An oocyte iri mazai mashoma (an ovum isina kufanana). Oocytes inokura kusvika pakukura kubva mukati mehutano. Iyi follicles inowanikwa mune imwe nheyo yeivoi. Panguva imwe neimwe yekubereka , mapurogramu akawanda anotanga kukura.
Kazhinji, oocyte imwe chete yega yega yega inenge yava mazai akakura uye inotorwa kubva muhupenzi wayo. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa seyvulation .
Mukadzi anoberekwa ane maoocyte ose aanozove nawo. Nhamba iyi inoderedza zvisikwa nemakore . Zera rinoderedzawo mararamiro uye hutano hwehutano hweoocytes. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakaoma kutora pamuviri mushure memakumi matatu nemaviri .
Chizivo chakazara zvakakwana chinoonekwa kune ziso revanhu, zvichienzanisa 0,1 mm. Icho chiri chekukura kwemazuva ekuguma kwemutsara uyu.
Kuita zvinodhaka zvinogona kuwedzera nhamba yeoocytes iri kukura uye obuladza mazai akakura. Ichi ndicho chinokonzera njodzi yakakwirira yekuwanda kwepamuviri kana kutora mishonga yekuberekwa. Pamusoro pemiti yose yakagadziriswa, pane imwe nguva inogona kuve yakasimwa nemunhu wemiviri. Aya ova anogadzirwa anokwanisa kuva embryo (uye, pakupedzisira, kana zvose zvichifamba zvakanaka, vana.)
Penguva yekurapa , chiremba achaendesa ultrasound kuti aone kupera kwemapurisa. Ikoji yekusasa inowanzoitikawo, asi oocyte kusasisa haisi kuonekwa pa ultrasound. Ichi ndicho chikonzero upamhi hunoonekwa uye huri oocyte kukura.
Kana zvipembenene zvakawanda zvakakura, chirwere chako chekurapa chinogona kubviswa kuti udzivirire njodzi yekuwanda kwepamuviri kana ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) .
Munguva yeVIV , kana ultrasound kutarisa haina kuratidza zvakakwana follicle kukura-izvo zvinoreva kuti hazvikwanisi maoocyte ari kukura-mhirizhonga inogona kubviswa kuti isaporera kurapa.
Alternative spellings : oocyte, ovocyte, ocyte.
Nhanho dzeOocyte
Oogenesis ndiyo iyo oocyte inofamba nayo sezvo ichikura mumhutu wakakura.
Iwe unogona kufunga kuti oogenesis inowanikwa pane imwe mwedzi kubva ipapo iyo ndiyo nguva yakawanda iwe unofunga. Asi iwe unenge wakakanganisa!
Kunyange zvazvo ichokwadi kuti mazai chero ipi zvayo akavharwa anozadzisa oogenesis mushandi mwedzi wacho inosunungurwa kubva muhuvhuro, kukura maoocyte yakatanga nzira usati waberekwa.
Chaizvoizvo, yakatanga pawakanga uchiri muduku mucheche.
Aya ndiwo matanho ekukura kweoocyte.
Primordial Germ Cell
Mutsara we "mbeu" weoocyte imwe neimwe ndiyo inotakura girasi remajekiti.
Aya ndiwo masero emakristoni ayo anozopedzisira ave masero kana maoocyte masero.
Muchikamu chinenge chichiri kuwedzera, masero aya anotamira munzvimbo iyo ichazopedzisira yava ye testis kana mazai (anozivikanwawo segonads).
(Nyaya inofadza inowanikwa: Tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti dzimwe dzemaawa ekutanga oocyte masero anowanikwa mune mazai evanhukadzi vakuru • Pangave nenzira mune ramangwana kutora masero aya emasero uye kugadzira maoocyte matsva Izvi zvinoreva kuti vakadzi havachazovezve inogumira kumazai avakaberekerwa nawo.)
Oogonium
Kana imwe nguva iyo yakawanda gorosi inosvika mumagonads, inoshandiswa nemasero akapoteredza kuti ave oogonium .
(Kana, muchizhinji, oogonia .)
Oogonia ine diploid masero . Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane maviri (di) akazara masero echromosomes. Mukati memunhu, iyi ndeye 23 mapaundi kana makumi mana.
Ichi chinhu chinokosha kuziva nokuti oocyte ichapedzisira yava nehafu kana 23 chromosomes. (Munguva yekudywa, ichawana imwe 23 kubva kumunhu weshure kuti ive yakakwana zvakare.)
Mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga kwekurera, utachiona hwe oogonium huchiwedzera nhamba kuburikidza nehutano hunonzi mitotic cell division .
Meiosis yakasiyana nemasero emagetsi. Iyo inongowanikwa mudiki mazai nemasero emadhi.
Muzvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa mumasero-izvo zvinonzi meiosis-masero anodhindwa nekugadzira clones pachawo, imwe neimwe ine zvizere zvekromosomes.
Semuenzaniso, rimwe ganda reganda rinoshandisa mitosis rinozopedzisira rinotungamirira kumasero maviri eganda, ane maitiro ezvinyorwa zvakafanana.
Pakati pemitotic cell division, oogonium inoparadzaniswa mumasero maviri akasiyana ane:
- Hafu yechromosomal yakagadzirirwa: mune mamwe mazwi, ine 23 chromosomes chete. (Aya anozivikanwa se haploid masero.)
- Yakasiyana-siyana chromosomal seti: kila oogonium inoparadzanisa inoita masero mashoma ehanzvadzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana mumwe oogonium anogovana zvakafanana chromosomal makeup seumwe.
