IQ, kana Intelligence Quotient, chiyero chekunzwisisa kwakagadziriswa nechiyero chakaenzana. Chiyero chekutanga chekuchenjera chakasikwa muna 1905 naAlfred Binet naTheophile Simon kuti vaone kuti vana vechikoro cheFrance vakanga "vanononoka" kuti vabatsirwe nekudzidziswa nguva dzose. Binet yakauya nemafungiro ekuzera kwepfungwa paakaona kuti vana vari kunyanya kukwanisa kudzidza dzidziso dzakaoma uye kuita mabasa akaoma sezvavanokura.
Vana vazhinji vanoenda kune imwe nhamba yekuoma kunzwisisa panguva imwe chete, asi vamwe vana vanonoka kusvika kune mazinga. Mwana ane makore matanhatu asingakwanise kuita zvinopfuura munhu ane makore matatu ane makore ane makore matatu.
Mental Quotient Versus Intelligence Quotient
Pfungwa ye "mind quotient" yakatanga kuumbwa naWilhelm Stern, chiremba wepfungwa yeGermany. Kubva mubasa raBinet, akaparadzanisa nguva yepfungwa nemazera ekuverenga nguva kuti ave ne "Mental Quotient." Munhu ane makore matanhatu anokwanisa kuita chete izvo makore ane makore matatu anogona kuita ane Mental Quotient ye .5 kana ½ (3 akaparadzaniswa na6).
Yaiva Lewis Terman, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzeAmerica, uyo akadzokorora muedzo weBinet kuti ape kuongorora kweStanford-Binet (izvo zvichiri kushandiswa). Akanyorawo pfungwa yekuwedzera Mental Quotient ne 100 kubvisa chikamu-uye Intelligence Quotient (IQ) yakaberekwa.
Kushandisa zviyero zvakagadzirwa naStern na Terman, chirongwa cheIQ chakava chigadziro chakakosha chekugadzirisa vanhu zvichienderana neanorative scoring.
Heino maitiro ayo zviyo zvinoshanda:
- Mafungiro Emakore / Mazuva Akaitika X X 100 = Intelligence Quotient
- Uyu ane makore matanhatu ane Mental Quotient ye ½ ane IQ ye50.
- Ruzhinji rwevanhu vane IQ pakati pe 85 ne 115.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti, apo Testanho yeStanford-Binet ichiri kushandiswa, haisisiri yega (kana kunyange yakakurumbira) IQ test.
Mimwe miedzo yakadai se Wechsler uye Woodcock-Johnson miedzo inowanzoshandiswa muAmerica. Mukuwedzera, kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zveIQ zvingave zvinobatsira, zvingasave zvakarurama zvakakwana pakuyera huchenjeri hwevanhu vane kusiyamura kwekusiyana kana kudzidza kwekuremara. IQ inoedza sezvakaita TONI yakagadzirwa kuti ienzanise kwete yezwi IQ.
Ko IQ Zvikoro Zvinoshandiswa Sei?
IQ miedzo yakapiwa zvino kubatsira zvikoro kuziva rudzi rwezvidzidzo zvekugara vana vanoda kuchikoro. Vana vanowana IQ chikamu che70 uye pasi vanokwanisa kuwana dzimba dzakapiwa kuchikoro. Izvozvo zviyero zviviri zvinokanganisa pasi pepakati pevheji yevane zana. Vana vanoona maitiro maviri akasiyana nepamusoro (pakati peIQ chikamu che 130) havawanzokwanisi kuwana pokugara.
Zvechokwadi, mumatambudziko acho ose, IQ chikwata choga hachisi icho chinogadza kudiwa kwekugara kwakakosha. Vana vane zvikwereti zvinopfuura makumi manomwe vanogonawo kukodzera nzvimbo dzakagadzikana kana vane chirema chekudzidza zvakadai sedyslexia . Kunyange vana vane zvipo, zvinowanzoonekwa sevaya vane IQ mazana 130 nepamusoro, vanogona kukodzera nzvimbo dzakagadzikana kana vane ruzivo rwekudzidza kana kubudirira. Ava vana vanozivikanwa seviri-zvisingaenzaniswi.
Kaviri-vana vanoshamisa vanogona, kunyange zvakadaro, vakawana nzira dzekushanda vakakomberedzwa nekuremara kwavo. Kunyange zvazvo vangave vasina kuvhenekera zvidzidzo, ivo vanoverengeka vadzidzi. Somugumisiro, zvipo zvinovanza hurema uye hurema huvanza zvipo . Vanopedzisira vasina kuwana pokugara kune zvimwe zvakasiyana.
Chii Chinonzi IQ yeVane Vana?
Vanhu vanonzwisisa kuti mwana ane IQ yevana 70 achada dzimba dzakakosha kuchikoro. Apo iwe unonzwisisa zvinorehwa neIQ score, zviri nyore kuona kuti sei. Mwana ane makore masere ane chirwere chepfungwa pasi pematanhatu achange achida rubatsiro rwekuita izvo zvimwe zvemakore gumi nemana zvinogona kuita.
Iye zvino funga nezvemakore masere ane makore neIQ ye 130. Inofanira kunge yakanyatsojeka kuti mwana ane chikamu ichocho anoda dzimba dzakasiyana. Ane unyanzvi hwepfungwa hwevamwe vane makore gumi. Kubvunza mwana wemakore masere ane IQ ye 130 kuti aite basa revhareji yemakore gumi nemana akafanana nekubvunza ane makore gumi kuti aite basa iroro. Mumwe ane makore masere ane makore IQ wevane 145 ane simba rehuchenjeri hwemwana wemakore gumi nerimwe nehafu. Tingazombofunga nezvekupa basa regumi nerimwe nehafu rekare raireva kuti ane makore masere here?
Iyo yakakwirira kana yakaderera IQ, iyo yakanyanya kusiyanisa pakati pezera remakore uye nguva yekuchenjera. Nepo isu nguva dzose tichida kuve nechokwadi chokuti vana vane zvikamu zvishoma zveIQ vanowana maidiro avo zvavanoda, tinofanirwawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti vana vane zvikoro zvepamusoro zveIQ vanowana maidiro avo avanoda. Zvechokwadi, zvakare zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mwana ane ruzivo we masere angakwanisa kuita basa rakakwirira redzidzo asi angave ane hutano hwekugara uye hwekunzwa kwemwana muduku!