11 Mashoko Pamusoro pehama dzechipiri

Ruzhinji rwemapatya ndirwo mababa mapatya (mapatya anotarisa zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe). Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekubatana kwehama, kubva maitiro avanoita maitiro avanobatanidza kune mumwe nomumwe, uyewo kuti vanosiyana sei nemapatya akafanana .

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Vanokurudzira Kubva kune 2 Mavara Ega & Sperm

Vakadzi vemapatya mumwe nomumwe vanobva pazai ravo pachavo nemumhunyu. Izwi rei izvi dizygotic , asi zvakafanana mapatya ndiwo monozygotic . "Di" rinoreva maviri uye "mono" zvinoreva imwe. Zygotic inoreva zygote, iyo yai inoshandiswa nehurosi iyo ichakurira kuva embryo uye ikura kuva mwana. Monozygotic twins dzinobva kune rimwe chete uye chirume chinoparadzaniswa kuva maviri mushure mekuberekwa.

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Vanogona Kuva Vakasiyana Vevarume kana Izvo

Nemhaka yokuti mapatya ehama anobva pamagariro akasiyana, anogona kuva vakomana, vasikana, kana mumwe wega wega. Chromosomes kubva kuhupenyu hwababa hunoita hutano: XX kune musikana uye XY yemukomana. Somugumisiro, mikana yemapatya ehama inoita kuti vakomana, vasikana, kana kuti kusanganiswa zvive zvakafanana kune vamwe vana. (Monozygotic-identical-twins, kune rumwe rutivi, nguva dzose inhurume imwe chete, kana vaviri vasikana kana vaviri vakomana .)

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Ivo Vose Sezvakazvarwa Sezvakazvarwa Sezvimwe Chero Mamwe Mhuri

Kungofanana nedzimwe hama nehanzvadzi, mapatya ehama achagovera chikamu che50 muzana yeDNA yavo. Munhu mumwe nomumwe anogamuchira hafu yeDNA yavo kubva paii yamai uye imwe hafu kubva kuhupenyu hwababa, uye naizvozvo chero vana vaviri vachave nehumwe humwe hunoita humwe hutsika. Asi ivo havasi ivo vakakwana mazai emagetsi anofanana mapatya.

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Vanokwanisa kana kuti vangave vasina kutarisa uye vaite zvakafanana

Monozygotic twins dzinonzi "zvakafanana" nokuti dzinowanzova nemaitiro akafanana zvakafanana uye maitiro, anobva pakuti ivo vane DNA yakafanana.

Vakaberekwa mapatya, kune rumwe rutivi, vakafanana zvakafanana nevana vemunin'ina vaviri. Vanogona kutarisa zvakasiyana chaizvo. Vanogona kuva nemavhudzi akasiyana-siyana, ruvara rweziso, chimiro, uye hukama. Kana kuti, vangave vakafanana zvakadai zvokuti vanofungidzirwa kuti vakafanana, sekune vamwe vana vomunun'una vavo vaizove vasingazivikanwi, kana ivo chete vaiva yezera rimwe chete.

Mapatya nemawanda akaumbwa nemamiriro avo ezvinhu mushure mokuberekwa kwavo, uye kumwe kufanana kunowedzera nokuti vanosimudzirwa mumusha mumwe chete, vanogovana zvakafanana, uye vanodzidziswa mune zvikoro zvakafanana panguva imwe chete.

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Vane 2 Placentas

Panguva yekuzvitakura, placenta inopa zvokudya zvinokosha kumucheche. Mumatambudziko akawanda nemapatya ehama, placenta inowedzera kune mumwe mwana. Dzimwe nguva, kunyange zvakadaro, mapaundi maviri anobatana pamwe chete uye anoita seine rimwe chete. Sezvo mamwe monozygotic mapatya ane imwe placenta , izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kutsanangura zygosity mu utero. Nemhaka yokuti vane zviputi zvavo, mapatya ehama haasi pangozi yeimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa maono twine monozygotic, zvakadai seTTTS kana kuti monoamniotic twins .

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Vanogona Kudzika Mumhuri

Vakaberekwa mapatya vanowanikwa kana maawa anopfuura ega anogadzirwa. Kazhinji, rimwe diki rinosunungurwa kubva mumavhizha mumwedzi wega wega, asi dzimwe nguva kune anopfuura imwe. Vamwe vakadzi vanosunungura mazai akawanda mumakumbo ose, chirwere chinonzi hyperovulation. Vakadzi vane hyperovulate vanowanzova nemapatya ehama.

Chimiro chekunyengedzera kunogona kuva chimiro chechimiro. Nenzira iyi, twinning rehama inogona kuva nhaka . Mukadzi ane geni rekunyengedzera anogona kuupfuurira kumwanasikana wake. Zvadaro, mikana yemwanasikana wekuva nemapatya yakawedzerwa.

Nokuti varume vanotakura zvose zvechiX (vakadzi) uye Y (varume), vanogonawo kubata chiitiko chekunyengedzera uye kuchipfuura pamwe nevanasikana vavo, kuwedzera mikana yavo yekuwana mababa mapatya.

Zvisinei, kuva nejeni rekuda kufanana hakuwedzeri mikana yevanhu yekubereka mababa mapatya. Murume anotakura geni, asi haishanduki muenzaniso weivulation weamai vevana vake. Ane majee ega anorongedza kuvepa kwake. Pane kudaro, ingadai iri mwanasikana wake anowana nhaka kuburikidza nemajeni ake. Ndokusaka mapatya dzimwe nguva anofungidzirwa "kutsika chizvarwa."