Iyi mitotic kupatsana ndechikonzero nei hupenyu hupi hutsva hwakave nehutano husingaenzaniswi hunoita-hwakasiyana nevamwe.
Zvisinei, hazvisi zvachose zvakashata. Izvo zvose zvinobva pazvisikwa zvepakutanga mazai embryo inogamuchirwa kubva kuna baba naamai vavo.
Aya masero anoenderera mberi achiwanda kusvikira asvika pakakwirira. Nhamba yacho inowanikwa apo mwana anenge ari kufambira mberi anenge ane mwedzi mitanhatu-pamwe chete.
Panguva ino, musikana uyu anonzi ane oocytes mamiriyoni manomwe.
Iyi nhamba ichazotanga kuderera mushure meyi pfungwa. Pakuberekwa, mwana musikana ane maoocyte 2 mamiriyoni chete akasiyiwa.
Primary Oocyte
Maoocyte ega ega achaenda kuburikidza nemaviri akasiyana-siyana meiotic cell divisions vasati vashandurwa. Meiotic cell division inotungamirira pakukura nekukura kweoocyte, uye kwete maoocyte.
Kusvikira kumagumo ekukura kwepabonde, maoocyte anoramba achiwedzera muwandu uye anotanga kukura mumwe nomumwe.
Panguva ino, vanopinda nepamuviri wekutanga unyanzvi. Izvi zvinokonzera kukura maoocyte-kwete maoocytes akawanda-akaita zvinoitika ne oogonium.
Asi havangokurumidza kukura kubudirira kusvika pakukura iye zvino.
Iko maoocytes ekutanga anozadza mukukura kwavo uye inoramba yakanyongedzwa kusvikira mahomoni ekuberekesa anotanga danho rinotevera.
Oogenesis ichaenderera mberi pazera remakore.
Secondary Oocyte
Kuberekwa kunotanga-kunotanga danho rinotevera re oocyte kukura.
Haasi maoocyte ose achaenda kuburikidza nezvikamu zvekare zvekugadzira oocyte pamwe chete, hongu. Vanonyanya kutendeuka pamusoro pemakore ekuberekwa kwemukadzi. Mwedzi woga woga, chigadzirwa chitsva chema oocyte chekutanga chinotanga kukura.
Kana imwe nguva maoocyte ekutanga akanganiswa nemahomoni ekubereka, inopedza chirongwa chekutanga chemuviri wechinhu chinokanganisa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se oocyte kusimwa .
Pamagumo emutambo uyu wekutanga weeiotic cell division, sero rinoparadzaniswa kuva masero maviri akaparadzana: kamuviri kadiki kechipiri uye maoocyte makuru echipiri.
Ikoko muviri wakawanda wemapurisa unozoguma uchingopera.
Oocyte yechipiri inotanga danho rinotevera rekutsvaga.
Ootid
Ioocyte ikozvino inotanga chikamu chechipiri chemiitiro inoshandiswa.
Pakupedzisira, oocyte yechipiri ichaparadzaniswa zvakare mumasero maviri akaparadzana: rimwe duku rema body body uye imwe huru yakakura.
Iyi sero huru yakakura inozivikanwa se ootid.
Sezvakaitika kare, zviduku zvishoma zvema polar body zvichazoguma zvichinyangarika.
Ovulation inowanzoitika apo oocyte yasvika pachikwata che ootid chekusimudzirwa.
Ovum
Panguva yeivulation, an ootid inosunungurwa kubva ku follicle.
Mazai evanhu evanhu havagoni kufamba ari oga. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvigunwe-zvigunwe zvakafanana zvinotora oocyte uye kupinda mu fallopian tube .
Kana uchinge uri mukati mumiririri, mvere dzembudzi-dzakafanana nemarangariro anozivikanwa seCilia anoenderera mberi kutora ootid pamwe chete.
Mune hutachipiyumu tube, kana pamuviri zvichiitika, ootid inoberekedzwa nehutachiona.
Kamwe kamuna iyi ichinge yaita, ootid inopinda nepakati yekupedzisira yekusimwa uye inova ovum, yakakwana yakakwana yeii masero.
Ndizvozvo; iyo oocyte haikwanisi kupedzisa huwandu hwayo huri kunze kwekumwa.
Kubvira kuOocyte kuenda kuOvum kusvika kuZygote
Munguva yekudyara, mazamu uye chirume chemajeri chekubatanidza, imwe neimwe ine 23 chromosomes imwe neimwe.
Asi nekukurumidza (asi kwete panguva chaiyo yekumera), idzi chromosomes dzinosangana pamwe chete, zvichigadzira sero idzva necheti yakazara yekromosomes.
Iyi sero itsva inonzi zygote .
Iyo zygote ichakurira kuva embryo uye, anenge anenge mapfumbamwe gare gare, mwana achangoberekwa.
Sources:
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology yeChechi. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26842/
Grudzinskas, Jurgis Gedimina; Yovich, JL Gametes - The Oocyte . Cambridge Ongororo muvanhu Kuberekwa. 1 edition, 1995. Mapeji 9 kusvika ku10.
Yakachena YA1, Woods DC, Takai Y, Ishihara O, Seki H, Tilly JL. "Oocyte yakagadzirwa nemaitiro emagetsi anogadzirisa anonatswa kubva kumapapiro emadzimai ekuzvarwa." Nat Med. 2012 Feb 26; 18 (3): 413-21. doi: 10.1038 / nm.2669. http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v18/n3/full/nm.2669.html