Zvaunoda kuziva
Kuwanda kwepamuviri kunopedza masvondo makumi mana. Vacheche vanoberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi matatu nemaviri nemakumi mana ekuberekwa vanoonekwa sekuzara kwenguva. Vacheche vanoberekwa musati mavhiki makumi matatu nemakumi matatu ekuberekwa kunotsanangurwa sekusati kwapera.
Pari zvino, kunyanya kutaura nezvechiremba chirevo chekugadzirisa chinogadziriswa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri. Muzvipatara zvakawanda iyi ndiyo cutoff yenzira yekurapa inobatsira mukuedza kuchengetedza hupenyu mwana akaberekwa nguva pfupi.
Zvisinei, iyi inotsanangurwa isina kusimba inobva pakuita uye kuchengeta mupfungwa mazuva angave akabuda nevhiki shomanana mune imwe nzira. Mwana anozvarwa kana kuti vasati vhiki masvondo makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ekuberekwa kunowanzodikanwa kupindira mune zvekurapa kusanganisira, kuporesa, kuporesa, uye kwenguva refu uye dzimwe nguva dzakasimba muNeonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Kusati Yatanga Kuberekwa Nhamba
- Vose vanenge 11,4 muzana yevane pamuviri vose vanopedzisira vasunungurwa.
- Vanenge vana 450 000 muUnited States voga vanozvarwa nokukurumidza uye vane mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu vanoberekerwa pasi pose-iyo iri mu10!
- 80 pamwe chete nezana remakore ekutanga kuberekwa hazvina kutarisirwa.
- Inenge 45-50% yevabereki vanoberekwa kare idiopathic. (asingazivi)
- 30% inofananidzwa nekutanga kwekutanga kwemukati. (PROM)
- 15-20% inonzi inoratidzwa nemishonga inoratidzirwa (muenzaniso: preeclampsia, kuparara, IUGR) kana kusarudzwa kwekutanga kutora.
"Zviitiko zvinotungamirira kuberekwa kwekutanga zvisati zvisinganzwisiswi zvakakwana, kunyange zvazvo etiology inofungidzirwa kuti yakawanda.
Izvozvi, zvisinei, zvisingazivikanwe kana kutanga kwekutanga kuberekwa kubva pakubatanidzwa kwezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana kana mamiriro ekuzvimirira emugwagwa mumwe nomumwe. Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekuberekwa kwepakutanga zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvehutano hweamai kana fetus, maitiro ekuberekwa, maitiro ekurapa, kushanduka kwehutano uye hukama hwehupfumi, uye iatrogenic (inobatanidza nekuongororwa kwezvokurapa kana kurapwa) kusatidzira. "(WHO)
Waizviziva Here?
- Kuberekwa kwemazuva mashoma muUnited States kwaderera kwechinomwe chakakwirirana gore, kusvika ku11,4 muzana yevose vakaberekwa muna 2013.
- Iyi ndiyo inotsika pasi mumakore 17! Chinangwa chehurumende yehurumende chakanga chiri chokuderedza kuberekwa kwekutanga kwekutanga kubva kune imwe nheyo ye 12,7 muzana muna 2007 kusvika ku11,4 kubva muna 2020. Nhamba idzva dzinoreva kuti nyika yakakundwa nechinangwa makore manomwe ekutanga.
- IU.America iine imwe yepamusoro yepamutengo yekutanga kwekutanga kuberekerwa chero ipi zvayo yepamusoro-nyika yenyika
- Zvokurapa zvechecheche akaberekerwa nguva isati yasvika inodarika madhora 54 000, achienzaniswa ne $ 4,000 nokuda kwehutano hwakakwana, nguva dzose.
- Preterm kuberekwa kwemitengo yakaramba yakasimbirira pakati pemamwe madzinza uye madzinza muUnited States, kusanganisira vakadzi vemavara, madzinza eAmerica neAmerican. Chiyero chekuberekwa kwepakutanga pakati pevakadzi vasina kuvimbiswa uyewo chakakwirira kwazvo kudarika chiyero chenyika (19.8 muzana muna 2013.)
