Dzidza Sei uye Sei Mabheji Akaita
Pano pane mystique inobatanidza nevakawanda. Twine uye dzakawanda ndizvo zvinotarisirwa zvikuru uye kufungisisa. Kunyange zvazvo vakave vakawanzana mumazera achangopfuura, ivo vachiri chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki. Kune mumwe nomumwe wezana vanhu vamunosangana navo, vatatu bedzi vachave mapatya, uye vashomanana vanogona kutora kuti vane hutatu kana huwandu hwehuwandu hwakawanda.
Nemhaka yekushaiwa kwavo, kune zvakawanda zvisinganzwisisiki pamusoro pavo. Imwe yekusanzwisisana kunonyanya kukanganisa ndiyo iyo inokonzera mapatya nemawanda.
Aina dze Twins
Hasi dzose twinning inogona kuonekwa kune chimwe chinhu chinokonzera. Kuti unzwisise zvinokonzera mapatya, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kune maviri mapoka emapatya, anosarudzwa ne zygosity . Dzinosanganisira:
- Monozygotic yakawanda inowanikwa kubva kune imwe yygote (inoberekwa mazai) inoparadzanisa mushure mekuberekwa. Monozygotic twins zvinowanzozivikanwa semasvondo akafanana nokuti anobva kune rimwe chete / mazai emuviri uye anogovana zvakafanana mazita ehutachiona, naizvozvo anowanzoita zvakafanana uye anogovana akawanda emamwe maitiro. Monozygotic twins inogara iine humwe hutano (ine zvishoma kwazvo, zvisingawanzodi, zvisizvo ).
- Dizygotic kana kuti multizygotic, yakawanda inoumba kubva kune maviri kana kupfuura zygotes, ayo akaparadzana mazai akashandiswa nega ega inonzi inoparadzaniswa. Dizygotic twins inowanzozivikanwa sehama dzehama . Nehumwe humwe humwe hwakasiyana-siyana hwemajini, vane maitiro akafanana ehutano sevamwe vana vemunin'ina asi vanogovera chibereko munguva yekuita gumbo. Dizygotic twins anogona kuva vakomana, vasikana, kana kusanganiswa.
Nzira Yekubereka
Munguva yemazuva ose evhu, hovha imwe chete (kana oocyte ) inosunungurwa kubva kumapiro evanhukadzi. Kana mazai akabatanidzwa nemurume kubva pabonde panguva yepabonde, zygote inoguma inofamba ichienda kumuviri wechikadzi, kugovana uye kudzokorora kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwemasosis, iyo ichasimudza uye ichikura mumucheche uye pakupedzisira fetus.
Iyo Dizygotic (Fraternal) Mapatya Form
Dzimwe nguva, maawa anopfuura rimwe anosunungurwa munguva yehuvhu. Kana mazai maviri akashandiswa panguva yepabonde uye zvose zviri zviviri zvichibudirira mukati mechibereko, mhedzisiro ndeyekuzvitakura kakawanda. Kana huwandu hwemaawa maviri hukasunungurwa, hurimwa, uye huripo, chigumisiro chacho chinowanzoita ma multizygotic multiples, mapepa akakwirira akadai sezvikamu zvitatu (3), quadruplets (4), quintuplets (5), zvinyorwa (6), septuplets (7), mactuplets (8), kana kupfuura, kunyange zvazvo zvisingaverengeki kupfuura zvisikwa zvisingambozivikanwi kuti zvivepo.
Zvinokonzera Dizygotic (Zvizvarwa) Mapatya
Dizygotic kana mababa mapatya anoumba nenzira imwechete iyo vanhu vose vanoita, nekubatana kwehuta nehai. Tsanangudzo yewaini inonzi dizygotic twinning iri mumusana wehuwandu hwehuwandu, iyo ndiyo kusunungurwa kwemaawa anopfuura imwe muhupenyu hwehuputi. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutsvaga uye imwechete kana kuwirirana kwezvinhu zvinogona kuonekwa sechikonzero chemapatya ehama.
Zviitiko muHyperovulation
Mahomoni anodzora nzira yekurovora. Kazhinji, vanoratidza kuti muviri unosunungura mazai ega, asi dzimwe nguva inotanga kusunungurwa kwemaawa maviri kana kupfuura. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yehomoni uye zvinokurudzira izvi zvinotevera:
- Kurega kushandiswa kwekuberekwa kwepiritsi mapiritsi kana kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekuberekwa kwepiritsi
- Kuberekwa
- Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvakadai seClomid
- Kuwedzera muviri, kunotsanangurwa sevakadzi vane BMI inopfuura makumi matatu, sezvimwe zvipfeko zvinowedzera mafuta zvinowedzera mazinga eesrogen
Zvimwe Zviitiko muHyperovulation
Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinofungidzirwa kuti zviite huwandu hwehuwandu hwevakadzi uye zvinokonzera mapatya, akadai se:
- Genetics : Vamwe vakadzi vanogona kungoerekana vaine simba uye pane chaizvoizvo geni rinoita kuti vadaro. Kunyange zvazvo vose varume nevakadzi vachitakura geni, vakadzi chete ndivo vanovhura, saka mukadzi ane geni iyo hyperovulates inogona kuva nemapatya ehama. Mumwe murume ane geni haazove akave nemapatya, asi anogona kupfuudza mararamiro kumwanasikana wake, uye pamwe angave akafanirwa kuva nemapatya.
