Mubvunzo wevhiki
Mukutsvaira kutyisa mibvunzo, vanogara vachirondedzera sevanorarama kana kuti vanopedza nguva yakawanda mumusha wakavakwa musati wa1950 kana kana yakavakwa kare 1978 uye ichiri kugadziriswa sezvipingamupinyi zvinokonzera mwana ane utungamiri hwehupfu. Sei zvakasiyana? Kana ini ndichigara mumusha wakavakwa kare muna 1978 uye isingadzokodzwizve, vana vangu vari pangozi yekutungamirira chepfu?
Izvo zvinoenderana.
Lead Paint
Kutungamirira isimbi yakaremara yakave yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba.
Kubva pamapepa nemvura yemapapu kune zvizoro uye pende, mutungamiri wakashandiswa kubvira kare kare. Uye zvechokwadi, mutungamiri wakawedzerwa kune gasi mumakore ekuma1920 ekurera mafuta ectane, zvichiita kuti zviite zvakanaka.
Asi nei zvakatungamirirwa kuiswa pende?
Mutungamiri anogona kushandiswa seguruji. Kutungamira carbonate, somuenzaniso, pende chena yakaitwa kubva mutungamiri, vhiniga, uye carbon dioxide, uye yakamboshandiswa kupendesa White House. Yakashandiswa zvakare mune dzakawanda zvekare zveEurope mafuta emifananidzo.
Pira yekutungamira inogonawo kuitwa mune mamwe mavara uye inogara yakasimba uye mvura isingagoni.
Zvinosuruvarisa, kutungamirira kunotyisa.
Vatungamiri vave vachikuvadza uye kutyisa vanhu kwenguva yakareba sezvo yakashandiswa.
Kufanana nemashoko okuti "madenga seane hanya," ayo akange akonzerwa nekemikari inonyanyisa, imwe, 'kupenga semufananidzo,' inotaura nezvehuipi hunotyisa hwekutungamira mukupenda.
Tungamira Mavara Mitemo
Mitemo yekutanga pamusoro pepende yekutungamirira yakagadziridzwa muna 1950s.
Iyi mitemo yepakutanga yakarambidza kupora kwepakati mune mamwe maguta.
Muna 1971, Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act (LBPPPA) yakarambidzwa kupora muPorgan housing.
Mitemo kubva muna 1971 kusvikira muna 1973 yakaderedzawo zvinyorwa zvinogamuchirwa zvinotungamira mupende.
Mutungamiri akazobvumidzwa kushandiswa mukati nekunze imba yepende muna 1978 neV Consumer Product Safety Commission.
Kushandurwa kweLBPPPA muna 1973, 1987 uye 1992 kwakashanda zvakare kuderedza ngozi yokuti vana vaizove nechepfu nepepe yepeti.
Chengetedza Ngozi
Kana imba yenyu yakavakwa mushure mema1950 uye iwe hauna kuigadzirisa, zvino zvingadaro hazvingave zvakakosha kune chimwe chinhu kune imwe imba yaive ichigadziriswa.
Apo dzimba dzakagadzirwa vasati ma1950 uye dzimba dzakavakwa pakati pe1950 na1979 zvingave zvese zvinotakura pende mukati mazvo, ndiyo misha yekare kudarika yakawanda inowanzoisa njodzi. Izvozvo ndechokuti imba yakwegura inowanzove ichikurira, ichigadzira mapepa mapepa uye guruva rine tsvina rinogona kuiswa nevana vaduku. Uye kuenderera mberi kwepende mumisha yakavakwa vasati ya1950 inogona kunge yakakwirira kudarika mu "imba itsva" yekare.
Mwana wako angave ari pangozi kana imba yako yakavakwa pakati pe1950 ne1979 kunyange zvakadaro.
