Vakawanda vakura, kunyanya vabereki, havagoni kunzwisisa pfungwa yekuregeredza mwana. Zvinosuruvarisa, kunyange zvakadaro, zviuru zvezviitiko zvekuregererwa kwevana zviripo muUnited States.
Muna 2015, maererano neBusiness's Bureau, chikamu cheDhipatimendi reZvipatara neHuman Services, vana vanenge 683 000 vari munyika yacho vakaonekwa sevanoshungurudzwa kana kusatariswa, uye vanenge 75 muzana yeavo vanotambura nokuregererwa.
Kunyanya kuipa, iyo hofisi inofungidzira kuti 1 670 vana vakafa muna 2015 kubva pakushungurudzwa kana kusaregererwa.
Kusarura ndeimwe yenzira dzakajairika dzekushungurudzwa kwevana. Inogona kukanganisa utano hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa uye inogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yenguva refu.
Tsanangudzo yekusateerera
Bhuku rinonzi Federal Child Abuse Prevention Treatment Act (CAPTA) rinotsanangura kusaregererwa zviri pamutemo se "Chiito chipi zvacho chachangobva kuitika kana kukundikana kuita chimwe chikamu chemubereki kana mutarisiri anopa dambudziko riri pedyo rekukuvara kwakanyanya kumwana."
Mamiriro emitemo anowanzotsanangura kusaregererwa sekukundikana kwemubereki kana mutarisiri kupa zvokudya zvinoda, pokugara, zvipfeko, kurapwa, kana kutarisirwa kusvika pamwero wehutano hwomwana, kuchengeteka, uye hupenyu huri kutyisidzirwa nekukuvadzwa.
Dzimwe humwe dzinosanganisira kunze kwekutsanangura kusaregererwa. Somuenzaniso, mubereki anorega kurapwa kwechimwe chirwere chemwana maererano nechitendero chinogona kupiwa rusununguko.
Mamiriro emari emubereki anogonawo kutorwa.
Mubereki anorarama muurombo , somuenzaniso, angave akaoma kupa vana zvokudya zvakakwana kana pokugara, haafaniri kuonekwa sokuregererwa kana mhuri iri kukumbira rubatsiro rwemari kana kuti iri kuita zvakanakisisa nezvose zvavari.
Mitemo Yekusateerera
Kusateerera kunouya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Heino mhando dzemhando dzekuregererwa:
- Kuregererwa kwepanyama - Kusatarisira zvinodiwa zvomwana zvakadai sehutsanana, zvipfeko, chikafu, kana pokugara, kana kusiya mwana.
- Kuregererwa kwechiremba - Kuda kana kunonoka kudiwa kana kukurudzirwa kurapwa kwekurapa.
- Kutarisira kusina kukodzera - Kusiya mwana asingagoni kuzvitarisira pamba pachake, asingadziviriri mwana kubva kune ngozi dzekuchengeteka, kana kusiya mwana asina vatarisi vakakwana.
- Kushushikana mupfungwa - Kuratidza mwana kumhirizhonga mudzimba kana kushandisa zvinodhaka, kana kusapa rudo kana kutsigirwa mupfungwa.
- Kudzikanganwa mune zvekudzidzisa - Kukundikana kunyoresa mwana kuchikoro, kubvumira mwana kuti adzoke kuchikoro , kana kuti asina hanya nedzidzo yepamusoro yemwana.
Dambudziko rekusaremekedza
Vabereki havagoni kuregeredza vana vavo. Asi, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, vamwe vabereki havakwanise kukwana zvakakwana zvinodiwa nemwana.
Dzimwe nguva kusaregererwa zvachose kusingarangariri, zvakadai semhosva yeamai vechidiki vasinganzwisisi kukura kwevana. Anogona kunge asingazivi kuti mwana wake anowanzoda kudyiwa kana kuchinjwa.
Pane dzimwe nguva, chirwere chepfungwa chevabereki kana zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinogona kuvadzivisa kupa vana vavo kuchengetwa kwakakwana. Baba vanovhiringidzwa nemishonga vangasakwanise kudzivirira mwana wavo kuti asatendere kunze ari oga.
