Yakaenzana uye Inoshamisa Yemapatya

Vabereki vakawanda vanoziva nemhando mbiri dzemapatya- fraternal ( dizygotic ) uye zvakafanana ( monozygotic ). Kunze kwezvinhu zvikuru zvakasarudzwa, pane zvimwe zvisinganzwisisi uye zvinonakidza zvemajini. Aya marudzi akasiyana uye asina kujairika emapatya angasawanzoonana.

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Akabatanidzwa Twine

Vakabatana mapatya ane monozygotic akawanda asingatauri zvakakwana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nekuda kwekuparadzana kwakakwana kweiyo fertilized ovum. Vanhu vacho vachabatanidzwa pane dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri uye vanogona kugovana maviri, nhengo, kana zvidimbu.

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Mababa Akaumbwa Akasarudzwa: Kuputika

Kazhinji apo mazai anogadzirwa, chiratidzo chemukadzi chinoparadzaniswa uye kuvhuvhuta kunoguma. Kazhinji, asi, zhi rinogona kusunungurwa apo mukadzi atova nepamuviri. Izvi zvinokonzera mapatya anogamuchirwa panguva dzakasiyana, iyo inozivikanwa sekusunungura .

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Mapatya Ane Vana Vakasiyana: Heteropateral Superfecundation

Fraternal (dizygotic) mapatya ndiwo mugumisiro wehuwandu hwemvura, kusunungurwa kwemazai akawanda muhumwe chete. Kufungidzirwa kunorondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu apo mazai anokurudzirwa nehumuviri kubva kune zvakasiyana zvekuita zvepabonde.

Mune imwe nyaya apo mukadzi anoita zvepabonde nevamwe vakasiyana, mapatya angave akasiyana nevabereki. Izwi rakakodzera nokuda kweizvi hukuru hwehu hteropater .

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"Hafu Yakananga" Twins: Polar Body Twins

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins inoguma apo mazai maviri anogadzirwa. Monozygotic (yakafanana) mapatya anobva kune imwe isina kubereka yai inoparadzaniswa. Asi zvakadini kana dhe rinoparadzanisa uye ipapo hafu imwe neimwe inosangana nemurume?

Icho chirevo chinorongedzerwa chemuviri we polar kana kuti "hafu-yakafanana" mapatya, mapatya ane zvakaenzana asi asiri zana rezana DNA mutsara. Kunyange zvazvo ichiita sechirevo chinonzwisisika, hapana chimiro chekutsanangurira kusimbisa polar body twinning .

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Mukomana / Musikana Wakafanana (Monozygotic) Twins

Zvakafanana (monozygotic) mapatya anogara ari ega. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokuti vanoita kubva kune imwe yygote inosanganisira murume (XY) kana mukadzi (XX) wekromosome yepabonde.

Zvisinei, pane zviitiko zvishoma zvichitaurirwa zviitiko zvema genetic mutation mumashure mababa apo rimwe twine rinorasikirwa neY chromosome uye rinokura semukadzi . Macheche echikadzi aizova neTterer's syndrome, inozivikanwa nekuita kwenguva pfupi uye kusimba kwekuvandudzwa kwemashizha.

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Mirror-Image Mapatya

Mirror-image mapatya ndiwo monozygotic-mapatya anogadzira kubva kune imwe isina kubereka. Apo kupatsanurwa kunoitika nguva dzekupedzisira-kupfuura kwevhiki mushure mekuberekwa-mababa acho anogona kukura zvakasara zvisiri izvo zvakagadzirwa.

Izwi iri harisi mhando yemapatya, nzira yekutsanangura maitiro avo chaiwo. Semuenzaniso, vangave vakarurama uye vari kuruboshwe , vane zvivako zvekuberekwa pamativi akasiyana-siyana emuviri wavo, kana kuti vane vhudzi vhudzi vanoputira mune zvakasiyana. Panofungidzira, kana mapatya akasangana mumwe nomumwe, aizoratidzika seakanyatsofungidzirana. Inenge 25 kubva muzana yemapatya akafanana igirazi-mufananidzo twins.

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Parasitic Twins

Zvinyorwa zvepasititi zvinoreva rudzi rwemapatya akabatana anowedzera asingagumi, ane zviduku, zviduku zvishoma zvakaderera pane zvakasimba, mapatya maviri. Imwe muenzaniso wakajeka ndeyeManar Maged uyo akazozivikanwa mushure mokunge aonekwa pane Oprah.

Kusiyana kwehutachiona hwepasisita "fetus mu fetu," umo masero akawanda asina kusimba emasero anowedzera mukati momuviri wayo wemamono. Inopona panguva yekuzvimba, uye kunyange pane imwe nguva mushure mekuberekwa, nekupinza zvakananga kuwedzerwa ropa kwomuviri wemapatya. Inogona kuwanikwa kunyange mukura.

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Semi-Identical Twins

Mapatya asina kufanana akafanana nerwendo rwenyoka rwakaratidzwa mumapatya maviri ane makore matatu muna 2007. Zvichitsanangurwa zvakafanana kune rumwe rutivi rwaamai asi kugovana hafu yeiwo mazita avo, majaya asingawanzo akabudirira apo huviri hwemumumvu hwakasungira mazai rimwe chete, izvo zvakaparadzana. Imwe mapatya isimudziro inokurudzirwa semukadzi, pamwe chete nemadziro emuviri uye mashizha, asi imwe yacho inowanzoita murume.

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Mababa Akasiyana Nezvokuzvarwa

Tsanangudzo yakawanda kupfuura dzose yemapatya ane mazuva akasiyana-siyana ekuberekwa ndeyekushanda uye kubhadhara kunotangira pamberi pakati peusiku pazuva rimwe uye kunopera mushure meawa inoshanduka zuva raitevera. Kana zuva iroro richiitika pamagumo emwedzi, kana kunyange paZuva reSvondo Idzva / Zuva, vana vaviri vanogona kunge vane mazuva ekuberekwa mumwedzi yakasiyana uye nemakore akasiyana.

Uyewo, dzimwe nguva pamuviri unowedzera kupa mwana mumwe nomumwe mukana wakanaka wekupona. Kana kutanga kwebasa kushanda kubereka kwechecheche, vanachiremba vanogona kubudirira kutonga basa uye kunonoka kutumira kupa mumwe mwana nguva yakawanda muchibereko. Mapatya nemazana akawandisa ave akaberekwa mazuva uye kunyange vhiki dzisiri.

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Mapatya Emarudzi Akasiyana

Heteropateral superfecundation inogona kutsanangura mamiriro ehama (dizygotic) mapatya ane kusiyana kwemadzinza. Mune imwe nguva, kuparadzaniswa kwakange kuripo nokuda kwebasa kusangana-up munguva ye-in vitro nenzira.

Zvisinei, muna 2005 muUnited Kingdom, vabereki vaviri vemarudzi vakaberekerwa vakomana vaviri (dizygotic) vaviri vakomana, Kian naRemee Hodgson. Zvinorondedzerwa se "imwe mumamiriyoni" zvinoitika, nyanzvi dzinotsanangura kuti vasikana vakagara nhaka dzakasiyana-siyana maitiro kubva kuvabereki vavo vakasiyana-siyana. Imwe yakachena-bvudzi uye yakanyorova-ganda apo imwe yacho ine bvudzi dema, maziso, uye ganda.