Vana vako vari pangozi panguva yekuputika here?
Vanhu vazhinji vanonzwisisa kuti tinowana zvirwere zvedu kudzivirira vana vedu uye isu pachedu zvirwere zvinodzivirirwa , izvo zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere zvinopisa upenyu.
Mishonga yatinowana inodzivirirawo munhu wese anotitenderedza. Utachiona hwehutachiona hunoti kana vanhu vazhinji vasingagoni kurwara nechirwere, hazvizoitiki kuti chero munhu acharwara uye aparadze munhu wese mumombe, kusanganisira avo vasina kudzivirirwa.
Kunyangwe vakawanda avo vasingadi kupora vacheche vana vavo kana ivo pachavo ivo pachavo vanoti havasi chikamu chemombe kana kuti havatendi muhutano hwemombe, ivo vachiri. Vanongova nhengo isina kudzivirirwa yemombe iyo inotsigira pane isu tose kuti tidzivirire.
Anti-Vax Myths uye Misconceptions
Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvekare kana zvisiri izvo zvinoshandiswa nevashori-vax kuratidza kutangira matambudziko ezvirwere zvinodzivirirwa zvinoreva kuti vana vavo vasina hanya vasina chikonzero havaiti ngozi kune isu tose nokuti tese tine mishonga yedu.
Vanowanzofunga kuti ndeyevana vavo vasina kudzivirirwa uye ivo pachavo avo vachava pangozi yezvirwere zvinodzivirirwa, izvo vagara vachifunga kuti hazvisi nengozi, imwe yekare anti-vax myth.
Zvinosuruvarisa, sezvo nhamba inowedzera yekukura kwemasero muUnited States iri kuratidzira, uye hapana anti-vax nhema ndeyechokwadi.
Ichokwadi, sezvatinoenderera mberi nekurova zvinyorwa zvitsva, tiri kuona:
- Vana vacheche vaduku kuti vape vacheche vanobatwa mumatambo sezvavanoratidzwa pahofisi yechiremba kana muchipatara, apo munhu ane masero anotsvaka kutarisirwa.
- Vanhu vane zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinosangana nekusaziva zvisina kujeka kumasero, sezvazvakaitika muPittsburgh, apo mudzidzi wekoroji ane masero angave akafumura vanenge 100 varwere vekenza.
- Vanhu vanokurira zvinetso zvakakomba zvemasikisi, zvakadai semutarisiri wehutano uyo akazviti akavaka masero encephalitis munguva yakawanda yemasopi inoputika ku Fort Worth.
Isu tiri kudzidzawo kuti zvinodhura zvakadini kuti tive nemapukisi emasero.
Pakanga pane mazana maviri emakumi maviri emasero muUnited States mugore ra2011. Kuti ive nemakore 107 chete ematambudziko aya muna 16 kuputika, "iyo inofananidzwa yakawanda inotarirwa mari yehupfumi rwevanhu inowanikwa kumatare ehurumende nehutano hwehutano huri kubva pa $ 2.7 mamiriyoni kusvika ku $ 5.3 mamiriyoni eU.S. madhora. "
Saka ndiani anoiswa pangozi apo mumwe munhu akasarudza kusawana chirwere?
Dambudziko Rakakwirira - Vana vaduku kuti vachengetwe
Pakati pemapoka evanhu avo vari pangozi kune avo vasina kusununguka vana nevana vaduku vaduku kuti vape vacheche.
Izvi zvinowanzove vana vevabereki vanoronga kuti vawane zvirwere zvakakwana, vachitsvaga purogiramu yemazuva ano ekuzvidzivirira kweAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, asi ivo havasati vakwegura zvakakwana asi vachidzivirirwa.
Iyi ichinetso chikuru zvikuru ne pertussis (inosunungura chifukidziro) apo vacheche havatanga kuva nechidziviriro kusvikira vawana chirwere chechitatu chechirwere cheDTaP kana vane mwedzi mitanhatu. Muhukuru hwekuparara kwenyika kuCalifornia muna 2010, wevana gumi vakafa, vapfumbamwe vakange vasati vakura mwedzi miviri.
