Chimwe chinhu chaunofanira kuziva pamusoro pepediatric kuonekwa kwekuona
Kuonekwa kwepfungwa nguva dzose kunokosha nokuti dzakawanda zvisingakanganwiki zvinoporesa kana yakawanikwa kare, uye isingateereri, inogona kutungamirira pakuona kurasikirwa uye kupofu. Pakati pezvinetso zvekuona izvo mwana wako wepachipiri achaongorora mwana wako nokuti anosanganisira:
- Strabismus - Kusarudzwa kwemaziso maviri, kuchikanganisa vanenge 4% yevana. Strabismus inowanzotsanangurwa nehutungamiri hwekusaruramisa, iyo inogona kunge iri kunze (exotropia), mukati (esotropia), kumusoro (hypertropia) kana pasi (hypotropia). Mwana anogona kunge ane chirwere chekunyangarika kweziso kana imwe yemeso ichivharwa kana kana yakaneta kana kurwara.
- Amblyopia - Kuderedza maonero muziso, iyo inogona kuva yechipiri kune strabismus, anisometropia (zvisina kufanira kukanganisa mafungiro mumaziso ose, somuenzaniso, kana ziso rimwe riri kure kupfuura rimwe ziso), congenital cataracts, nezvimwewo.
- Zvikanganiso zvekuputika - Zvakadai se myopia (kutarisa mberi) uye hypermetropia (kureva kure).
Muvana vaduku, chiratidzo chekuongorora chinowanzova chekuongororwa kwebvuu reflex (kuongorora kwechirwere uye retinoblastoma), kuenzaniswa kwemaziso (maziso asina kunaka anogona kuratidza kushungurudza) uye kufamba kweziso.
Vision Screening
Vana vakwegura, vachitanga pamakore matatu, vanofanira kuva nekuedzwa kwakanyanya kwemaonero avo. Kusvikira zviratidzo zvekuona zviripo zvichiitika mushure memazera emakore matatu, chiratidzo chevana vaduku chinogona kuongororwa nekucherechedza kuti vanogadzirisa sei uye vanocherechedza zvinhu uye nenhoroondo yevabereki vemwana. Zviitiko zvinotaridzika zvevana vaduku zvinosanganisira kukwanisa kutevera chinhu kusvika pakati pevhiki pakati pevhiki 2-6, yapfuura midline nemwedzi 1-3 uye kutevera chimwe chinhu 180 degrees nemwedzi 3-5.
Kana mwana wako asiri kusangana nematambudziko aya ekufambisa panguva, ipapo unofanira kuona chiremba wevana kuti uongorore.
Zvimwe kuedzwa kunogona kusanganisira corneal light reflex test, umo chiedza chinotungamirirwa pa bhiriji yemhino uye chiedza chinonzi chiedza chinotsvakurudzwa kuti chive nechokwadi kuti chakakosha kana chinovhenekera panzvimbo imwe chete pameso ose.
Kana chiedza chaicho chiri kure-pakati kana kuti chisingaenzaniswi mumaziso maviri, zvino chinogona kuratidza kusarudzwa kwemaziso. Izvi zvinobatsira kuparadzanisa pseudostrabismus, mamiriro ayo maziso anoita seasina kushandiswa zvisina kunaka nekuda kwezvakakurumbira epicanthal folds kana bhujiro rakadzika rezasi uye risingadi kurapwa, kubva pakushata kwechokwadi.
Iko unilateral cover test inogona kushandiswa kutarisisa kana mwana kana mwana muduku achatevera chimwe chinhu apo imwe yemeso inovharwa. Somuenzaniso, chiremba wevana vako vanogona kuona kana mwana wako achigona kugadzirisa uye kutevera chiyiko nemaziso ose, uye ndokuvhara ziso rezasi uye oone kana achiramba achiitevera neziso rake rokurudyi. Ipapo, ziso rakarurama rinofukidzirwa kuti rione kana iye achatevera teko neziso rake rekuruboshwe. Kana akawana zvakasimba kana kukaramba kutevera chinhu kana iwe uchivhara imwe yemeso ake, izvozvo zvinogona kuratidza kuti chiratidzo mune rimwe ziso rakaderedzwa.