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Vanogona Kuumbwa Panguva Yakasiyana Uye Nevamwe Vanababa

Kazhinji, rimwe diki rinosunungurwa munguva yehuvhu. Asi mumamiriro ekurwara, mazai akawanda anonunurwa. Dzimwe nguva zvinowanzoitika nekanguva kwemazuva mashoma mukati. Mushure mokunge imwe yei inoshandiswa uye inotanga kuenda kumuviri wekugadziriswa, imwe mazai inogadzirwa nemurume kubva pane chimwe chiitiko chekuita zvepabonde. Mhedzisiro ishamwari dzakanaka dzinobata pamuviri mazuva mashoma. Ichi chinoshamisa chinozivikanwa sekuti superfetation .

Iko kwakatove pane mamiriro emapatya emadzimai akasiyana namadzibaba. Izvi zvinoitika kana mukadzi achibudisa mazai akawanda uye anoita zvepabonde nevanopfuura mumwe chete. Kana yei inobatanidzwa nemunhu kubva kune mumwe murume, uye imwe imwe mazai inoshandiswa nemurume kubva kune mumwe murume, mugumisiro unobatana namababa ane mababa akasiyana . Ichi chinonzi chinonzi superfecundation.

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Fraternal Twinning Rates Inosvika Pasi Pose

Vadzidzi vehurumende vakaratidza kuti mamwe mapoka evanhu ane mapatya kakawanda, asi mapatya haawanzove pakati pemamwe mapoka. Chirongwa chegore ra2011 chakaratidza kuti purogiramu yepamusoro yepiniti yakawanikwa muCentral African populations, pamwe nenyika yeBenin ichibudisa mapatya akawanda. Asia neLatin America dzaive nemari yakaderera zvikuru yejinini.

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Zvinogona Kuva Migumisiro Yezvibereko Zvokubereka

Sezvo teknolojia yezvokurapa yakaita kuti kurapa kunobatsira kuwedzerwa kufanirwa kupfurikidza, kuwedzera kwemafa maviri kwakapararira mukati mekupedzisira kwezana remakore rechi20. Kurapa kwehutano, zvisinei nemishonga yakadai seClomid kana nzira dzakadai se-in vitro fertilization ( IVF ), dzimwe nguva dzinobereka mapatya kana kuwanda, uye vazhinji vevakazvarwa vakawanda vari dizygotic. Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu emonozygotic twinning anoitika mu IVF.

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Kuberekwa Kwezvinhu Kunogona Kukonzera Fraternal Twins

Mababa akabatwa nehutano hwako uye maitiro panguva yekuzvitakura. Kunyange zvazvo hama dzisina mapatya dzichava nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekudzivirira pamuviri, mapatya ako ehama anogona kuwedzera kana kupera kwehutano hwehutano nekuda kwekuita mimba.

Kuva nepamuviri nemapatya kunowedzera zvaunoda pamuviri wako zvichienzaniswa nekutora pamuviri we singleton. Iwe une dambudziko guru rokutakura-kunokonzerwa nehutachiona, preeclampsia, gestational chirwere cheshuga, nezvimwe zvinetso. Kunewo humwe huri nani hwekuzvarwa nguva isati yasvika, uye mapatya ehama, pamwe chete nemapatya akafanana, angagoverana dambudziko iri.

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Vanogona Kuguma Kubva Muzviitiko Zvizhinji

Zvizhinji zvezvikonzero zvinoita kuti vana vakaberekwa vakawanda vabatane twinning. Ichi ndechokuti izvi zvinogona kukurudzira huwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura, zvichiita kuti kusunungurwa kwemaawa akawanda pahutano uye kuwedzera mikana yekuve nemapatya .

Heredity, makore ekuberekwa, vana vangani vawakabereka, kuva kureba, uye kuva nepamusoro-soro mashizha emuviri zvose zvinosanganiswa nehuwandu hwekuva nemapatya ehama. Kune utera husina simba hunosangana nekushandisa kuberekwa kuzvironga mapiritsi , folic acid, uye mwaka wegore. Zvinhu izvi hazviwedzeri mikana yekuve nemapatya akafanana.

Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya

Mapatya ako ehama achagovera zvinhu zvakawanda muupenyu hwavo hwose mushure mokunge uchitanga panguva yekudzivirira kumwechete. Farira kufanana kwavo nekusiyana sezvavanokura. Nezviitiko izvi, iwe uchakwanisa kuvaudza nezvekuti ivo vakasiyana sei.

> Sources:

> Akinboro A, Azeez MA, Bakare AA. Kakawanda kwemajenya kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweNigeria. Indian J Hum Genet . 2008 May-Aug; 14 (2): 41-47.

> American College of Obstetrics uye Gynecologists. (July 2015). Inowanzobvunzwa mibvunzo: Kubata pamuviri.

> Hoekstra C et al. Dizygotic twinning. Hum Kudzorerwa . 2008 Jan-Feb; 14 (1): 37-47

> Hoekstra C, Willemsen G, van Beijsterveldt CE, Lambalk CB, Montgomery GW, Boomsma DI. Muviri wakagadzirwa, kusvuta, uye zvinokonzera dizygotic twinning. Fertil Steril 2010 Feb; 93 (3): 885-93.

> Online Mendelian Inheritance muMunhu (OMIM): An Catalog In Online of Human Gene and Genetic Disorders. (June 2016). Twinning, Dyzygotic.