- Nhoroondo yemhuri: Vakadzi vane mimba uye vakatakura vana vanoverengeka vangave vangave vaine mababa. Kunyange zvazvo kutapurirwa kwepakutanga kusingaiti kukanganisa kana kukonzera mapatya, zvinogoneka kuti chizvaro chaamai chiri kungogamuchira vaeni pakuchengetedza pamuviri maviri.
- Maternal age: Sezvaunokura, iwe unogona kunge uchida kurwara. Zvichida ndiyo miedzo yomuviri yakakurumidza kubereka nguva isati yasvika. Vakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi matatu vanowanzova nemapatya, uye mukana unowedzera kunyange kana mushure mezera remakore makumi matatu nemashanu.
- Kuremekedzwa : Vakadzi vashoma vane yepamusoro kudarika kuwirirana kwemaviri ane mimba. Zvikonzero hazvisi kunyanya kujeka, asi zvichida ndezvokuti kukwirira kwakakwirira kunobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekudya, kana humwe hurefu hunopa humwe nzvimbo muchizvaro, zvichiita kuti pamuviri mitezo inowanzobudirira.
- Mhangemutange : Vakadzi vekuAfrica vanoberekera nhamba yakakwirira yemapatya kupfuura vakadzi vekuAsia.
- Zvokudya : Marefu emapatya ave akawanikwa mumitambo umo kudya kunowedzera mune rudzi rwemama ane phytoestrogen. Chimwe muenzaniso nderudzi rweYoruba muNigeria, iro rine mazinga akawandisa emapatya evanhu vose munyika.
Zvinokonzera Monozygotic (Yakafanana) Twins
Zvimwe zvinokonzera kufanana twinning zvakawanda hazvina kumira. Hapana tsanangudzo yakajeka inopiwa nesayenzi. Dhiyabhorosi nezvemonozygotic twins muvanhu vanoratidzira kuti muwandu unowanzosimbarara kune vanhu vakawanda uye nguva. Hapana nheyo chaiyo yakave yakasimbiswa sekuti chikonzero cheii inobereka inoparadzanisa uye inokura mumamaviri maviri.
Sezvo teknolojia inowedzera, masayendisiti vari kuswedera pedyo kuwana mhinduro. Chimwe chekudzidza muna 2007 chakashandiswa pakombiyuta purogiramu yepamusoro kuti inotora mifananidzo yemambryo ichikura uye yakawana kuti embryo inonyangarika, inoparadzanisa masero emagetsi muhafu uye ichivadzamura mumasero maviri ezvinyorwa zvinogadzira sevana vaviri vakasiyana.
Kunyange zvazvo kuwanikwa kwaikosha, zvakanga zvisingarevi chikonzero chekuparadzana kana kutsanangura kuti nei zvakafanana mapatya achiitika. Hapana hutachiona hunobatanidza hunoonekwa. Dzimwe dzidziso dzave dzakarongedzwa asi dzisina kusimbiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- An enzyme muhuta
- Kushandura mumasero e blastocyst
- Zera reii mushure mekuvhara
Mamwe mapatya anowanzoonekwa seasina uye asina kutsanangurwa. Chakavanzika chikamu chemashiripiti avo uye zvinyorwa zvangu.
Zvirwere Zvokurapa uye Twins
Kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kwekuberekwa kwekubereka kunove kwakaguma nekuwedzera mune mapatya maviri ekuberekwa. Kuwedzera kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka uye majekiseni zvinobatsira kushaya hyperovulation uye zvinogona kukonzera dizygotic twins. Artificial insemination (IUI kurapwa) haisi kuwedzera chiyero chemapatya asi kazhinji inowirirana netsika yezvinodhaka zvinowedzera kubereka zvinodaro.
IVF mishonga (in vitro fertilization) inogonawo kukonzera mapatya ehama. Iro kurapwa kunosanganisira kutora mazamu (s), kana mazai akaberekwa, kusvika mudumbu raamai. Kakawanda kaviri kana mamwe mazai anoshandiswa kuti awedzere mikana yekubudirira kwekuguma, dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuwanda.
Kazhinji, zvipatara zvinobereka hazvibvunzwi sechikonzero chemapatya akafanana. Zvisinei, chiyero chemonozygotic twinning chinonyanya kukwirira pakati pekudzivirira kunobudiswa nekubatsira kubereka, kunyanya mu IVF mamiriro ezvinhu apo mucheche unogadzirwa kunze kwechizvaro uye wotamirwa kuna amai. Zvisinei, semafungiro ezvisikwa zvemonozygotic mapatya, zvikonzero hazvinyatsonzwisiswi.