Kune vakadzi vakawanda vane pamuviri, kuziva kuti zvepabonde zvemucheche wavo pa ultrasound ndezvekuda kuziva kupfuura zvinodiwa. Asi kune vamwe vakadzi vane pamuviri vanodzidza nezvepabonde rekuberekwa kwavo zvinokosha zvikuru, kunyanya kana vari kufunga nezvekuedza kusinganzwisisiki kwechirume chepabonde-chinokonzerwa neDuchenne muscular dystrophy kana hemophilia.
Paunenge uine pamuviri, iwe pachako unogona kunge uine imwe kana maviri yechiitiro chekuwedzera . Iwe unogona kuva nezvakawanda kana chiremba wako achifunga kuti anoratidzwa. Kunze kweimwe mamiriro ezvinhu akasuruvara, kuwedzera kwepabonde kusati kwaitwa zvisingaiti zvakananga kungotarisa zvepabonde yepabonde .
Yeuka, mwana ane hutano ndiye chinangwa chako chikuru uye chikonzero chaiicho chekurera mwana isati yasara ndechekubatsira kuve nechokwadi kuti unozadzisa chinangwa ichocho. Hezvino izvo izvo ultrasound zvingaita sezvikamu zvakasiyana kana iwe uchitakura mukomana.
Pakutanga Ultrasound: Izvo Zvose Nezvengirozi
Kuva ne-ultrasound pakati pemasvondo 11 kusvika ku14 kunowanzoitika. An ultrasound panguva ino yekuita basa ichabatsira kusimbisa zuva rako rakakodzera, uye iri chikamu chekuongorora kuongororwa kwenjodzi (ERA) kwechirwere chromosomal, yakadai seA Down syndrome. Iyo nyanzvi ye ultrasound ichayera panga mushure me fetal neck. Vose mukomana nemusikana musikana vane ichi chinokonzera nzvimbo. Kana kuwanda kwemukana wekutengesa nuchal kunopfuura 3.5 mm inosanganiswa nehuwandu hwehutachiwana hweA Down syndrome.
Pazera remakore rino , iwe haugoni kusiyanisa pakati pevarume pa ultrasound. Chikamu chemucheche chiri kukura kuva machechi emuchechi kana mukomana mutsara inonzi chirwere chebonde. Icho chinotarisa kuti nzira iyo chibereko chebonde chinoumba muchirume chemukomana wemukomana chakasiyana nekushandurwa kwaro kupinda mu clitoris yemusikana wemusikana.
Zviwanikwa kubva pa11 kusvika ku14-Mavhiki Svondosi Inokurudzira Mukomana
Nekutarisa pamakona ekutakura kwebonde, zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa pakati pemukomana nemusikana wemusikana. Asi yeuka, ichi kazhinji hachisi chikamu chekugara kwechirongwa chechirwere panguva iyi yegwere. Iyo nyanzvi ye ultrasound inoda kutarisa humwe humwe humwe humwe hunoonekwa hwemucheche unenge uchiri kusimuka kuitira kuti uone ino. Havazi vese vadzidzisi vanonzwa vakasununguka nekuita zviyero izvi nekusimbisa mukomana wemukomana.
Kugadzirisa Nhanho: Chii Chinodiwa Kuitika Kuti Uite Mukomana
Zvakawanda zvakaitika nenguva iyo mwana wako mucheche anosvika mavhiki gumi nematanhatu. Kunyangwe isati yasvika kubatwa kwepabonde kunowedzera mukomana, zviitiko zvinosvika pakugadzira kukura kweizvi mukomana anozivikanwa-iyo penis, scrotum, uye testicles.
Zviri pachena kuti danho rokutanga pakuva mukomana rinotanga nekudyarwa kweii yako nehuta ine Y chromosome. Iyo SRY gene kana nzvimbo yekugadzirisa zvepabonde kune Y chromosome inogadzira kuti maronda achakura. Pamasvondo matanhatu, mapepa epakutanga ekutanga anosunungura chinhu chinodzivirira hutano hwevakadzi. Nevhiki mapfumbamwe, testosterone inobudiswa. Testosterone ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera mahomoni mune zvevarume uye inofanirwa kuenderera mberi kwekuberekwa kwekuberekwa kwezvikamu zvepabonde zvemukomana.
