Kuva nemwana nguva inokosha muhupenyu hwemukadzi. Inguva yekuwanikwa - kubva pakudzidza zvose pamusoro pehupenyu hwemucheche wako kuti uone kuti mwana wako anoda chii uye zvaanoda. Vanaamai vazhinji vatsva vanozviwanawo vachifamba nenzira yekuyamwisa. Pakati pezvinofadza izvi, kuberekwa kunogona kuva chinhu chakanyanya kupfungwa mupfungwa dzako. Asi, kunze kwekuti iwe uchida kuwedzera imwe hama kana hanzvadzi kumwedzi mapfumbamwe kubva ikozvino, zvinokosha kuti urege kukanganwa zvido zvako zvekuberekwa kwekuberekwa.
Kana zvasvika pakuyamwisa nekudzivirira kuberekwa, amai vatsva vane mikana yakawanda yekuita zvekudzivirira kusarudza kubva. Zvakakoshawo kuti usatenda nhema yokuti haugoni kubata pamuviri iwe uchiri kuyamwa. Kunyange kuyamwisa kunogona kutorwa semhando yekudzivirira kuberekwa, kune mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo anofanirwa kusangana kuitira kuti ibudirire. Zvinoratidzika kuti vakadzi vazhinji havafungi kuti vanobereka zvakare kusvikira vagamuchira nguva yavo yokutanga mushure mokuberekwa. Ramba uchifunga kuti iwe uchazora mafuta usati watora nguva yako. Kana iwe uine zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa panguva yakapera, iwe unogona kutorazve pamuviri. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kushandisa nguva yako sechiratidzo chekubereka haisi pfungwa yakanaka. Kana wangoverenga pamusoro pezvose zvinoshandiswa pakuberekwa kwekurera vana, zvinogara zvakanaka pfungwa yekutaura nachiremba wako kuti asarudze kuti ndiani angakodzera iwe.
Kuberekwa kwekuberekwa kwekuberekwa kunowira mumapoka mana: progestin-chete mahomoni, nzira dzisiri-hormonal, nzira dzekuzvarwa uye nzira dzekusingaperi. Zvose zvinotevera nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa dzinoonekwa sezvakachengeteka kushandiswa panguva yekuyamwisa:
Progestin-Ndiwo Maitiro:
Progestin-chete mishonga yekudzivirira ndeye nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa kwehomoni dzinoda chiremba kubva kuchiremba wako. Kunyange zvazvo progestin inogona kupinda mumukaka wako, haigoni kukuvadza mwana wako kana kukonzera kudonha mukugadzirwa kwemukaka. Nzira idzi dzinowanzova dzakakosha kupfuura dzimwe dzakawanda dzisiri dzemahomoni.
Mini-Piritsi
Iyi inonzi progestin-chete yekuberekwa kwepiritsi. Kusiyana nemamwe ayo, mamwe mapiritsi, mini-piritsi haina chero estrogen. Aya mapiritsi anouya mu-28-day pack, saka mapiritsi ose mune rimwe nerimwe mavhiki mana ane progesin (hapana mapiritsi e placebo).
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Nexplanon
Izvi zvinozivikanwawo semishonga inobata pamuviri. Nexplanon ishanduro itsva yeImplanon sezvo mugadziri arikurumidza kubuda kunze kweImplanon. Iyi inopinza, mapurasitiki inowanikwa pasi peganda riri muruoko. Iyo inoramba ichitsvaga chirwere chepasi cheprogestin kwemakore matatu uye inopa kudzivirirwa pamuviri panguva iyi yose. Implanon kana Nexplanon inogonawo kubviswa chero nguva panguva iyi yemakore matatu.
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Depo Provera
Iyi nzira yekudzivirira kuberekwa ndiyo jekisi inodzora zvishoma nezvishoma progestin muropa rako mumakore masere kusvika ku14. Saka iwe unodzivirirwa kubva pamuviri panguva ino. Zvakakosha kuti ugamuchire chinotevera chairo cheDepo Provera muchikwereti nenguva kuti kubudirira hakuzogadziriswa.