Izvi zvinotevera zvakawanikwa zvichiwedzera kuisa vana mukana wekuregererwa:
- Zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu - urombo, kusava nehutano hwevanhu, vagari vomunharaunda
- Mhuri dzezvikonzero - mhuri dzine mubereki ari oga, chisimba chemhuri, kushungurudzika kwemhuri
- Parent Factors - kusashaya basa, hutsika hwehutano hwehupfumi, chizvarwa chechidiki chemhuri, kushungurudzika kwevana, utano hwehutano, chirwere chepfungwa, nyaya yekushandisa zvinodhaka
- Mwana wezvinhu - kukura kunonoka
Zviratidzo zvekusaremekedza vana
Kazhinji, mudzidzisi kana muvakidzani ane hanya vanogona kuziva zviratidzo zvinonyevera kuti mwana akanganiswa. Mwana anoremekedzwa uyo anongowanzoenda kuchikoro kana mwana muduku ari kutamba kunze kwemaawa ose ezuva pasina munhu mukuru anotarisa angasimudza mireza matsvuku.
Pane huwandu hwezviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza kuvepo kuti mwana ari kuregererwa, kusanganisira:
- Kushanya nguva dzose kuchikoro
- Harina zvipfeko zvakakwana kana kuti hazvina kukodzera kupfeka nokuda kwemamiriro ekunze
- Anoba kana kukumbira zvokudya kana mari
- Inogara yakasviba kana ine muviri wakawanda wekunhuhwirira
- Kushungurudza doro kana zvinodhaka
- Zvikwereti zvinoda kurapwa kana mazino, magirazi, kana majekiseni
- Inotaura kuti hapana munhu ari musha wekupa hanya
Zviratidzo izvo mubereki kana mutarisiri angave asina kutarisira mwana zvakakwana anosanganisira:
- Nzira isina kunaka kana inoshamisa
- Inoratidzika isingafariri kana kuora mwoyo
- Inozviratidza kuva isina hanya kune mwana
- Kushandisa zvinodhaka kana doro
Kuregererwa kwevana hakusi nguva dzose chikonzero chemubereki asingakwanisi kupinda kune zvinodiwa nevana vavo; dzimwe nguva, zvisarudzo hazviwanikwi nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemari kana zviwanikwa. Kana mubereki asingakwanisi kutarisira mwana nekuda kwekushaiwa kwezvinhu, mazano anowanzoiswa panzvimbo yekubatsira mhuri pakubata zvido zvevana.
Migumisiro Yekusateerera
Kunyange kana mwana akabviswa kubva mumamiriro akaipa, migumisiro yekuregererwa inogona kuramba kwenguva refu. Heano maitiro mashomanana emigumisiro mwana anoregererwa angave akawana:
- Matambudziko ehutano uye hutano - Kusadya zvakanaka kunogona kukanganisa kukura kweuropi . Kushayiwa majekiseni akakwana uye zvinetso zvezvehutano zvinogona kutungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu ehutano akasiyana-siyana. Inzvere yeNational of Child and Adolescent Well-Being found that 28% of the children suffered from a state of health three years after being removed from the state of neglect.
- Kukanganiswa kwepfungwa - Kusakosha kwekusimudzira kwakakodzera kunogona kutungamirira kune zvinetso zvinowedzera zvepfungwa. Vana vane nhoroondo yekuregererwa vangave vane matambudziko edzidzo kana kuti vakanonoka kana kutadza kutaura mutauro .
- Zvinetso zvepfungwa - Kusateerera kunogona kutungamirira kune zvinhu zvakabatana, zvinetso zvekuzviremekedza, nekuoma kuvimba nevamwe.
- Matambudziko ehutano uye ehutano - Vana vanoregererwa vanogona kuoma kukudziridza hukama hwakanaka uye vanogona kutarisana nezvinetso zvekuita . NSCAW data yakagadzirisa kuti inopfuura hafu yevaya vaibatwa zvisina kunaka mukuyaruka vakanga vari pangozi yekushandisa zvinodhaka, kudengenyeka, kutsika, kana kubata.