Pamasvondo 14 kusvika ku16, pasi pesimba re testosterone, mazamu emukomana wemukomana anotanga kuonekwa.
Kusimbisa Mazuva Ako
Haisi tsika yekuti ive ne ultrasound pamasvondo gumi nematanhatu, pasinei nemufananidzo.
Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva iwe wakanonoka kutarisirwa kusununguka kana kuti mazuva ako angave aripo uye iwe unopedzisira uri kure kupfuura iwe waifunga. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu aya, iwe unogona kunge uine vhiki gumi nematanhatu (kana kupfuura) panguva yekutanga yako ultrasound. Panguva ino, yakanyanyisa kunonoka kuongororwa kuongororwa kwenjodzi. Asi nyanzvi inotora zviyero zve fetus yako iyo inobatsira kusimbisa kana kusimbisa zuva rako rakakodzera.
Pamasvondo gumi nematanhatu, zvikamu zvose zvemukomana wako mucheche zvinoumbwa. Iyezvino fetal kukura inowedzera kukura.
Preterm Kuongorora Kungozi Yebasa: Cervix Length
Chimwe chikonzero iwe unogona kuva ne-ultrasound pamasvondo makumi matanhatu ndeyekutarisa urefu hwechirwere chako. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kana iwe wakapa mwana wepakutanga (vasati vagara masvondo makumi matatu nemaviri) musati waita pamuviri. Kusiyana neyechirwere chinotanga kuberekwa, iyi inonzi transvaginal ultrasound uye inongowanikwa chete kuti uyanze chibereko chako chechirwere.
Kunyange zvazvo isinganzwisisiki, tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti mhumbu yemurume inobatanidza nehuwandu hwehutano hwekutanga kwebasa. Saka, kana iwe une nhoroondo yekutangira kwekutanga uye iwe uri nepamuviri nemukomana, iva nechokwadi chekukurukurirana nezvechirwere chekare chekuongorora nechiremba wako.
Pamasvondo gumi nematanhatu, unogona kutanga kuona imwe nhengo yakanyatsorondedzerwa yepenis uye yakagadzirwa.
Anatomy Scan: Guru Rinoratidzira
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti une ultrasound pakati pemasvondo 18 kusvika ku20. Chinangwa chechi ultrasound ndechekuziva kuti mwana wako anenge arikukura arikudzidzira kazhinji. Iyi ultrasound inowanzonzi inotomy scan.
Izvo zvinoita iwe unogona kurongwa kuti uwane zvakakwana uye zvakakwana ultrasound. Iyi yakakosha ultrasound inowanzoti yezinga 2 ultrasound uye inogona kukurudzirwa Kana ukasangana nedzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira (asi zvechokwadi hazvirevi ku):
- Zera> 35
- Chirwere cheshuga
- Kutanga kusvitsa mamwe mishonga kana mishonga
- Ari nemapatya
- Itai kuti mhuri ive nhoroondo yekuberekwa kwekurwa kwemajeri sekuputsika kwemwoyo
Uye hongu, ino ndiyo nguva iyo ultrasound inogona kunyatsosimbisa kuti uri kuva nemukomana (kana akashanda).
Kuongorora paZvose Fetal Anatomy
Inotinha inotomy inenge yakawanda kupfuura kuwana penis.
Iyo ultrasonographer inotarisa zvakarongeka pamucheche wako kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti zvose zviri kukura zvakajairika. Ino ndiyo nguva iyo kuberekwa kusagadzikana kunowanikwa. Zvimwe zvekuzvarwa kusina kunaka kunowanika pane zvinowanzoitwa ultrasound zvinosanganisira:
- Congenital heart defects
- Club foot
- Cleft lip / palate
Iko-scan scan inogonawo kuona kusagadzikana kwemasarudzo akasiyana-siyana anogona kuwirirana neA Down syndrome, kunyanya kana zvinopfuura chimwe chezviwanikwa izvi zvinowanikwa pamagetsi ekuongorora. Aya mavara akareruka eArt syndrome anosanganisira:
- Echogenic bowel
- Echogenic intracardiac focus
- Short femur
- Pylectasis
Kamera Shy?