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Mirena kana Skyla
Idzi idzi ndiIUDs dzinosunungura zvishoma zveprogestin pamusoro pegore rechitatu kana re5. Vanofanira kuiswa uye kubviswa nachiremba wako. Zvose mbiri dzinoshanda uye dzinogona kutorwa chero nguva.
- Mirena
- Skyla
Non-Hormonal Methods:
Nezvishoma zvishoma, izvi zvinoshandiswa pakuyamwisa kuberekwa kwekuberekwa zviripo pane-the-counter. Vakawanda vanoonekwa se "chigadziro" nzira sezvo vachiita sechidziro chinodzivirira humi kubva pakukwanisa kusvika paii.
Kondomu yeMurume
Makondomu anouya mumhando dzakawanda, ukuru, uye zvinhu (zvakadai se latex, polyurethane, lambskin kana polyisoprene). Murume anoshandisa kondomu kuti avhare peni yake asati, panguva uye mushure mekuvhara. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe kondomu dzichiuya dzisati dzagadzirwa, vamwe amai vanoyamwisa vanogona kunge vane mawere echerogen, izvo zvinogona kukonzera vaginhi kuoma. Kana iwe ukaona kuti kondomu inoshandisa inogumbura mukadzi wako, unogona kusarudza kuwedzera mamwe magetsi (seA Astroglide kana Wet Naturals).
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Chikwata Chemukadzi
Iyi nzira yekudzivirira kuberekwa inoumbwa nehomwe yakagadzirwa kubva ku polyurethane ine zvindori zvinoshandiswa pamagumo ose. Inobata mbeu uye haibvumiri kuti mbeu inopinda mumuviri wako. Zvinogona kutora zvidzidzo zvishoma kudzidza kuti zvakanaka sei kuisa kondomu yevakadzi kusvikira unonzwa wakasununguka kushandisa imwe.
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Spermicide
Utachiona hunouya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi hunoshanda nenzira imwechete - spermicides inowedzerwa mukati memhandara nguva isati yaita zvepabonde; ivo vachazonyunguduka kana kuvhuta kuti vagadzire dambudziko. Vanowanzova nonoxynol-9, iyo inonzi spermicide iyo inomisa uye / kana kuparadza mbeu.
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Nhasi Sponge
Iyo chipanje chinenge chakakomberedza, chipfeve chinenge chakabatanidzwa nylon loop kubviswa. Inovhara chibereko chemuviri (kuvhura kwomuviri), saka chirume hachigoni kupinda. Inoburitsawo spermicide inogona kumisa musikana kubva kushambira. Kuva nokunzwisisa kwakanaka kwehutano hwako, pamwechete nemimwe tsika, zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kudzidza kudzidza kuisa chipanje.
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Diaphragm
A diaphragm (kana kuti mamwe maitiro ayo maduku, chivharo chechibereki) chinhu chinodzivirira. Izvi hazvikwanisi kushandiswa kusvikira zvave mavhiki masere kubva pawakabereka. Zvose zviri mutsara uye cervical cap inofanirawo kugadzirirwa nachiremba wako. Vanopindirwa mukati memudzimai uye vanovhara chivharox. Zvose izvi zvinoshandiswa ne spermicidal cream kuitira kuti chigadziro chidzivirire chirume uye kamu cream inoita kuti itadze.
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ParaGard
Iyi iHodmone isina IUD. Iyo ine mhangura yakanyungudzwa zvakapoteredza chigadzirwa uye inowanikwa nechiremba wako. ParaGard inopa makore gumi ekudzivirira pamuviri asi inogona kubviswa chero ipi zvayo musati yapera makore gumi.
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Nzira Dzakasikwa:
Iyo inozivikanwawo sezviito zvekuzvibata, idzi nzira yekudzivirira kuberekwa kwekuberekwa hazvivimbi pane zvigadzirwa kana mahomoni. Nzira dzepanyama dzinosanganisira maitiro aunogona kuita kuti udzivise kudzivirira kubata pamuviri.