Muvana vakwegura, unilateral cover test inobatsirawo kutarisa sitirobhu. Apo mwana ari kutarisa chinhu chiri kure, chakaita sechiso cheziso kana chido, chivhara chimwe chemaziso ake. Kana rimwe ziso richibuda kunze kana kuti, ipapo izvo zvinogona kuratidza kuti maziso ake akanganisa uye kuti ane tsvina. Muedzo wacho unodzorerwa nokuvhara rimwe ziso.
Paunoda Kuongorora Zvimwe
Zvimwe zvinetso zvinoratidza kudikanwa kwekuwedzera kuongorora zvinosanganisira vabereki vanocherechedza kuti maziso emwana wavo ari kuyambuka, kuti maziso avo haatauri kana kuti haangoiti seanoona zvakanaka. Zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti vana vaduku kazhinji havatauri matambudziko nekuonekwa kwavo, kunyanya kana dambudziko riri muziso rimwe chete uye rimwe ziso rinogara mairi.
Vakwegura, kuchikoro vana vana, vanogona kuudza kuti havagoni kuona bhodhi, kana kuti vangave vaine misoro nguva dzose, maonero maviri, kana kuti vanogara vachikanda. Kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekuonekwa kwakanaka kunowanzoitika kana mwana ari nemakore matatu, kunyange zvazvo vana vane makore maviri vachigona kuongororwa nemakadhi emifananidzo.
Chati che Allen chinosanganisira zviri nyore kuona mifananidzo, kusanganisira keke, ruoko, shiri, bhiza, uye foni.
Chimwe chiyero chinowanzoshandiswa kune vane makore makumi mashanu nemasere ndeyekudonha E chati kana kuti 'E' mutsara, chati ine tsamba E mune zvakasiyana-siyana (kumusoro, pasi, kurudyi uye kuruboshwe) uye ukuru. Vana vanoedzwa kuburikidza nekubvunza kuti chinangwa chei kana kuti chinotungamirirwa neE E chiripi pakushamba kwetairi rimwe nerimwe. Kuti ugadzirire mwana wako nokuda kwemuedzo uyu, unogona kutamba mitambo inonongedza kubva kune Prevent Blindness America. Vanewo kopi yeBroad Vision Test yeVaduku Vana, iyo inoshandisa E chati, uye yaunogona kushandisa kumba.
Kune vana vanogona kuziva dzimwe tsamba, iyo HOTV system, iyo mavara H, O, T, uye V anowanikwa mumasiyano akasiyana pane chati anogona kushandiswa. Mwana wacho anopiwa bhokisi rine H, O, T uye V guru, uye anorayirirwa kuti ataure tsamba iyo yebhokisi inofanirana netsamba iri pa chati.
Vana vakwegura vanogona kuongororwa neStellen yeziso nguva dzose iyo inoshandiswa kuvanhu vakuru. Nenzira yakawanda, iyo Snellen chati ndiyo yakarurama kwazvo uye inofanira kushandiswa kana zvichibvira.
Miitiro yekuona zviripo
Mushure mokunge kuedzwa kwaitwa, danho rinotevera riri kusarudza kana mwana akapfuura muedzo, sezvo vana vepachikoro vasati vadaro havadi kuti vave nemafungiro makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ekupedza. IAmerican Academy of Pediatrics yakabudisa mitemo yezvakaratidzwa zvakajeka pamazera akasiyana, kusanganisira:
- 20/40 yevana vane makore 3-4
- 20/30 yevana vakwegura
- 20/20 kuchikoro chevana
Mukuwedzera kumeso avo anoona, maziso maviri emwana anofananirana kune mumwe nemumwe anokosha zvakare. Pane imwe nguva, kana pane mitsara miviri yakasiyana pakati pemeso, izvo zvinogona kuratidzira kurasika kwakanyanya kwemaonero, sekuenzanisira, kana ziso rimwe riri 20/20, asi rimwe ziso riri 20/40. Kana kana ziso rimwe riri 20/30 uye rimwe ziso riri 20/50.
