Utachiona ndicho chinokonzera kukanganisa kuberekwa
Kubatwa pamuviri panguva yekuzvitakura ndicho chinokonzera kukanganisa kuberekwa. Zvirwere izvo zvinowanzokonzera zviratidzo kana kwete kana munhu mukuru angave nemigumisiro yakaipa kumwana asati aberekwa. Kana utachiona hwakadaro husingaiti kuti kurasikirwa kwepamuviri kana kuti kuberekwa, kunogona kutungamirira kukudzika kwekuberekwa kwehutano uye kusagadzikana kwezvirongwa zvakawanda zvemuviri mumwana.
Kutanga kuonekwa kwehutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura kune kadhikosha.
Kuchengetedza kwehutachiona kunokonzera kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hweprauterine uye kukanganisa kuzvarwa . Zvimwe matanho zvinogona kutorwa kuti kuderedze njodzi yehutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura, kusanganisira kupora uye maitiro ekudzivirira.
Zvakakosha kuti vakadzi vose vane pamuviri kana kuronga kuti vave nepamuviri vanofanira kuziva zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuguma mukurasikirwa nekurasikirwa kana kukanganisa kuberekwa.
Cytomegalovirus Infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) utachiona ndiyo hutachiona hunowanikwa pane dzose pakuberekwa (kureva, congenital infection) muUnited States. Kuvharirwa ne CMV panguva yekuzvitakura kunowedzera mukana wekuti mwana achabatwa neushamwari CMV.
Vana vazhinji vanotapukirwa ne CMV pakuberekwa havana zviratidzo. Vamwe vana vatsva, zvisinei, vanokurira kuberekwa CMV. Zviratidzo zvekuberekwa CMV zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- kuputika kwe retina
- kuputika kunouya pakuberekwa
- musoro usina kunyanya kushandiswa pamwe chete nekufambiswa kusina kukwana kwehuropi (kureva, microcephaly)
- kuchena kweganda, maziso, uye mutsara (kureva, jaundice)
- kuwedzera kwechiropa uye spleen
- kuderera kuberekwa
- seizures
- zvinyorwa zvemaminerari muuropi
Vazhinji vacheche vane zviratidzo zvehutachiona pakuberekwa vachave nezvinetso zvehutano zvekare, zvakadai sokurasikirwa, kunzwa kurasikirwa, dambudziko rehuchenjeri, zvinetso zvekuvandudza, nezvakadaro.
Zvinogona kutora makore kuti matambudziko aya aratidze. Uyezve, kuberekwa kweWCV kunokonzera njodzi yehuga, chirwere chetachiona, osteoporosis, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Vana vacheche vanotapukirwa ne CMV pavakaberekwa asi vasingarati zviratidzo zviri pangozi yakadzika yezvinetso zvakadaro.
Zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti vana vacharwara zvakanyanya sei CVM. Uyezve, hapana mushonga we CMV. Zvirongwa zvezverapa zvinosanganisira kurapa kwepanyama, dzidzo yakakodzera, nezvakadaro. Muvana vane congenital CMV, kurapwa nemishonga yemishonga inogona kupedza kurasikirwa kwekunzwa gare gare muupenyu.
Cytomegalovirus inowanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu; saka, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kudzivisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakadzi vane pamuviri vanorayirwa kuti varege kupindirana kwavo nevana vaduku zvikuru vanogona kuparadzira utachiona. Nhungamiro yakananga inosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Shamba maoko zvakakwana mushure mekusangana nematafura kana vana
- Rega kutsvoda vana vasati vadarika makore matanhatu pamatama kana mumuromo
- kudzivisa kugovana zvokudya uye kunwa nevana vaduku
Uyezve, vakadzi vane pamuviri vanobata sevashandi vezuva vekufanirwa havafaniri kuonana nevana vaduku vanopfuura makumi matatu.
Rubella Virus Infection
Kutapukirwa nehutachiona hwepabonde panguva yekudzivirira-kunyanya panguva yekutanga kwemutatu-kwakaoma zvikuru.
Zvinetso zvakajairika zvinosanganisira kupererwa kwemimba , kusununguka nguva isati yasvika, uye kufa kwechecheche. Muvana ivavo vakaberekwa vari vapenyu, chirwere chinonzi congenital rubella syndrome chinogona kuguma.
Congenital rubella syndrome inotungamirira kumeso, nzeve, uye kukanganisa kwemwoyo pamwe ne microcephaly, kana musoro usina kunyanya kushandiswa pamwe chete nekugadzirisa kusina kukwana kweuropi, autism, uye kucherechedza mupfungwa uye motokari. Nyaya idzi dzinogara nokusingaperi.
