Nemhaka yokuti amai ndivo avo vane muviri wavo unotakura pamuviri, vazhinji vanofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzera kupererwa kwepamuviri zvine chokuita nezvinhu zvinowanikwa mumamai. Asi sezvo matambudziko echromosome ari chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera kusununguka uye hafu yemakromosomes emwana ari kusimuka anobva kuna baba, unogona kushamisika kana chimwe chinhu chiri mumumvuri chingava chikonzero chekusununguka kwepamuviri-kunyanya kana wakambova nematambudziko akawanda.
Inogona Kukonzerwa Nembeu Inokonzera Kusakanganiswa Here?
Mhinduro yacho pamwe. Munguva yakapfuura, vatsvakurudzi vakataura nezveii sevari kunyanya kukonzera matambudziko echromosome nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti (kazhinji) mazai ega chete anorongerwa kumwedzi mumwe nomumwe, asi kusarudzwa kwechisikigo kunoitika pakati pehutano husati hwasvika hunoita kuti chirevo chinotungamira kune "chakakosha" chiri icho chinofanira kusvika kuii. Mukuwedzera, zvidzidzo zvezvemagetsi pamusoro pezvipfeko kubva kune kuora mwoyo zvakaratidza zvikanganiso mumutambo wekutanga wekuberekwa kwemaiosis (kutanga kweiii yeii) sekuti ndiyo inowanzokonzera kusakanganisika kunokonzera kusaparara.
Asi mamwe tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemakore gumi akapfuura anoratidza kuti izvi zvingasava nguva dzose . Zvimwe zviitiko zvekunonoka kwepasipo zvinoratidzika kunge zvinosanganisira baba vane huwandu hwakawanda hwemakromosomes asina kukwana muhupenyu hwake. Hakuchina huwandu hunofanirwa huri kuti kazhinji chirwere chinokonzera sei kuora kwemasimba, uye zvinetso zvekromosome mumumvuri hazvibvumirwi kuti ndizvo zvinokonzera kudzokorora kurasikirwa, asi zvinoratidzika sezviripo-kunyanya kune varume avo sperm yakaratidza kuti haizivikanwe morphology kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvekurera.
Vamwe vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira kuti varume vawane miedzo yehuta yepamhizha kana pasina chimwe chikonzero chekucheka kwemasimba kunowanikwa. Uhu hunhu hunogona dzimwe nguva, asi kwete nguva dzose, hunovandudzwa nemararamiro ehupenyu kana mishonga.
Kutanga Trimester Kusarudzwa
Inenge 3 kubva ku 4 inokonzerwa nemakumbo inowanikwa mukati mekutanga kwekutanga kwekuita pamuviri.
Kazhinji, kana mukadzi ane hupombwe mukati mekutanga kwetatu, pane dambudziko nemakromosomes emwana. Chromosomes zvivharo zveDNA zvinosungiridza zvose zvese zvinodiwa panguva yekufambiswa.
Nematambudziko echromosomal, chimwe chinhu awry chinoitika panguva yekubata uye mucheche unowana nhamba isina kururama yekromosomes (yakawandisa kana kuti shomanana) saka pakupedzisira inoguma nekuparara kwepamuviri. Nyaya, havasi vana vose vane nhamba dzisina kunaka dzekromosomes dzakasarudzwa. Somuenzaniso, vacheche vane trisomy 21 vane Down's syndrome.
Dzimwe nguva, chimwe chinhu chinoitika chinoguma nekuparara kwepamuviri kusina chokuita nema chromosomes. Somuenzaniso, kana pane zvinetso ne-placenta, njodzi yekuparara pamuviri inowedzera. Yeuka kuti mwana anoda placenta kuti agamuchire ropa raamai.
Heano zvimwe zvimwe zvinokonzera kupererwa pamuviri mukati mekutanga kwekutatu:
- kusvuta
- kuneta
- kushandiswa kwemishonga isina kukodzera
- kushandisa doro
Chechipiri yekutatura kunze
Kunyange zvazvo kukanganisa kwakawanda kunowanzoitika mukati mekutanga kwetatu, kuora mwoyo kunowanikwawo mukati mepiri yechipiri.
Heano zvimwe zvikonzero nei kusava nepamuviri kuchiitika munguva yechipiri chemiriri:
- chirwere cheshuga
- kidyo chirwere
- lupus
- hormone zvinetso
- zvirwere
- zvokudya zvakanyanya zvinouraya
- kuora mwoyo chibereko chechivi
- fibroids
Ndapota cherechedza kuti zvinhu izvi zvinongova pangozi chete. Mune mamwe mazwi, havasi mukadzi wose ane chirwere cheshuga ane hupombwe.
Pakupedzisira, vanhu vazhinji vakarembera havazombozivi kuti nei vaine imwe. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti pave nechinetso chokuparara.
Sources:
Al-Hassan, S., A. Hellani, A. Shah-Shahrani, M. Al-Deery, K. Jaroudi1 uye S. Coskun. "Mbeu Chromosomal Kusagadzikana Muvarwere Vine Zvisina Kufanotaurwa Kubvisa Kubvisa Mimba." Maitiro eBiology muMishonga Inobereka 2005, Vol. 51, Nha. 1, Mapeji 69-76.
Egozcue, S., J. Blanco, JM Vendrell, F. García, A. Veigad, B. Aran, PN Barri, F. Vidal uye J. Egozcue. "Kushushikana kwevarume vevanhu: chromosome anomalies, zvinetso zvekushaya maitiro, spermatozoa isina kukodzera uye kubvisa pamuviri." Kuberekwa Kwevanhu Kuvandudza, Vol.6, No.1 pp.93-105, 2000.
Hassold, Terry, Heather Hall uye Patricia Hunt. "Kubva kwevanhu vane aneuploidy: kwatakambove, kwatinoenda." Human Molecular Genetics 2007 16 (R2): R203-R208; doi: 10.1093 / hmg / ddm243.
Zuva, Fei, Evelyn Ko uye Renee H. Martin. "Kune hukama huripo pakati pevarume chromosome kusagadzikana uye sperm morphology?" Biro Reproductive uye Endocrinology 2006, 4: 1doi: 10.1186 / 1477-7827-4-1.
Zini, Armand, naJamie Libman. "Mbeu DNA inokanganisa: kliniki inorehwa munguva yekubatsira kubereka." CMAJ • August 29, 2006; 175 (5).