Kuenderera mberi Kuyamwisa (Lactational Amenorrhea Method)
Kana zvikaitwa zvakanaka, LAM inogona kudzorera kuvharidzira kwemwedzi mitanhatu mushure mokuberekwa-saka kana pasina dhiya rinosunungurwa, hapana chinhu chekuti mbeu inamere. Kuenderera mberi nekuyamwisa kunobatsira nokuti hormone inokonzera kugadzirwa kwekaka inodzivirira kusunungurwa kwehomoni inoratidza kuvhara. A
Yeuka, kunyange zvakadaro: haufaniri kuvimba nemutemo uyu kwemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu kana kana wakambove nemakore kubva pakuberekwa. Uyewo, LAM inoshanda chete kana iwe ukamwisa mwana wako kanomwe kanomwe pazuva uye mazamu ose maviri uye usapfurikidza zvimwe zvekudya zvemukaka wamazamu. Iwe unofanirwawo kunge uchiyamwisa mwana wako nguva dzose maawa mana mukati mezuva uye maawa matanhatu pausiku.
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Kuronga Kwemhuri (NFP)
NFP nzira dzinotenderera pakucherechedza maitiro akasiyana-siyana emuviri kuti aone kana kuvhara kwemaawa kuchiitika. Zvinosanganisira zviratidzo-maitiro akavakirwa (saiyo nzira yeBillings) uye kalendari-based method (kufanana ne Standard Standard nzira). Kunyange zvazvo pasina hurumende inotaura kuti NFP haigoni kuonekwa sekuyamwisa kuberekwa kwekuzvidzivirira kusarudzwa, World Health Organisation inonyevera kuti kushandisa nzira dzekudzivirira kubereka kunogona kunge kusina kubudirira pakuyamwisa vakadzi. Zvinonzi iwe unomirira kuvimba neNFP zvisarudzo kusvikira watanga kuona zviratidzo zvekuberekwa (zvakadai sekervical mucus), iwe wakanga uine matanho matatu, uye wakatanga kuisa mukaka wemuviri nezvimwe zvokudya.
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Zvisingaperi:
Kana iwe uchiziva kuti uyu mwana wako wekupedzisira, iwe unogona kugara uchitarisa zvisarudzo zvekusingaperi sekuyamwisa kwako kuberekwa kwekuita sarudzo. Yeuka, kupera kwemhuka kunofanirwa kufungidzirwa sekusingaperi uye kusingadzoki. Kana iwe uchiri kunzwa "hormonal" paunenge uchiyamwisa kana uri kutarisana nega-post-partum depression, iwe unogona kuda kudzoka chisarudzo chekutsvaga kusununguka kwekuzvarwa kwekusingaperi kusvikira iwe uri munzvimbo yekunzwa uko iwe unonzwa uine chivimbo pakuita sarudzo iyi.
Mukadzi Kudetera
Nzira dzisingagumi dzevakadzi dzinosanganisira tsika dzedze, chirurgical tubal ligation nzira - inowanzoreva sekuve nemabhati ako akasungirirwa. Ramba uchifunga kuti tubal ligation inoda anesthesia, iyo inogona kupinda mumukaka wako wepamuviri uye inogona kukanganisa mwana wako (kazhinji kusvimha kunogona kukonzera kuoma nekudyidzana).
Imwe nzira isingagumi inonzi inonzi Essure. Iyi isiri iyo isiri iyo yekuvhiya kune tubal ligation uye haifaniri anesthesia. Nzira mbiri idzi dzinoshanda nekuisa chisimbiso kana kuvhara mafuroi. Nenzira iyi, mazai haakwanise kuenda kumubereko uye chirume hachikwanisi kupinda ma fallopian tubes kusvika kuneii.
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Vasectomy
Kuberekwa kwemurume hakubatsiri pakuyamwisa. Mushure mokunge vasectomy, muviri wemunhu uchiri kuita hura, asi hahuna hutundu. Varume vanogona kusarudza pakati pevasectomies echekare apo kusungirwa kuduku kunogadzirwa muchikamu chepamusoro chesafuro yemurume kana se-scalpel vasectomy apo chiremba anovhiya ganda racho, saka hapana kujekeswa kunoitwa.
Sources:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. US Chirongwa Chekurapa Kurapa Kwekushandisa Kubata Mishonga, 2010 . MMWR Pakusunungurwa Pakutanga 2010; 59 May 28: 1-86.
Riordan, J. & Wambach, K. (2009). Kuyamwisa uye Kubatana kwevanhu . Sudbury, MA: Jones naBartlett.
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