Zvinonzwisisika, zvinobva mukudzidza kwe2011 kwakabudiswa muBMC Public Health inoratidza kuti pakati pe2001 na2010, mamiriyoni 16 600 emufemenera rubella syndrome akadzivirirwa nehutema vaccination. Uyezve, 1228 matambudziko e autism spectrum disorder akadzivirirwa nehutema vaccination munguva ino.
Zvisizvo zvishoma kana zvenguva pfupi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kwechiropa uye chirwere chepleen, ganda uye kubuda ropa (kureva, "bhiriberry muffin syndrome"), uye utachiona hutachiona.
Panguva yekutarisirwa kwepabonde, mukadzi anofanira kuongororwa rubella chitunha. Vakadzi vane pamuviri asi vasina kudzivirirwa nehutachiona hweRubella vanofanira kuvharwa mushure mokunge vane pamuviri. Vaya vane utachiona hwehubhurasi panguva yekuzvitakura vanofanira kunyatsoongororwa. Vakadzi vanotapukirwa nehutachiona mukati mevhiki gumi nemasere ekuberekwa vane 90 kusvika muzana mukana wekupa mwana ane congenital rubella syndrome; asi mukati memavhiki makumi maviri ekutanga, chiyero chinodonha kusvika 20 muzana.
Herpesvirus Infection
Utachiona hweHerpes panguva yekuzvitakura hungava hwakaoma kune mwana achangoberekwa. Izvozvo zvinogona kuguma mukurasikirwa pamuviri, kupera simba, uye kuchera kuberekwa. Utachiona hweHerpesvirus hwechechecheche hunonyanya kukura kusvika kumagumo ekudzivirira, panguva yekuzvarwa, kana nguva pfupi kuberekwa. Utachiona kumagumo ekudzivirira kunogona kuita kuti microcephaly, kuputika kwe retina, kuputika, uye hydrocephalus.
Maererano neNIH:
Izwi rokuti hydrocephalus rinobva pamashoko echiGiriki rokuti 'hydro' anoreva mvura uye 'cephalus' zvinoreva musoro. Sezvo zita racho rinoreva, iyi ndiyo mamiriro ayo maitiro ekutanga anowedzera kuwedzera kwemvura muuropi. Kunyange zvazvo hydrocephalus yaimbozivikanwa se 'mvura muuropi,' 'mvura' inonyanya kushandiswa kwemvura (CSF) - mvura yakachena inopoteredza uropi nemutsipa wespereta. Kunyanya kuwedzerwa kweCSF kunoguma nekuwedzera kusina kukwana kwezvivako muuropi dzinonzi ventricles. Uku kuwedzera kunokonzera kukanganisa kunokonzera mishonga yeuropi.
Kuvharirwa ne hepes panguva yekuzvarwa kana nguva pfupi pashure pacho kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zveziso, muromo, kana ganda pamwe neuropi nemamwe marudzi ehutachiona.
Ngozi yemigumisiro yakaipisisa yehutachiona hwehepevirus inogona kuderedzwa nehutungamiri hwe acyclovir, mushonga unorwisa mishonga, mumavhiki mana ekupedzisira ekudzivirira mumukadzi uyo akawana chikamu chekutanga chemudzimai wepabonde panguva yekuzvitakura.
Toxoplasmosis Infection
Maererano neCDC:
Toxoplasmosis inokonzerwa neprotozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. MuUnited States inofungidzirwa kuti 11 kubva muzana yevanhu vanogara makore 6 nekure vakagadzirirwa neToopoplasma. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika yose, zvakaratidzwa kuti kusvikira 95% yevamwe vanhu vakaparadzirwa neToopoplasma. Utachiona hunowanzokwirira munzvimbo dzenyika dzinopisa, mhepo ine mhepo uye pasi.
Toxoplasma gondii chirwere chinopararira chinowanzoparadzirwa nekatsi. Makati anotapukirwa nekudya makonzo uye shiri dzinotapukirwa nehutachiona ichi.
Kana iwe uri nepamuviri uye uine kati, zvakakosha kuti urege kushandura kitty chikafu. Toxoplasmosis inopfuura nemafuta. Imwe nhungamiro inosanganisira kuchengetedza makati ako mumba uye kuvadyisa zvokudya zvekutengeserana.
Zvimwe zviwanikwa zve-toxoplasmosis zvinosanganisira zvisina kuvekwa kana kuti nyama yakabikwa pamwe chete nevhu uye mvura yakasvibiswa. Yeuka kubika nyama yako zvakakwana pakushisa kunopisa kwakakwana. Pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvinotevera, shambidza maoko ako zvakakwana mushure mokubata nyama isina kudya uye ushambidze midziyo yese uye ndiro yakagadzirirwa kugadzira nyama. Pakupedzisira, rega kunwa mvura isingateereri uye kupfeka magirafu panguva yekurima.
