Mufananidzo weTwin Zygosity

Mababa akaumba nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana

Twinning inouya nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana. Mukuenzanisa mapatya, zygosity izwi rinokosha. Zygosity inosarudza kana mapatya akafanana (monozygotic) kana hama (dizygotic kana multizygotic). Icho chinhu chinokosha kuti unzwisise kuti mapatya anotanga sei. Asi dzimwe nguva kutaridzika kunobudirira kupfuura kunyora kwakanyorwa.

1 -

Kuratidza Twin Zygosity

Uyu mufananidzo unoratidzira kuumbwa kwemafa maviri akafanana uye akabatana. Zvinobatsira kuratidza rutivi-nerutivi kuenzanisa kwehutano iyo mavari maviri mapatya akaumba.

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira mazai asina kufanira uye mbeu. Apo chirume chinotanga mazai, inobva yava zygote kana kuti mazai. I-chromosomes kubva munharaunda yeii uye humiri inoumba nucleus itsva, ichigadzira iyo yakasiyana-siyana yekugadzirwa kwezygote.

Zygote zvino inopinda mumasero ekupatsanurwa kuti iite bhora remasero. Iyo inopinza mumadziro emuviri, kuumba placenta uye chorion kuti iwane zvokudya panguva yekuzvitakura.

Rutivi rworuboshwe rwemufananidzo runoratidza monozygotic twins , iyo inoumba zygote (mazai akaberekwa) kubva kune rimwe dza uye imwe mbeu. Zygote gare gare inoparadzanisa kuti iumbe mapatya maviri ane maitiro akafanana ekugadzira.

Rutivi rworudyi rwemufananidzo unoratidza dizygotic twinning, umo mazai maviri ega anogadzirwa nemurume uye zygotes maviri dzinoumbwa, imwe neimwe ichikura kusvika mapatya. Kubvira pakutanga, mumwe nomumwe ane maitiro ake, zvakafanana nevana vemunin'ina vaviri kubva kuvabereki vakafanana.

2 -

Monozygotic (Identical) Twinning

Monozygotic twins inogadzirwa kubva kune imwe chete, iyo inogadzirwa inogadzirwa. Mumufananidzo, unogona kuona zygote imwechete yakasikwa nei rimwe pamwe chete nemunhu umwe. Inoparadzaniswa kuva zvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana zvakaenzana, uye vana vaviri vakaumba.

Zita iri rinotsanangurwa: mono (imwe), zygote (mazai akakura).

Nemhaka yokuti vanobva mukubatanidzwa kumwechete kwehuta uye eza saka saka kutanga nehumwe maitiro ehutano, vanowanzova nemaonero akafanana uye vanogona kutarisa zvakafanana. Nokudaro, ivo vanozivikanwa sevana vakafanana.

Monozygotic twins inogara iine humwe hutano (pamwe chete nezvisina kuwanzana ). Inenge chikamu chetatu chemapatya ose monozygotic. Hapana anonyatsoziva chinokonzera mazai ega kupatsanurwa mushure mekuberekwa, naizvozvo mhuka inobva monozygotic twinning inoramba isingazivikanwi.

Cherechedza kuti mufananidzo uyu unoratidzira monozygotic mapatya mune chorion chakagoverwa, neine single placenta. Izvi zvinorondedzerwa se monochorionic twins. Zvisinei, haasi monozygotic twins dzose dzinoita nenzira iyi. Dzimwe monozygotic mapatya zvinokura muzvimedu zvakasiyana nemapentcentas maviri .

Izvi zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekuti sei zygote yakatanga kuparadzana kuita mapatya. Kusvetuka mumazuva matatu okutanga kunogona kuita kuti twese rimwe nerimwe rive neropa rake uye placenta. Kusvetuka mushure mechikamu ichocho kunoguma nekugovana pasi.

3 -

Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twinning

Mumufananidzo uyu, unoona mufananidzo we dizygotic twinning. Izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa sehama dzakanaka twinning. Mazai maviri anogadzirwa nemaviri maviri evanhu. Zygote mbiri dzinobereka mazai maviri anokonzerwa nevana vaviri.

Zita rinobva kumudzi di (maviri) uye zygote (mazai anogadzirwa.) Izvo zvinonziwo zvinonzi multizygotic twinning, apo inogadzira kuwanda kwehuwandu hwezvakawanda, zvakadai sehatu kana katatu.

Dizygotic twins dzinosiyaniswa kubva mumapapiro emonozygotic mune kuti dzinotangira zygotes zvakasiyana zvachose. Mazita avo emararamiro akaenzana akafanana nevanin'ina vaviri. Vanokura muzvikwama zvakasiyana, nepareca yakasiyana.

Ruzhinji rwemapatya, anenge maviri-ezvitatu, dizygotic. Vanogona kuva vasikana vaviri, vakomana vaviri, kana mumwe wega roga.