Maererano neDhipatimendi reUnited Health uye Human Services, inenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevana vose vanobatwa nehutano husina kunaka zvinosanganisira kusaregererwa. Zviitiko zvinouraya zvekuregererwa zvinowanzoitika nevana vasati vava nemakore 7. Kunyanya kuurayiwa kunowanzobva mukushaiwa kwekutarisa, kusakanganwa kwekugara kwenguva refu, kana kusaregererwa kwechiremba.
Kurapa Kwevana Vasina Hanya
Nhanho yekutanga mukurapa mwana anoregererwa ndeyekutsigira mwana akachengeteka. Vatapi vebasa vanogona kukwanisa kuwedzera kuchengeteka uye kuderedza kusaregererwa kuburikidza kupa mhuri ine zvigadziro uye dzidzo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vana vangada kuiswa kune imwe nzvimbo kuti vadzivisezve kukuvara. Mwana anogona kuiswa nehama yaanogona kutarisira zvakakwana, somuenzaniso.
Vatapi vebasa vanogona kubatsira ipapo nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera, zvakadai sevashandi vezvechiremba, kuchengetwa kwemazino, kana mabasa ekudzidzisa.
Kurapa kwepfungwa mupfungwa kungabatsirawo. Vana vakange varegererwa vanogona kubatsirwa nemabasa ekurapa kuti avabatsire kutarisa manzwiro avo, maitiro, kana zvinetso.
Mishonga, yakadai senzira yekushandisa zvinodhaka kana kurapwa kwepfungwa, inogonawo kupiwa kuvatarisi kuti vabatsire kuti vave vakanyatsokwanisa kugadzirirwa kutarisira vana vavo.
Nzira Yokutaura Kusateerera
Kana zvasvika pakunyorera kusaregererwa, mitemo yehurumende inopesana pane anodikanwa kuti ataure. Mune dzimwe nyika, vadzidzisi vezvokurapa bedzi, vadzidzisi, vanopa vana vanochengeta vana, uye vatevedzeri vemitemo vanomiririra vanyori venhau.
Mune dzimwe nyika, vagari vose vanofungira kuti vanoshungurudzwa kana kusaregererwa vanodikanwa kuti vazivise. Kuvhiringidzika kunonzwisisika-kunogona kuisa maonero ekuzviona kana kutaura zvinotaurwa nemubereki kana mwana-ndizvo zvose zvinodiwa kurondedzera kushungurudzwa kana kusaregererwa.
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana ari kuregererwa, zivisa Dhipatimendi reHutano neHuman Services. Iwe unogonawo kudana 1-800-4-A-Vana (1-800-422-4453) kuti uudze vana kusaregererwa. Nyanzvi dzinodzidziswa dzinoongorora mitsara yekuregererwa uye kushungurudzwa. Chirongwa chakazara chinobatsira kuziva kuti ndeapi mapeji angave akadikanwa kuchengeta vana vakachengeteka.
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana muhupenyu hwako ari kuregererwa, usanonoka kuhudza, kunyange iwe usina chokwadi nezvechiitiko chacho. Izvo zvisati zvaitika zviremera zvinogona kupindira, zvakapfuura mwana anogona kuwana rubatsiro-uye, iwe hauzive, iwe ungangodaro wakachengetedza hupenyu hwemwana.
> Sources
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> Kubatsira Vana Mufambiro Wemagariro: Mabasa ekuregererwa: Chikonzero Chekusaremekedza Vana.
> Lavi I, Katz C. Kutadza kuteerera mazwi: Zvidzidzo kubva kuongororo yekutsvaga nekuteerera. Vana neVechidiki Basa Rinoongorora . 2016; 70: 171-176.
> Shanahan ME, Runyan DK, Martin SL, Kotch JB. Izvo mukati meurombo zvinopesana pane zviitiko zvekuregererwa kwenyama. Vana neVechidiki Basa Rinoongorora . 2017; 75: 1-6.
> Wert MV, Fallon B, Trocmé N, Collin-Vézina D. Kudzidzisa kusazvidzivirira: Kunzwisisa makore makumi maviri emakore ekugara zvakanaka kwevana. Kushungurudzwa Kwevana & Kusateerera . May 2017.