Uye tinoona izvi nemasera zvakare, sezvo vana vasingatori mukana wavo wekutanga weMMR vachengeti kusvikira vava nemwedzi gumi nemaviri uye vasina kunyatsodzivirirwa kusvikira vawana muviri wechipiri, pazera remakore mana. Ramba uchifunga kuti vana vaduku vanofanira kuwana maMRR emitambo yavo yapfuura kana vachizove vachibva kuUnited States.
Zvirwere-zvirwere zvinodzivirirwa izvo vana vaduku vanogona kuva pangozi kusvikira vasati vakura zvakakwana kuwana zvirwere zvavo zvinogonawo kusanganisira:
- fukenza - chirwere chokutanga chechirwere chechirwere pazera remwedzi mitanhatu, nechirwere chechipiri mwedzi gare gare.
- chicken pox - semasese, vana vanowana mukana wavo wekutanga pazera remwedzi gumi nemaviri uye chipiri chechipiri ava nemakore mana. Chirwere chechipiri chinogona kupiwa mushure memwedzi mitatu mushure mekutanga kwechiremba, kunyanya kana mwana wako achangobva kuonekwa kune huku.
Vana vaduku vari panjodzi yeporiyo, rubella, uye makungu kusvikira vasakara zvakakwana kuti vachengetwe.
Tichifunga kuti kune vana vanenge 4 000 000 vakaberekerwa gore muUnited States, izvo zvinoisa vana vazhinji mukutambura kwemasero, pertussis, nemamwe zvirwere zvinodzivirirwa.
Neyemapukisi, sezvo vana vasina kunyatsodzivirirwa kusvikira vawana chirwere chechipiri chemuviri weMMR pavanenge anenge makore mana, izvo zvinoreva kuti vana 12 000 000 vana vaduku uye vekuchikoro vangave vari pangozi.
Dambudziko Rakakwirira-Yakakosha System Immune System
Vana nevakuru vane simba risina simba rekuzvidzivirira mumuviri vanogona kuwira muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira avo vasingakwanisi kugamuchira mamwe majekiseni nokuti vane simba rekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri uye avo vanogona kunge vachirongwa zvizere, asi havachina kuchengetedzwa kwezvirwere nekuda kwekudzivirira muviri dambudziko remamiriro ezvinhu.
Uye kana vaifanira kujowa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwavo hwekudzivirira zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira, zvirwere zvingasazoshanda zvakanaka.
Kune zvikamu zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemasere ezvidzidzo zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvekudzivirirwa mumuviri uye zvakawanda zvechipiri. Pakati pezvirwere izvi zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinogona kuisa vana panjodzi kune dzimwe zvirwere zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvinosanganisira:
- Utachiona husina simba - X-yakabatanidzwa agammaglobulinemia, zvinowanzosiyana zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri, kusarudza IgA kukwana, IgG chikoro chisipo
- Zvisarudzo uye zvakakwana T-lymphocyte zvipembenene - zvakanyanya zvakabatanidzwa immunodeficiency (SCID) chirwere, DiGeorge syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia
- Zvinokonzerwa nepapgocyte basa - Chirwere chechigunulomatous chisingagoneki, chiremera chekuchirasika chikaukocyte, uye kushaya myeloperoxidase kukwana
- HIV / AIDS
- Mhando dzakawanda dzekenza
- Kuputika kunogamuchira kurapa kwemunosuppressive
- Chirwere chinoda kurapwa nema immunosuppressive doses of steroids
Maererano neAppune Deficiency Foundation, "Tinoda kugadzira 'cocoon' yekudzivirira vanhu vanopotera vachipoteredza varwere vane zvirwere zvokutanga zvekudzivirira muviri kuitira kuti vawane mikana shoma yekuve nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakafanana nehofenza."
Hazvifaniri kuva zvakaoma kuona kuti kana vamwe vana vachida nekutadza kupemerwa, zvino zvirokwazvo vanoisa dambudziko revana ava vane zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere.