Kana iwe uchigadzirisa imwe yemisha iyi, nekuwedzera pane imwe imba, kubvarura pende, kana kuputsa rusvingo, nezvimwewo, unogona kuvhiringidza pepende yekutungamirira uye inogona kuisa mwana wako pangozi yekutungamirira chepfu. Saka maererano neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, mwana wako anofanirwa kuongororwa kuti atungamirire chepfu "kana vachigara kana kuti nguva dzose vanoshanyira imba yekuchengetedza vana kana kuti yakagadzirwa vasati vasvika 1978 iyo iri kana ichangobva kugadziridzwa kana kugadziridzwa (mukati memwedzi 6 yapfuura ). "
Ita Ngozi Mumisha Yekare
Mukuwedzera pakutevera pepa, dzimba dzakwegura dzinogonawo kuisa vana pangozi nekuda kwevakuru vakatevedza kupinza, zvichiita kuti mvura yakakwirira inotungamira mazinga. Maererano neEPA, mutungamiri "waishandiswa mune mamwe magetsi emvura uye pombi dzemvura," kusanganisira mapaipi emitambo, kugadzirisa, uye kutengesa kusvika muna 1986.
Asi hazvisi dzimba dzekare dzingaisa vana pangozi.
Zvikoro zvekare zvinogona kuisa vana pangozi zvakare.
Uye zvinoshamisa kuti, "kutungamirirwa-pamutemo" kwemapurisa emutemo mumisha mitsva yakavakwa kusvikira muna 2014 inogona kuumbwa ne8% mutungamiri. Izvozvo zvakaderedzwa kuva 0.25% chete neSepu Drinking Water Act muna 2014.
Imba Yako Inotapura Here?
Kuti uone kuti vana vako vakachengeteka kubva pendepe yekufambisa, kana iwe uchigara mune imwe imba yakakura kana imba, yakavakwa kare muna 1978, iwe unofanira kunge uine kuongorora kwepende yepeti kana kuongororwa kwengozi yepepe yepepe.
Mukonzi wako kana mudzidzisi anotungamirirwa anogona kukubatsira kuchengetedza mhuri yako kuchengeteka paunenge uchigadzirisa imba yako yakwegura.
Ramba uchifunga kuti vana vangave vari panjodzi yekutsvaira chepfu kana vachiita muvhu rakapoteredza imba yakwegura iyo inogona kuve yakasvibiswa neperi yepeji inotungamirirwa. Iwe unogona kuderedza dambudziko iri nekurega vana vako kuti vaite mutsiva pedyo neimba yako uye vashamba maoko avo pakarepo kana vachiita.
Dzimwe njodzi dzekutungamirira chepfu iyo vabereki vanowanzotarisa dzinogona kusanganisira:
- kuva nomubereki kana nhengo yemumhuri ane basa kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandisa mutungamiri (kuumba ivhu uye girazi rakaiswa)
- kushandisa dzimwe mishonga dzevanhu, zvakadai se greta uye azarcon
- vachishandisa kare, ceramic cookware, uye mamwe makamuri emitambo, makendeni, uye zvipfeko
Mukuwedzera pakuongorora uye kuedza vana vako kana vari mungozi yakakura, mamwe matanho aunogona kutora kuti uderedze dambudziko rekutungamirira chepfu rinogona kusanganisira:
- Dzinga mwana wako kubva kutsva uye kudya zvisiri izvo zvekudya (pica), zvakadai semasvi uye mapepa.
- Mhanya faucet kwemaminetsi mashomanana usati watanga mvura inotonhorera yekubika, kunwa kana kugadzirira vana mazamu (izvi zvinogona kubatsira kubvisa mutungamiri unogona kuvaka mumvura yakagara).
- Chengetedza mwana wako aine hutano uye akachengetedzeka zvakanaka, sezvo kusava nekudya zvakanyanya kune ngozi yekutungamirira chepfu.
- Shamba maoko emwana wako mushure mekunge ari kutamba kunze, kunyanya kana ari kutamba muvhu.
Sources:
EPA. Kunzwisisa Kuongorora, Kuongorora Njodzi, uye Kubhadhara.