Kunze kwokunzwa kuti mwana wako anenge arikudzika ari kuwedzera kazhinji, kudzidza zvepabonde yemwana wako wakaberekwa ndeyechokwadi chinotarisirwa zvikuru pane chikamu chekuongorora.
Pamasvondo gumi nemana, penis uye zviputi zvakanyatsogadzirwa uye zvinowanzoonekwa nyore nyore. Chimwe chipingamupinyi chekuona kana iwe uine mukomana ndicho chimiro chemucheche muchibereko chako. Dzimwe nguva iyo ultrasonographer haikwanisi kuwana zvakanaka zvakakwana kupfurikidza kwepenis uye soprotum kuti tsanangudzo ichiti, "Mukomana!"
Kuwana "Money Shot"
Apo iyo ultrasonographer inowana kona yakarurama, kuona nzvimbo dzechikomana idzi zvakanaka.
Ichi chifananidzo chakanaka kuratidza maonero akanaka ekutsvaga kana mwana wako anenge ane mukomana kana musikana zvikamu. Zvakanaka, kutora nzvimbo kubva pasi, sekunge kuti mwana wako anenge akagara pachigaro, anopa maonero akanaka uye akajeka. Kana iwe uine mukomana, iwe uchaona peni uye chironga chiri pakati pekakomana kako kamakumbo.
Uye, kana kutora kwako kusina kuoma, iyi inogona kuva yako yekupedzisira ultrasound.
Mid-trimester Tsvaga
Kuva ne-ultrasound pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri hausi chikamu chekugara kwenguva isati yasara.
Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zviitiko apo iwe ungazviwana uine ultrasound panguva ino yekuita basa. Zvikonzero zvinowanzoita nei iwe ungave ne ultrasound pamasvondo makumi maviri nemashanu unosanganisira:
- Kutevera-up cervical urefu chekuongorora
- Tsvaga kumatoriro ako ekutengesa kana zvivako zvose zvisingakwanisi kuonekwa pamasvondo 18 kusvika ku20
- Kana iwe wakanyatsotanga kutarisira kutarisirwa, izvi zvingave iwe iwe kutanga unofambisa ultrasound.
Kana iwe uine cheki iyi isati yatsvaga, inokupa mukana wekutarisa kune avo mukomana zvikamu zvakare. Uye kana iwe uine rombo, zviri pachena kuti zvakakosha kuti uwane mupfuro.
Kuchengeta Kubata Kwakakosha
Chero hutachiona pashure pekupedzwa kwemaatomy scan haisi chikamu chekuita nguva dzose mushure mekurera.
Kazhinji, zvinoreva kuti pane chimwe chinhu chinonetsa kuve nemimba yako inoda kuteverwa. Zvichida une chirwere cheshuga kana kuwedzerwa kweropa, kana zvichida chimwe chinhu chakaonekwa pane yako yekuongorora scan inoda kuongororwa zvakare. Zvikonzero zvitatu zvepamusoro zvaunogona kudikanwa nekushandiswa kwemaawa panguva yechitatu yako mitatu zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwekutarisa pa:
- Fetal growth
- Placenta nzvimbo
- Amniotic fluid volume
Kugadzirisa nzira yako kuburikidza nekuzvitakura kwakaoma pamwe nezvose zvakawedzerwa kuongororwa nekugadzwa kunogona kushungurudza. Asi tarisiro kuwana imwe kutarisa kumwana wako mukomana kuchajekesa zuva rako.
Kubva kweZviedzo
Kubva kwema testes mukati memapato ndiyo chikamu chakakosha chekuvandudza kwemukomana wako mwana.
Icho chinetso chakaoma chinotanga apo mwana wako mucheche ane mavhiki gumi chete. Pakati pemasvondo gumi kusvika ku15, ma testes anotanga kubuda kunze kwemuviri wemucheche uye kunzvimbo umo nhengo dzepabonde dzechikomana dziri kuumba. Vanogara mu fetal pelvis kusvika masvondo anenge 26 kusvika ku35. Zvadaro, pasi pesimba re testosterone, ma testes anotanga kuenda kumucheto we fetal scrotum.