Gwaro reCDC rekufa kwemwana ane chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia inoratidzira mwoyo yekuti vana vane zvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere vanogona kunge vari pangozi yakawanda kubva kune zvirwere zvinodzivirira zvirwere. Vane makore mana vane acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) vakagadzira fever makumi maviri nemaviri mushure mekunge vakurudzirwa nehuku yehuku uye mushure mekunge vatanga imwe mhiri yechemotherapy, iyo inokonzera kushushikana kwekudzivirira muviri. Akange ari muchipatara uye akafa nekukundikana kwezvikamu mashoma mazuva mashoma gare gare.
Dare Rezvekurapa reMicuneti Immune Deficiency Foundation rinonyeverawo kuti "kuwedzera kwechirwere chechirwere muhutachiwana hwevanhu, muchidimbu nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechirwere chekudzivirira chirwere uye mumamwe mamiriro ekurasikirwa nekukurumidza kwekuchengetedzwa kwemishonga, kunowedzera kukwanisa kusvibiswa kwema immunodeficient vana."
High Risk - Haikwanisi Kuvharwa
Panewo mamiriro ezvinhu apo mwana angave akwegura zvakakwana kuti apinde uye ave nesimba rakasimba mumuviri asi haakwanisi kuwana zvimwe kana zvirwere zvake zvose.
Kunyange zvazvo isingazivikanwi, iyo yakanyatsozivikanwa ingadai iri mwana aive nehupenyu hunotyisa zvirwere zvinotapukira kune imwe nguva yapfuura yemushonga kana chikamu chemukoko. Semuenzaniso, kana uine hupenyu hunotyisidzira kune antibiotic neomycin, iwe haufaniri kuvharwe nemishonga yekoko, chirwere cheporiyo, kana mamiro.
Ava ndivo vana vane zvikwereti zvezvokurapa zvechokwadi zvokuwana vachakonzerwa.
High Risk - Vaccinwa uye isina Kudzivirirwa
Zvirwere zvinoshanda.
Nenguva iyo vana vakawanda vane makore maviri, vanodzivirirwa kune zvirwere gumi nezvina zvinodzivirirwa, zvinosanganisira diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae b b, masero, mumps, pertussis, uye polio, nezvimwewo.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinoshanda kupfuura vamwe, kunyange zvakadaro. Ikoko chirwere chekukurira, somuenzaniso, chinopfuura 99% kubudirira mukudzivirira masero pashure pemiti miviri. Kune rumwe rutivi, chirwere chinonzi acellular pertussis chinenge 80 kusvika ku85% inoshanda.
Kunyange kana chirwere chemasopi chinopfuura 99% chinoshanda, asi kana pane vana vanenge 74 000 000 nevechiri kuyaruka vasati vava nemakore gumi nematanhatu muUnited States, izvo zvingadai zvichiri kuisa vana vakawanda panjodzi kubva kune vanhu vane chinangwa chisina kujowa.
Pasinei nemwedzi wemwedzi 6 kuenda kuchiremba chevana kumwana akachechecheka, mwana ane makore 6 ane chirwere chemuropa chinokwira kuchipatara chemhemotherapy, kana ane makore 16 ane chirwere chisingagumi chirwere, chinofanira Iva pachena kuti vanhu vakawanda havakwanisi kuisa pangozi kana mumwe munhu achiita chisarudzo chekuti vasapinde vana vavo kana kushandisa imwe chirongwa chekudzivirira.
Sources:
CDC. Mhemberero kubva kuMunda: Varicella-Yakabatanidzwa Kufa Kwechirwere Chine Rukemia - California, 2012. MMWR. February 21, 2014/63 (07); 161-161.
Zvikurudziro Zvizhinji pamusoro pekudzivirira. Zvirongwa zveDare reMakurukota pamusoro pemiti yekudzivirira (ACIP). MMWR. January 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
Epidemiology nekudzivirira kweHIV-Zvidziviriri Zvirwere. Bhuku rose. 12th Edition Kudhindwa kweChipiri.
Immune Deficiency Foundation, USA. IDF Murefu uye Mhuri Handbook yePamusoro Immunodeficiency Diseases FIFTH EDITION.
Komiti Yemazano Okurapa eImune Immune Deficiency Foundation. Zvirongwa zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona uye hwebhakitiriya muhutachiona hwehutachiona hwevatachiona uye avo vekufambidzana navo. Nyaya yeAllergy uye Clinical Immunology.