Mazino ekuberekwa anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kana kupererwa
Chimwe chromosomal chisina kuitika chinoitika kana fetus iine nhamba isina kukodzera yekromosomes kana kuti chromosomes yakarongeka. Izvi zvisinganzwisisiki zvinogona kushandura pakukura kwekuremererwa kwekuberekwa, kushungurudzika kwakafanana neArt syndrome, kana kupererwa kwemimba.
Kunzwisisa Genesisi uye Chromosomes
Muviri wako wakaumbwa nemasero. Pakati pegeri rimwe nerimwe inonzi nucleus, uye mukati memukati kune chromosomes.
Chromosomes yakakosha nokuti ine majeni anogadzirisa mararamiro ako, ropa rako, uye kunyange iwe unogona sei kuva kune dzimwe zvirwere.
Sero rimwe nerimwe mumuviri rinowane 23 maviri e-chromosomes - 46 mune zvose-chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinosvika 20 000 kusvika ku25 000 geni. Hafu yemakromosomu ako anouya kubva mazai amai vako uye hafu inobva kumunhu wababa vako.
Pamakumbo makumi maviri nemaviri emakromosomes, mapoka maviri maviri ekutanga anonzi autosomes. Ma chromosomes maviri ekupedzisira, panguva iyo, anonzi allosomes. Iyo inozivikanwawo sekromosomes zvepabonde, allosomes inotarisa munhu wepabonde uye unhu hwepabonde. Mukadzi ane ma2 chromosomes (XX) apo murume ane X uye Y chromosome (XY).
Chromosomal Kusagadzikana uye Kuparadzana
Chromosomal kusagadzikana ndeimwe yemhosva inonyanya kukonzera kusununguka mukati mekutanga kwemutatu. Mukupererwa kwepakutanga, zvikanganiso zvechromosomal zvinogona kudzivirira fetus kubva pakubudirira.
Apo izvi zvinenge zvichiitika, maitiro ezvirongwa zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinowanzopindura kuburikidza nekupedza kubvisa pamuviri.
Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti chromosomal zvisiri izvo zviri shure kwe 60 kusvika ku70 muzana yekutanga kutengesa mahara. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iko kukanganisa kunenge kusinganzwisisiki, uye mukadzi achaenderera mberi kuva nemimba yekuzvarwa inotevera.
Nhamba yakawanda yekupererwa kwepabonde kunokonzerwa nechirwere chepfungwa umo kune ma matatu emakromosome pane maviri. Izvi zvakadana trisomy. Mienzaniso trisomy 16 uye trisomy 9 , iyo pamwe chete inotarisa inenge 13 kubva muzana yevose vatatu vatatu vatatu.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chromosomal isingaoneki inogona kutungamirira kune chinhu chisingawanzozivikanwa chinonzi molar pamuviri . Munguva yekubata pamuviri, mishonga yaive yakagadzirirwa kuumbwa mumucheche panzvimbo payo kuva kukura kunoshamisa pachibereko. Kune mhando mbiri dzekurera pamuviri:
- Kutevedzwa kwakakwana kwema molar kunokonzerwa kana mazai asina ruzivo rwemashoko. Icho chinokura mu-placenta inoratidzika sechisumbu chemazambiringa pasina mwana ane fetus.
- Kubata pamuviri kunokonzera apo zhi rinosunganidzwa nemarume maviri. Iyo inokonzera kukura kwemukati wemukomana iyo yakanyanya kusagadzikana uye kazhinji haiiti kupona.
Down Syndrome uye Zvimwe Chromosomal Zvisina Kukodzera
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvechromosomal is Down syndrome inokonzerwa nekopi yekromosome inonzi chromosome 21. Ndicho chikonzero chekuti isu tinotaurawo nezvechirwere se trisomy 21.
Zvimwe zvinowanzoonekwa zveA Down Syndrome zviduku zvishoma, tsvina yepamusoro kumeso, kuderera kwemazwi, uye yakadzika yakadzika pakati pechindwe.
Mumwe kubva pavana 691 muUnited States akaberekwa ne Down syndrome.
Chikonzero chechirwere chisina kunyatsojeka, asi masayendisiti akacherechedza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hukama huripo pakati pezera remakore ekuberekwa uye nekuvandudzwa kwechirwere. Dambudziko rakaratidzwa kuti riwedzerwe zvishoma nezvishoma semukadzi ane makore, kubva kune imwe mu1 500 ari nemakore makumi maviri kusvika kune rimwe muna 50 nezera remakore 43.
Mukuwedzera kune trisomy 21, pane zvimwe zvinetso zvakabatana nekuvapo kwechimwe chromosome. Mukuru pakati pavo:
- Trisomy 18, inozivikanwawo seEdwards syndrome, inowanikwa mune imwe yevamwe 2 500 pamuviri uye kune imwe yevana 6 000 vakaberekerwa muUnited States Iyi dambudziko rinoratidzika nechepasi kuberekwa uremu, zvinyorwa zvisingasviki zvakagadzirwa, uye zvimwe zvikanganiso zvehupenyu zvinokonzera upenyu. Edwards syndrome haina mushonga uye kazhinji inouraya vasati vaberekwa kana mukati megore rokutanga rehupenyu.
- Trisomy 13, inozivikanwawo sePatau syndrome, inogona kukonzera kuremara kwakanyanya kwepfungwa pamwe nekuremara kwemwoyo, maziso asina kugadziriswa, zvigunwe zvigunwe kana zvigunwe, muromo unononoka, uye uropi kana mutsara wesimbi usingaiti. Patau syndrome inowanikwa mune imwe yevana 16 000 vakaberekwa, nevana vanowanzofa mumazuva ekutanga kana vhiki dzeupenyu.
- Klinefelter syndrome, inozivikanwawo se XXY syndrome, inokonzerwa nechimwe che X chromosome muvarume. Inobatanidzwa nehupamhi hwehutachiona uye kusagadzikana kwepabonde. Inowanzoenda isingazivikanwi kusvikira pakupera kana inoratidzika musina simba, chimiro chakareba, zvishoma zvevhudzi bvudzi, uye zvinyorwa zvediki.
Kusiyana neizvi, kuwedzerwa kwechimwe Y muvarume (XYY) kana kuti X inowanikwa mukati yevakadzi (XXX) hakuiti kuti zvipi zvipi zvehuviri kana hutano husina kunaka. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vevana ava vangave vane zvinetso zvekudzidza, vanowanzokura zvakanaka uye vanogona kubata pamuviri vana.
Chromosomal Testing
Kusvika kumagumo ekutanga kwako katatu, iwe unogona kusarudza kuva nekuongorora kuongorora kunogona kukupa iwe mukana wemwana wako ane chromosomal isina kuchena. Chiyero chinoenderana nezera rako uye chinogona kusanganisira ultrasound, kuongorora ropa, amniocentesis , nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvishoma zvisingasviki. Inowanzoitwa mushure mevhiki yekubata kwako.
> Kwakabva:
> National Human Genome Research Institute: National Institutes of Health. "Chromosomal Kusakanganisika." Bethesda, Maryland; yakarongedzwa naJanuary 6, 2016.