Sei kufara hakusi mutsara wekuchikoro kwako
Dharira inovaka kukwanisa kwemwana wako nekufungidzira pamwe nezvimwe unyanzvi. Zvingave zviri kungobururudza bhora shure nekunze nemunun'una kana kuti kupfekedza chipfeko nekufungidzira kuti ari anstronaut-arikudziridza unyanzvi hunokosha hwehutano hwakadai sekudzidza kutenderera, kubatana, nekubatana nevamwe.
Iko mitambo yose inotarisa zvakafanana kwauri here?
Nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika Mildred Parten anorondedzera mitanhatu yemitambo iyo mwana achatora chikamu, zvichienderana nezera ravo, mafungiro, uye hutano hwevanhu:
Unoccupied Play
Kubatizwa kutamba kunoreva basa apo mwana chaizvoizvo ari kutamba zvachose. Anogona kunge akabatanidzwa mumasangano anotaridzika, asina chinangwa. Pasinei nezvakaonekwa, izvi chaizvoizvo zvinotamba uye zvinotanga danho rekutsvaga kutamba.
Chete (Independent) Play
Kuita uri oga kunongonzwa zvaunofunga-apo mwana wako ari kutamba ari oga. Uyu mutambo unokosha nokuti unodzidzisa mwana nzira yekuzvichengetedza, achigadzirisa nzira yekuzviriritira. Chero mwana upi zvake anogona kutamba akazvimiririra, asi rudzi urwu rwemutambo ndiyo inowanzoonekwa kuvana vaduku vanenge makore maviri kana matatu. Panguva iyoyo, ivo vachiri ivo vanozvifunga uye havana hukama hwakanaka hwokukurukurirana. Kana mwana ari kune nyenyeri uye asingazivi vatambi vake, vanogona kusarudza rudzi urwu rwekutamba.
Onlooker Play
Munhu anotarisa ndeyekuti mwana anongocherechedza vamwe vana vari kutamba uye haaiti muitiro. Zvakajairika kuvana vaduku vari kushanda pakuvandudza mazwi avo . Usafunganya kana mwana wako muduku achizvibata nenzira iyi. Zvinogona kunge kuti mwana anonzwa anonyara, anoda kudzidza mitemo, kana kuti zvichida ndiye muduku uye anoda kungotora danho shure kwekanguva.
Parallel Play
Isa vaviri vane makore matatu muimba pamwe chete uye izvi ndizvo zvaunogona kuona: vana vaviri vari kufara, vachitamba pamwe chete munyika yavo duku. Hazvirevi kuti havadikanwi, ivo vari kungoita mutambo wakafanana. Pasinei nekushamwaridzana kwepakati pevamwe vatambi, vana vanofananidza kutamba vanodzidza zvishoma kubva kune mumwe sekuda kutendeuka uye mamwe maitiro akanaka evanhu. Kunyange zvazvo zvichiita sevari kutarisirana, ivo zvechokwadi vari uye vanowanzofananidza nemumwe. Sezvo zvakadaro, rudzi urwu rwekutamba runotaridzirwa senzira inokosha yebhiriji kune zvikamu zvekare zvekutamba.
Associative Play
Zvisiyana zvakasiyana nezvakafanana, kufambidzana kunosanganisirawo vana vari kutamba zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe. Asi nenzira iyi yemutambo, ivo vanobatanidzwa kune izvo vamwe vari kuita-funga vana vachivaka guta rine mabhii. Sezvo vachivaka zvivako zvavo pachavo, varikutaurirana uye vachibatana. Iyi inzvimbo inokosha yekutamba nokuti inobatsira vaduku kukudziridza ruzivo rwakakwana-hukama hwevanhu (chii chatinofanira kuvaka iye zvino?) Uye kugadzirisa matambudziko (tingaita sei kuti guta rino rikuru?), Kubatana (kana tikashanda pamwechete tinogona kuita kuti guta redu rive nani) uye kukura mumitauro (kudzidza zvingataura kuti uwane mharidzo yavo kune mumwe kune mumwe).
