Aneuploidy inzvimbo iyo sero ine nhamba isina kukwana yekromosomes. Aneuploidies inowanzokonzera kubvisa pamuviri, kunyanya pakuberekwa kwekutanga.
Kunzwisisa Chromosomes
Kuti unzwisise kuti ane ane ani, ndeyekuti unofanira kutanga kudzidza nezvekromosomes. Chromosomes ndiyo zvivako zvine DNA yedu. Iko iri mune nuclei yemasero edu ose.
Masero evanhu evanhu ane ma chromosomes 46 ane 23 chromosome pairi. Hafu yekromosomu yedu inobva kumadzimai edu uye imwe hafu kubva kumadzibaba edu.
Maviri maviri okutanga echromosome, anonzi autosomes, akafanana mune varume muvakadzi. Irosi yechipiri inosanganisira chromosomes zvepabonde. Madzimai, izvi zviviri ndezve X chromosomes. Muvarume, izvi zviri zviviri X uye Y chromosome.
Chii Chine Aneuploidy?
Mune aneuploidy, sero rine mapepa matatu echromosome yakasiyana (inokonzera 47 ma kromosomes akazara) kana imwe kopi yechromosome inokonzerwa (inokwana 45 chromosomes). Ikopi inowanikwa yekromosome inonzi trisomy; kopi inoshayikwa inonzi monosomy.
Chero kuchinja kupi kwechikamu chemakromosomes mumumvuri kana mazai masero kunogona kukanganisa mugumisiro wekudzivirira. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinogona kukonzera kuberekwa kwakararama, asi zvimwe zvinouraya mumutambo wekutanga uye hazvikwanise kutungamirira kumwana anokwanisa.
Inofungidzirwa kuti vanopfuura 20 muzana yehutumbi vanogona kunge vane aneuploidy.
Zvizhinji zvezviviri izvi hazvibviri uye hazvizogadziri mwana.
Pasati yegumi yekubata pamuviri, aneuploidies ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa.
Zvinokonzera
Maitiro ezvakatipoteredza anogona kukonzera chromosomal, asi masayendisiti anotenda kuti maitiro akawanda ekushaya aneuploidy anokonzerwa nezvikanganiso zvisinganzwisisiki mumasero ekuparadzanisa.
Kazhinji yenguva, kunyange kana chirwere chechiromosomal mushure mekusununguka kwepamuviri chinoratidza kuti mwana akabatwa neineuploidy, aneuploidy haadzokeri mune pamuviri munguva yemberi.
Maitiro Akaita Sei Kuita Kuberekwa?
Matambudziko (imwe yeropa yekromosome) inowanzowanzodiwa kupfuura monosomies (inoshayiwa kopi). Zvose zvinokonzerwa nematambudziko zvinokonzera kupererwa kwepamuviri. Kutaura zvazviri, ivo vane mhosva yepamapfumbamwe 35 muzana yezvisizvo zvisingatauri.
Vanhu vashoma pane imwechete yevanhu vanoberekwa vane matambudziko. Kune zviitiko zvakakosha zvehutano hwechirwere chromosome muvanhu ava.
Kunongova maitiro mashomanana chete angaguma nekuzvarwa patsva. Chinyanyozivikanwa ndeye trisomy 21, inozivikanwa seA Down syndrome. Mamwe mavara maviri (i-non-sex chromosome) matrisomi ayo anowanzoita kuti mwana ave trisomy 13 uye 18. Nhamo, vana vanozvarwa vane maitiro aya kazhinji havararami.
Vacheche vanoberekerwa nemamwe maitiro echromosome zvepabonde vanogona kurarama kune vanhu vakuru. Varume vanoberekwa nemaviri eC chromosome uye imwe Y chromosome vane Klinefelter's syndrome, iyo inowanzove aneuploidy mushure meArt syndrome. Vanhurume vanogonawo kurarama pamwe neX uye maviri YY chromosomes nevakadzi vane matatu X chromosomes.
Kana iri monosomies - zvakasiyana nematrisomies - chimwe chete chinoguma mukuzvarwa patsva.
Iyi ichine X chromosome muvakadzi, inozivikanwa seT Turner's syndrome .
Uyewo Anozivikanwa se: Aneuploidies, Trisomy, Monosomy, Chromosome Kubata
Sources:
Mangani emakromosomes vanhu vane? Genetics Home Reference. US National Library of Medicine. February 1, 2016.
Chromosomes Fact Sheet. National Human Genome Research Institute. June 16, 2015.
O'Connor, C. (2008) Chromosomal kusagadzikana: Aneuploidies. Chimiro Dzidzo 1 (1): 172
Rai, R., Regan, L. (2006). Kudzokororazve. The Lancet.