Vana vasingabatanidzi kana vanokanganisa maonero ekuongorora kuongorora muhofisi yePeditrician, kunyanya kana iri pamabasa akawanda, inofanira kuonekwa neAchipatara Ophthalmologist kuti awedzere kuongororwa.
Kuendesa kune Chiremba Ophthalmologist zvakarewo pfungwa yakanaka kune vana vane tsvina mushure mekunge vane mwedzi mitanhatu yemakore, kana vane ptosis, iyo yakakwirira yeoyelid madonhesi, kana kuti kana ziso rakagadziriswa panzvimbo kana kuti harina kufamba, kunyange iri kazhinji zvinowanzoitika kana mwana achangoberekwa kana kuti mudiki maziso achiyambuka. Strabismus imwe imwe chirwere chepachirwere umo 'kumirira nekuona' nzira yekuziva kana mwana achange akura kubva pane dambudziko hazvina kukodzera. Vana vanofanirwawo kuonekwa nean ophthalmologist kana vari pangozi yakakura yekuva nezvinetso zvekuona, zvakadai sevana vasati vasvika, vana vane Down syndrome, Sturge Weber syndrome, JRA, neurofibromotosis, chirwere cheshuga kana Marfan syndrome, vana vakaberekwa vane hutano hwepabonde, kana kana pane imwe mhuri yezvakaitika zvekushungurudzika kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemaziso zvehuduku.
Uyezve, kana chiremba wevana vako asingatauri maonero ekucherechedza pamakore matatu-chekuongorora, iwe unogona kuona kuona mwana wei ophthalmologist kuti mwana wako aone chiratidzo.
Chii Chiremba Ophthalmologist?
An Ophthalmologist dhigirii (MD), uyo akadzidziswa anosanganisira makore mana ekoroji, makore mana echikoro chezvokurapa, 1 gore rekudzidzira uye makore matatu ekudzidzira kugara muhupfumi. Mukuwedzera pakurongedza magirazi kana kuonana nemarori, ophthalmologists anoongorora uye anobata zvirwere zvemaziso akawanda uye anoita kuvhiyiwa kwemaziso.
Chiremba Ophthalmologist (MD), kunze kwekupedzisa chikoro chezvokurapa, chikwata chekudzidzira uye ofthalmology, apedza gore rinopfuura rekudyidzana kwekudyidzana mune vanachiremba vehutachiona.
An Optometrist (OD) inowanzopedza makore maviri nemakumi maviri ekoroji uye makore mana ekugadzirira chikoro. Chirwere chinogona kuongorora uye chinyorwa chekuona kusakanganiswa uye kupa magirazi uye masvikiro ekukurukura.
Maererano neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, 'kana chiremba wevana vako anoratidza kuti mwana wako ane maziso ake akacherechedza, chirwere chemakemikari chinonzi ophthalmologist ine mhando dzakakura kwazvo dzokurapa, sarudzo yakakura kwazvo uye yakazara, uye unyanzvi hwakakura mukubata nevana uye mukurapa kushungurudzwa kweziso kwevana. '
Tsvaga Chiremba Ophthalmologist munharaunda yako. Kana iwe usina mari yekuita kuti mwana wako aone kuonekwa kana matambudziko ake achibatwa, ona zvinhu izvi zvekubatsira:
- Kuratidzira Vadzidzi - Iri purogiramu inopa maonero ekuongorora uye magirasi kuvana vasina kuvimbiswa muUnited States.