Vakadzi vane utachiona hwehupombwesi panguva yekuzvitakura kana kuti vasati vasununguka vanogona kupedza utachiona kumwana. Vanaamai vazhinji vane utachiona havana zviratidzo zvehutachiona, uye vana vakawanda vane utachiwana vanowanzova vasina zviratidzo, zvakare. Zvisinei, hutachiona ne-toxoplasmosis kunogona kukonzera kupererwa kwepabonde kana kuberekwa pamwe chete nekuremara kwakakomba kwekuberekwa, kusanganisira hydrocephalus, microcephaly, kushaiwa kwepfungwa, uye kuvhiringidza retina.
Kazhinji, yekare kuti amai vanotapukirwa ne toxoplasmosis panguva yekudzivirira, zvinowedzera kuoma kurwara.
Nekuremekedza kutapukirwa kwe toxoplasmosis muchechecheche, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinobatanidzwa nekuremara kwenguva refu:
- kunonoka kuongororwa
- kunonoka pakutanga kwerapi
- ropa rakasviba soro (kureva, hypoglycemia)
- oksijeni kushayikwa (kureva, hypoxia)
- zvinetso zvakakomba zvinetso
- kuwedzera mukumanikidzwa kwakapoteredza uropi (kureva, kuwedzerwa kusagadzikana kwechisimba)
- asina kutongerwa hydrocephalus
Kusvikira makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvevana vanozvarwa vanowana kurapwa kwakakodzera nekukurumidza nemishonga pyrimethamine uye folinic acid inowanzogara. Mishonga inofanira kupfuurira mukati megore rokutanga rehupenyu.
Zika Virus
Zika inopararira neumhutu weAedes iyo inoruma masikati. Inogona kupararira nekuita zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa nemumwe munhu ane HIV. Kunyange zvazvo Zika yakapararira kune imwe nzvimbo muFlorida uye kumaodzanyemba kweTexas, kudzvinyirira kweZika iri kuitika ikozvino kuitika muCentral America, South America, neCaribbean.
Zika chirwere chinopfuudzwa kubva kuna amai kuenda kune fetus chinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakura kwekuberekwa, kusanganisira microcephaly uye uropi husina kunaka. Dambudziko rekuremererwa uku kunowanikwa ka20 pane vakadzi vane Zika virusi.
Kunyange zvazvo kushanda pane chirwere cheZika chiri kuitika iye zvino, hapana mushonga kana kurapa kwakakwana kweZika chirwere. Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanorayirwa kuti vashandise chirwere chekugadzirisa, rega kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo Zika iri kupararira, uye kudzivisa kuita zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa nemumwe munhu anokwanisa kutapukirwa nehutachiona.
Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya
Mumwana asati aberekwa, mamwe maitiro ehutachiona anogona kutungamirira kukuremara kwekuberekwa, kusati kwasvika, uye kufa.
Zvakakosha kuti vakadzi vanofunga nezvekuita pamuviri vanogamuchira chirwere chemasopi-mumps-rubella (MMR) 3 mwedzi musati mimba. Kune avo vasingagamuchiri chirongwa cheMMR vasati vabata pamuviri, zvakakosha kuti vagamuchire iyo pakarepo mushure mokunge vava nepamuviri. Uyezve, zvirongwa zvinorwisana nehofu, tetanus, diphtheria, uye pertussis zvose zvakachengeteka panguva yekuzvitakura uye zvinokurudzirwawo.
Vakadzi vane utachiona hwehepevirus panguva yekuzvitakura vanofanira kuwana kurapwa ne acyclovir, antiviral agent, mumavhiki mana ekupedzisira ekudzivirira. Kuita izvi kunoderedza ngozi yekuberekwa kwekuberekwa pamwe nedzimwe zvirwere uye utachiwana hwakawanikwa mushure mokuberekwa.
Kunyange zvazvo zvingave zvakaoma kudzivirira utachiona hunonzi cytomegalovirus panguva yekuzvitakura, matanho anogona kutorwa nemukadzi ane pamuviri kuti arege kusangana nevana vaduku zvikuru.
Kuti kuderedza ngozi yeutachiona hwehutachiona, vakadzi vane pamuviri havafaniri kusangana ne kitty litter uye cat feces.
Pakupedzisira, vakadzi vane pamuviri havafaniri kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo apo chirwere cheZIka chinoparidzirwa, uye kana vakagara mharaunda dzakadaro vanoshandisa bug repellant pakati pezvimwe zvinodzivirira.
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> Berger, BE, Navar-Boggan, AM, Omer, SB. Congenital rubella syndrome uye autism spectrum chirwere chinodzivirirwa neRubella vaccination - United States, 2001-2010. BMC yehutano hwehupfumi. 2011; 11: 340.
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