Kuburikidza neshamwari yekutamba ndeyekuti vana vanotanga sei kuva neshamwari chaiyo.
Masangano anobatana
Kubatana kwekubatana ndiko apo zvikamu zvose zvinouya pamwechete uye vana vanotanga kutamba pamwe chete. Zvinowanzoitika kune vakwegura vepachikoro kana kuti vaduku vekuchikoro vane vana vakwegura kana kuti vave vari pedyo nevana vakawanda). Kubatana kwevashandi kunoshandisa humwe hutano hwemagariro ako mwana wako ari kushanda uye anovaisa mukuita. Vangave vachivaka chiziviso pamwe chete, vachitamba mutambo webhodhi , kana kufara nemutambo wekunze kwemauto, kubatana kunobatanidza danho rekubatana kwemazuva anotevera apo mwana wako anokura kuva munhu mukuru.
Dzimwe Mhando dzeMutambo
Kunyange zvazvo zvikamu izvi zvakakosha uye zvakakosha kuti mwana arambe achifambira mberi, kune mamwe mhando yemitambo iyo inobatsirawo kukura kwevana. Idzi mitambo yemutambo inowanzosimbiswa apo mwana anotanga kuita mubasa rekushandira pamwe uye anosanganisira:
- Zvinoshamisa / Ndangariro Damba : Apo mwana wako anoda kutamba mbatya , chiremba, kana yekuraira, zvinoshamisa kana kutamba. Nenzira iyi yemutambo, haisi kungofungidzira kuti mwana wako anofungidzira, asi anodzidza nzira yekushandura, kubatanidzwa, kugoverana nekushanda mukuvandudza mutauro . Nekutamba, vana vanogonawo kudzidza pamusoro pekushanda munzvimbo huru.
- Kumupikisa : Kana ari kurova munun'una wake kuChutes uye Ladders kana kutamba mumutambo webhokisi remunharaunda, mwana wako ari kuita mukukwikwidza kutamba. Mitemo uye kutendeuka, uye kushanda sechikamu chechikwata zvidzidzo zvikuru zvakatorwa kubva mumhando iyi yemutambo. Iwe unogona kunge uchipa mwana wako kutungamirirwa pamusoro pekubata pamwe zvose kukunda uye kurasikirwa.
- Mutambo Wemitambo : Unyanzvi hukuru uye hunobudirira hwemotokari hunowanikwa pano, pasinei nokuti mwana wako ari kukanda bhora kana kutasva bhasikoro . Kudya muviri kunokurudzira vana kuti vashande .
- Kugadzira Play : Mafomu ekutamba anovaka anosanganisira kuvaka nezvivako, kugadzira migwagwa yemotokari yemotokari, kana kuvaka dzimba kubva pamakumbo emubhedha. Kuvaka muviri kunodzidzisa vana pamusoro pokubata, kuvaka, uye kukodzera zvinhu pamwe chete. Unyanzvi hwekufungisisa hunoshandiswa kuti uone kuti ungaita sei chimwe chinhu chichishanda zvakanaka, kana chiri chivako chisingazombosiki kana shongwe yechando inoramba ichidonha.
- Mutambo Wemagariro : Rudzi urwu runogona kuve rwuri (kuimba, majee, mihanzi), zvigadzirwa zvemafirimu (kuveza, kutora), kuverenga, kana kuita mimhanzi. Rudzi urwu runobatsira vana vanodzidza kukudziridza unyanzvi mukuzviratidza ivo pachavo nekuongorora zvakaitika kwavari, pfungwa, uye manzwiro.
> Kwakabva:
> Mitambo yeDhidhiyo. Child Development Institute. https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/play-work-of-children/pl1/#.WXGHNdPyvBI.
> Whitebread D. Kukosha Kwekusetsa . April 2012.