Kukura kwevana vaduku kunokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu uye zvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinokonzera mwana zvose nenzira dzakanaka dzinogona kusimbisa kubudirira kwavo uye nenzira dzisina kunaka dzinogona kukanganisa migumisiro yekusimudzira.
Munguva yekutora nguva, pane zvakawanda zvehupenyu izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwevana.
Kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa paRuthgers University kwakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvekuberekwa zvinokanganisa kukura kwemashoko uye kuti zvipi zvinoita zvepabonde zvinokosha zvinoita kuti mwana arambe achinyatsoziva. Gross motokari inobudirira inowanzotaridzirwa kuti ndeye chikonzero chezvinhu zvisingaoneki, zvisikwa, nezvakaberekwa shure kwepabonde zvichiita zvishoma. Ngatitaurei nezvezvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu zvinokanganisa kubudirira kwevana: chikafu uye zvepabonde.
Nutrition
Chikafu chakakwana chinova chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukukura kwevana. Asati aberekwa, kudya kweamai uye hutano huripo hunoita basa mukukura kwevana. Folic acid kudya kwemakiromita 400 (mcg) zuva rega kwemwedzi mitatu isati yatanga uye panguva yekubata pamuviri zvakanyanya kunoderedza ngozi yezvimwe zvikanganiso zvekuberekwa kwepfungwa dzecheche (anencephaly) uye musana (spina bifida).
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuremara kunowanikwa mumavhiki mashomanana ekutanga ekuzvitakura, ndicho chikonzero zvakakosha kuvakadzi mumakore ekubereka kwavo kuti vaone kuti vari kuwana 400 micrograms ye folic acid zuva nezuva-kumirira kusvikira mukadzi aona kuti ane pamuviri anogonawo kuva kunonoka.
Gender
Vanhu vazhinji vane 23 maviri emakromosomes mumasero avo (kunze kwemasero anozvara ekubereka anonzi gametes). Maviri maviri ekutanga anonzi autosomes, ayo akafanana nevakomana nevasikana. Nokudaro, varume nevakadzi vanowanzoita sendima yakafanana yemagene. Kunyange zvakadaro, mapoka maviri e-chromosomes ndiyo inogadzirisa hutano hwomunhu.
Vakomana vane imwe X chromosome uye imwe Y chromosome apo vasikana vane ma X chromosomes. Nokudaro, kusawirirana kwepabonde pahupenyu hwehupenyu hunowanika paY chromosome.
Gender inobatsira chikonzero chekugadzirisa matanho muvakomana ivavo vanowanzokura nekudzidza zvakasiyana nevasikana. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti vakomana vane zvikamu zvakaderera zvekugadzirira chikoro kupfuura vasikana. Zvimwe zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zvinosanganisira kutarisa kusagadzikana kwepabonde uye kuti vanhu vanoona sei varume nevakadzi vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
Muviri wemuviri wemuviri unobatanidza nhengo dzekubereka uye unowedzera kuparadzaniswa sehutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutano hunobudiswa hunoita basa mukusiyana kwehutano. Vakomana vanowanzobereka huwandu hwe androgens (mahomoni evanhukadzi), asi vakadzi vanobereka estrogens (vakadzikadzi vemadhemoni evanhukadzi).
Masayendisiti akadzidza mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona hwemadzimai pamararamiro emwana. Vakaona kuti vakomana vane dzakakwirira kudarika zviyero uye androgen maitiro vanoita uye vanoita zvakafanana kune vezera ravo vevarume vane maitiro anowanzoitwa androgen. Zvisinei, vasikana vane mazinga e-androgen akakura anowanzobudisa humwe hutano hwehutano hwemadzimai kupfuura hwevasikana vane maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye androgen.
Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya
Makore matatu ekutanga ehupenyu hwemwana ndeye nguva yekukura kukuru uye kubudirira.
Masayendisiti akawanda anotenda kuti makore matatu ekutanga ane simba guru mukufambira mberi kwomwana nekubudirira gare gare muupenyu. Inoratidzwa nekufambira mberi nokukurumidza, kunyanya kwouropi umo kuwirirana pakati pemaklopi europi (neurons) ari kuitwa uye kunopa zvivako zvekuvaka zvakakosha zvekukura nekuvandudza mune remangwana.
Kuti vana vane hurema vabone kudzidza zvakanakisisa, vave vashandi, uye vane pfungwa dzakasununguka, zvakakosha kuisa pfungwa kune vana vaduku kukura.
> Sources:
> Folic Acid Mibatsira Kudzivirira Dzimwe Dambudziko Rokuzvarwa. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. https://www.cdc.gov/features/FolicAcidBenefits/index.html.
> Irwin LG, Siddiqi A, Hertzman C. Kukura Kwemucheche Kwevana: A Simba Rokuenzanisa. World Health Organization.