Percentage Kubva paGestational Age (yakatarisa)
- Zvinopfuura 70 muzana zvevana vasati vasvika vanoberekwa pakati pevhiki makumi matatu nemakumi mana nemaviri.
- 12 muzana yevana vasati vasvika vanoberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi matatu nemaviri nemakumi matatu nemakumi maviri nemaviri.
- 10 muzana yevana vasati vasvika vanoberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri nemakumi maviri nemasere.
- 6 muzana yevana vasati vasvika vanoberekwa vasati vasvika mavhiki makumi maviri nemasere.
Kupona Nhamba Dzimba (inenge yakavakirwa pane zvinhu zvakawanda)
- Vacheche vanoberekwa vhiki makumi maviri nemaviri vane 17 muzana mukana wekupona.
- Vacheche vanoberekwa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri vane 39 muzana yekana yekupona.
- Vacheche vanozvarwa pamasvondo makumi mashanu vane 50 muzana yekana yekupona.
- Vacheche vanozvarwa pamasvondo makumi manomwe vane 80 muzana yemukana wekupona.
- Vacheche vanoberekwa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri vane 90 muzana yemukana wekupona.
- Vacheche vanoberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi maviri nemasere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika makumi mana kusvika kumakumi matatu nemashanu kubva pamakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu kubva muzana.
- Vacheche vakaberekwa pakati pemavhiki 32-33 vane 95 kubva muzana mukana wekupona.
- Vakawanda vacheche vakaberekwa vhiki makumi matatu kana kupfuura, vane mikana yakafanana yekupona semwana wenguva yakazara.
Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nekupona zvinowedzera apo mimba inowedzera. Nevhiki imwe neimwe mwana anoramba ari muchizvaro mukana wekuwedzera uye kubudirira kuwedzera.
Zvisinei, nguva yekuita zvepabonde haisi iyo chete inogadzirisa chikonzero chekupona kwevana vakaberekwa kare kare. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita basa rinokosha mumucheche mwana achaita sei kusanganisira kuberekwa kuwanda, zvinetso zvekuzvitakura sekuparadzana kwepascental, utachiona, uye kukura kwemafupa kumapfupa kungoti vashomanana chete. Nenzira yakanaka, kutsvakurudza kwezvokurapa uye kufambira mberi kwakawedzera mikana yekupona kunyange mumwana muduku kupfuura vose.
Mhedzisiro dzeMatongerwo (akaenzana)
Percentage chiverengero chinoenderana nevana vakaberekwa vasati vasvika mavhiki makumi maviri nemasere ekuberekwa:
- Avo vanogona kukura nekuremara kwakaremara kwakanyanya kusvika pakuzvarwa patsva- 22%
- Avo vanogona kukura nekuremara kwepamwero kana zvidikanwi zvinodiwa kubva pakuberekwa nguva isati yasvika- 24%
- Avo vanogona kukura nekuremara kwakadzika- 34%
- 20% yevaya vose vakaberekwa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ekuberekwa kana kuti mberi kwavo havazovi nemigumisiro yakareba kubva pakutangira kwavo.
Kubva pamazera ekutakura uye kuzvarwa kwevana, vana vasati vasvika vanoiswa zvisina kufanira muzvikamu zvakatsanangurwa zvinyoro, zvinyanyisa, uye kusagadzikana kwakanyanya:
Unyoro: Vacheche vanoberekwa pakati pemakore makumi matatu nemaviri nemakumi matatu nemasere ekuberekwa uye / kana vane uremu hwekuzvarwa pakati pe 1500g-2000g (3lbs 5oz uye 5bbs 8oz)
Mutevedzeri : Vacheche vanoberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi maviri namasere nemakumi maviri nemasere ekuberekwa kwepabonde ane uremu hwekuzvarwa pakati pe 1000g-1500g (2lbs 3oz uye 3lbs 5oz)
Kunyanyisa : Vana vakaberekwa vasati vasvika masvondo makumi maviri nemasere kana kuti vane uremu hunorema hunopfuura 1000g (2lbs 3oz)
- Muviri wekutanga, mwana akaberekwa pakati pevhiki nesvondo makumi matatu nemasere ekuberekwa
- Preemie , akaberekwa pavhiki dzisingasviki makumi maviri nemaviri ekuzvitakura
- Micro-preemie , akaberekwa mushure memavhiki masere makumi maviri ekuberekwa
Kudzorerazve Prematurity
IAmerican Congress of Obstetricians neGynecologists (ACOG) neSosaiti yeMaternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) ichangobva kuzivisa kuti iri kurumbidza kushandiswa kwezita rokuti "term" pakuberekwa kunotsiviwa nemakore matsva ekutora mazita.