Pakave nemavhiki makumi maviri nematatu, ma testes akawira mumapfumbamwe makumi mapfumbamwe nezana emukomana.
Zvakare, zvizvarwa zvinopupurirwa zvachose zvinotarisirwa nezvakanaka zvekuberekwa kwe testosterone nemukomana wemukomana. Kana kuwanda kwe testosterone kusina kukwana kana kunetseka munzira ipi zvayo, chirwere chinonzi cryptorchidism (unccended testes) chinoguma.
Vanenge 3.4 muzana yevana vakaberekerwa vachiperekedzwa panguva ino vachava cryptorchidism. Zvisinei, kune uchapupu hunokosha uye hunovhiringidza hwokuti izvi zvinomarara zviri kuwedzera nekuda kwekutero utero kuratidzira endocrine kuvhiringidza makemikari.
Kuongorora Mu: Kutera kweAnenatal muTatu Trimester
Zvakare, kunyange zvazvo isiri chikamu chekugara uchiri kutarisirwa kusununguka, kuva ne-ultrasound mumavhiki mashomanana zuva rako risati rapera risati rajairika. An ultrasound akarayirwa panguva ino mukudzivirira inowanzova chikamu chehupenyu hwehupenyu -hutachiwana chaihwo hunoshandiswa kutarisa hutano hwakanaka.
Zvinonyanya kuti iwe uchawana zvishoma zvezvino izvo zviri pachena mukomana zvikamu panguva iyi ye-ultrasound. Ichi chifananidzo chinoratidza zvakajeka penis uye chinoputika, hapana dudziro inokosha.
Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya
Tariro, wakambofadzwa nekuona izvo kukura kwekakomana kako kakaita semasvondo akasiyana paunenge uine pamuviri. Uine pamuviri usina kuoma, iwe unogona kungoona zvishoma kana zviviri, saka izvi zvinyorwa zvekare zvinokupa humwe hutano mukukura kwake munzira.
Yeuka: Kuwedzera kuongororwa nokuti une hutachiwana hwekutengesa kwepamusoro ndiko kubatsira kutsigira kuti rwendo rwako rwemwedzi mipfumbamwe runoenda. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvinogona kunge zviri kushungurudza, mabhonasi aya anowedzera pamwana wako mukomana pa ultrasound inogona kuva chiyeuchidzo (kunyange zvazvo zvichida chisingadikanwi) chekuti nei kuongorora uku kwakakosha.
> Sources:
> Kukura kweHotal Male Gender: Prenatal Sonographic Kuyera kweStrotum uye Kuongorora kweTesticular Descent R. Achiron, O. Pinhas-Hamiel, Y. Zalel, Z. Rotstein uye S. Lipitz Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998; 11: 242-245
> Driscoll, DA, uye neChipatimendi Chekudzidzisa uye Chekutungamirira, SJ (2008). Kutanga-Kutarisa Utatu uye Kuchengetedza Kwemucheto Aneuploidy. Genetics muMishonga , 10 (1), 73-75. http://doi.org/10.1097/GIM.0b013e31815efde8
> Efrat, Z., Akinfenwa, OO naNicolaides, KH (1999), Kutanga kweTatu-Kutenda kweHotal Gender ne Ultrasound. Chirwere cheStysound Gynecol, 13: 305-307. doi: 10.1046 / j.1469-0705.1999.13050305.x
> Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Jean-Pierre Bourguignon, Linda C. Giudice, Russ Hauser, Gail S. Prins, Ana M. Soto, R. Thomas Zoeller, Andrea C. Gore; Endocrine-Kuvhiringidza Makemikari: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2009; 30 (4): 293-342. doi: 10.1210 / er.2009-0002
> Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. (2015, February 2). Migumisiro yeFotal Gender pangozi yekutanga kutanga. SayenziDaily . www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150202123708.htm
Mifananidzo yakasungwa naRobin Elise Weiss, PhD.