Maererano nemazita matsva, nguva yakazara inotarirwa kumavhiki makumi mana makumi mana nemakumi matatu nemasvondo makumi mana uye mazuva matanhatu ekudzivirira. Munguva yapfuura, pamuviri pakati pemasvondo makumi matatu nemaviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi matanhatu wakatarwa nguva yakazara.
Kuchinja uku kunoratidza hutsva kubva kuNational Institute of Child Health nekuPurudza NICHD, kutsvakurudza nezvehutano hwakashata hwevana vanozvarwa pamasikati makumi matatu nemasere nemana makumi matatu ekuberekwa, (yakambotaridzwa kwenguva yakazara) kufanana nevakaberekerwa mushure memavhiki makumi mana nemakumi mana.
Semuenzaniso, kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kuenzaniswa nevana vakaberekerwa kana kana mushure memasvondo makumi matatu nematatu ekuberekwa, vana vanozvarwa vasati vhiki makumi matatu nemasere:
- Pangozi yakakura yekutumirwa kuNeonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
- Pachinetso chikuru che20% chematambudziko, kusanganisira kufema, kudya, uye kutonhora matambudziko; sepsis (chirwere chakakomba ropa); uye cerebral palsy
- 5% inowanzova nehutano hwekutsvaga kana kubudirira
- Pakutambudzika kwe50% kwekufa mukati megore rokutanga rehupenyu
Amai vanonunura kana kana mushure memasvondo makumi matatu nematatu ekuberekwa vanowanzova nemigumisiro iri nani kudarika vanaamai vanoendesa vasati vasvika makumi matatu nemaviri.
Zvitsva zvitsva sezvinotsanangurwa NICHD:
- Nguva yekutanga: masvondo makumi matatu nemavhiki masere nemasere matanhatu
- Zuva rakakwana: vhiki makumi mana nemakumi mana nemasvondo makumi mana nemazuva matanhatu
- Nguva yekupedzisira: masvondo makumi mana nemasvondo makumi mana nemasere nemazuva matanhatu
- Post-term: mavhiki makumi mana nemasere
VaKurumbira Vanozivikanwa Yezuro Nhasi
- Napoleon Bonaparte: akaberekwa muna 1769 aiva mumwe wevakuru vakuru vehondo munhoroondo. Chifananidzo chake chiduku chinoonekwa kuti ndicho chikonzero chekuberekwa kwake nguva isati yaitika.
- Victor Hugo : mutori wenhau guru weFrance, anonyanya kuzivikanwa nekusika Les Miserable, aiva preemie akaberekwa muna 1802
- Mark Twain: Mumwe munyori weAmerica akabudirira akaberekwa muna 1835, akaberekwa mwedzi miviri asati apera.
- Sidney Poitier: Mubayiro wokukunda muimbi, mutungamiri wefirimu, uye mumiririri.
- Winston Churchill: Mutori wezvematongerwo enyika weBritish, akaberekwa mwedzi miviri asati apera muna 1874.
- Albert Einstein : Akaberekwa nguva isati yasvika muGermany munaMarch 1879. Einstein akawana zvishoma zvishoma munguva iyo neonatology yakanga isiripo uye yakaramba ichiita zvakanakisisa kubudirira mumatunhu nesayenzi.
- Anna Pavlova : Akaberekwa mwedzi miviri asati asvika muna 1881 uye akakurira kuva umwe weBelleras.
- Patrick Bouvier Kennedy : Mwana wechitatu waJacqueline naJohn F. Kennedy akazvarwa pamasvondo makumi matatu uye akafa pamakore maviri ezera nekuda kweHyaline Membrane Disease, inozivikanwawo seHemine Distress Syndrome kana RDS. RDS ndeimwe yezvinetso zvakajairika zvekugadzirisa. Kurasikirwa kwemwana wemhuri yekutanga kwakanyatsorwisa rudzi rwacho uye kwakatungamirira kudururwa kwehupfumi hwehurumende nehupfumi hwekutsvakurudza kwezvokurapa hunoita kuti kushandiswa kwechirwere chekushandiswa kwepachirwere kune vana vacheche vakaberekwa nemapapu asina kufema.
- Stevie Wonder : Famous American singer akaberekwa muna 1950 uye akanga ari mumwe wevana vakawanda vasati vasvika vakaberekwa mumakore makumi mana uye makumi mashanu akanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu anonzi Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) akaita kuti arasikirwa nemaziso ake sechecheche. Kufambira mberi kwemazuva ano kwakaderedza zvakanyanya dambudziko reROP mumucheche akazvarwa nokukurumidza.
- Isaac Newton : Scientist uye muumbi wezvakaitika uyo akarondedzera mitemo yekuvhiti. Akaberekwa muna 1643, maduku akakwana kuti apinde mumagiramu ane gumi, maererano namai vake.
- Charles Darwin: Mumwe mutauro wechiChirungu uye musayendisiti-muvambi wezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvekushanduka-shanduka.
- Pablo Picasso: Mufananidzo uye muSpain-muvezi wemifananidzo, printeraker, ceramicist.
- Michael J. Fox: Muimbi weCanada akaberekwa, munyori, muiti, uye mumiririri.
- Wayne Brady : Mutevedzeri weAmerica, muimbi, munyori uye terevhizheni; akaberekwa mwedzi mitatu asati asvika.
- Phillip Phillips: Muimbi uye anokunda weAmerican Idol 2012. Akazvarwa nguva isati yakwana muna 1990 uye akadaro haana kuzviita. Akarwisana nenyaya dzekudya uye anonzi ave muparadzi weN NEC.
Current Records
Vamwe vanozivikanwa vanozivikanwa vanozivikanwa chete kunyika nokuda kwekuzvarwa kwavo kwekutanga:
- Rumaisa Rahman, akaberekwa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemashanu muna September wegore ra2004 mune chimwe chipatara cheChicago chinofungidzirwa kuchengetedza rekodhi rezvino seChidiki chepasi rose chiripo, rinorema magirita 244 kana 8.6 ounces.
- James Elgin Gill, akaberekwa muna May 1987 muOttawa Canada ndiyo yakanga iri mwana asati asvika munyika. Akanga ari mazuva 128 asati asvika pamasvondo makumi maviri uye mazuva mashanu gestation. James akayera 644g kana 1bb 6oz. Akapona uye anonzi ave ane hutano pakati pemakore ekuma20.
- Amillia Taylor akambotaurwawo sevana vasati vasvika. Akazvarwa munaOctober 2006 muMiami Florida pamasvondo makumi maviri nemasere nemazuva matanhatu gestation. Paakaberekwa, akanga ane 9 inches long uye akayera 233g kana 10 ounces.
Kune nzira mbiri chete dzekurarama hupenyu hwako. Imwe yakaita sokuti hapana chinhu chishamiso. Mumwe wacho wakaita sokuti zvose zvinoshamisa. " - Albert Einstein
> References
> Kuitika kwekuberekwa kusati kwasvika pane zvevanhu March weDhimes. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.marchofdimes.org/mission/the-economic-and-societal-costs.aspx
> March weDhimes. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.marchofdimes.org/materials/premature-birth-report-card-united-states.pdf
> PeriStats | March weDhimes. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/Peristats.aspx
> Premature Birth Birth | Statistic Brain. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.statisticbrain.com/premature-birth-statistics/
> Prematurity at Birth: Determinants, Consequences, and Geographic Variation - Preterm Birth - NCBI Bookshelf. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11386/
> PRETERM BIRTH AS A PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVE. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2496946/
> Products - Zvinyorwa Zvitsva - Nhamba 39 - May 2010. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db39.htm
> Nhamba dzezvekutanga kwekuzvarwa - RightDiagnosis.com. (nd). Yakadzorerwa kubva ku http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/premature_birth/stats.htm
> WHO | Preterm kuberekwa. (nd). Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/