Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvinoitika panguva yekuzvimba ndiko kukura kwemapapu mumwana. Mapapu akazara zvakakwana ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinokosha zveupenyu huri kunze kwechibereko. Zvizhinji zvezvimwe zvikamu zvecheche zviri kushanda zvakatangira panguva yekukura kwekuberekwa , asi kumapapu, zuva rimwe nerimwe rekukura rinokosha. Kunyange rimwe zuva rinogona kuita mutsauko wekuvandudza mapapu.
Kune vacheche vari pangozi yekuzvarwa vasati vasvika, somuenzaniso, vanachiremba vanotarisa kunyanya kuve nechokwadi chokuti mapapu acho akabudirira sezvinobvira mwana asati aberekwa, saka mwana ane mukana wakanaka wekupona.
Vanhu vanoda mapapu ekufema mweya, kurudyi? Saka iwe unogona kuti mapapu anokosha zvakanyanya pakukura kwevana nekukura. Asi apo mapapu chaiwo akanyatsogadzirwa sei?
Madziro Akaita Vana Mucheche
Kugadzirwa kwemakumbo muvanhu kunoitika pamatanho mashanu akasiyana. Pashure pemubhedha wemukomana , mapapu emwana anowedzera mune izvo zvinonzi pseudoglandular. Munguva iyi, iyo inotangira kubva kumasvondo mashanu kusvika kumavhiki gumi nemaviri ekugumira, mapapu emwana anogona kuenzaniswa nemuti wemuti une matavi anobva mazviri. Sezvo mwana achikura, "matavi" anowanzobatanidzwa uye akaoma.
Mitezo inotevera inowanikwa muzvikamu, kubva pamasvondo 26-36, uyezve, pakupedzisira, danho rekupedzisira rekugadzirwa kwemapapu harina kutanga kusvikira masvondo makumi matatu .
Chigumo ichocho chokupedzisira chinoitika mumwedzi wekupedzisira wekudzivirira uye kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sokuti mwana "akaitwa" panguva iyoyo, pane chaizvoizvo kuwanda kukuru kwekukura kunowanikwa mudunhu rekupedzisira rekumapapu. Mumwedzi iwoyo wapera, mapapu emucheche anoita zvakawanda zvekusimudzira kuti vanoda kushanda kunze kwechizvaro, saka ndicho chikonzero zvakakosha kuita zvose zvingaita kubvumira vana kuti vauye uye vasarudze mazuva avo ekuberekwa, kunze kwekudiwa kwemuviri kutumira kutanga .
Mipapu ndiyo chaiyo yezvinhu zvekupedzisira kupedzisa kukura mumwana, ndicho chikonzero mapoka emapapu asina kudzika anogona kuva akaipisisa kune mwana kana akazvarwa nokukurumidza. Mipapu yakasiyana neyekuti ndiyo imwe chete zvirongwa mumuviri zvinogara zvakanyanya kusvika pakuzvarwa. Mimwe yose yehurongwa, yakadai sehupenyu hwemwoyo kana muscular system, yakazara uye ichimhanya kunyange mwana achiri mu-utero. Asi mwana ari muchizvaro anowanikwa oxygen yake kubva pamapucenta, saka mapapu haawani "mutambo" wavo wepamutemo kusvikira panguva yekuzvarwa.
Mwana anoita "kuita" kufema mukati mechizvaro, asi hapana humwe huripo hwekushandura kwemhepo mumapapu kusvikira mushure mokunge mwana asiya muchizvaro. Izvo zvose zvakagadzirwa mumapapu zvinokura zvakanyanya uye zvinosanganisira mabasa mazhinji akasiyana, naizvozvo kana yava nguva yokuti vaite basa, inguva inokosha. Zvinosuruvarisa, nekuti zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanyatsofamba, kune mikana yakawanda yezvinhu zvingaipisisa zvakare.
Kana mwana aberekwa uye kamwechete rwonzi rwakakonzerwa, rinofanira kushandura kubva "kufema" kuburikidza neropa re placenta mukufema mweya chaiwo. Mumazuva iwayo, mapapu emucheche anowedzera nemhepo, "chidimbu" pamwoyo chinodzima kutanga kupararira kubva mumapapu, uye mamiriro matsva ekuwana oxygen muropa kubva mumhepo inopinda mukati.
Dzimwe nguva, iyo nzira inogona kutora nguva uye, kunyanya kana mwana akaberekwa nguva isati yamboitika, zvinogona kuva nezvinetso kuwana oxygi yakakwana mumuviri.
Kukura Kwemafuro paKuberekwa
Chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwemapapu emwana chinhu chinonzi surfactant pamapapu. Izvo zvinosanganisa zvinongonyanya kuwandisa mafuta asidi, ma-carbohydrates, uye mapuroteni ano "kupfeka" mapapu uye anovabvumira kushanda zvakanaka. Inobatsira kuchengeta alveoli, iyo inoshandiswa mumhepo sachi iyo iyo yose shanduko ye okisijeni inoitika, yakazaruka uye inoputika.
Uyo anopindira ndiye anowedzera pakupedzisira, uye haagoni kunge akazara zvizere kana mwana akazvarwa nokukurumidza.
Kana pasina kuwanika zvakakwana pamusoro pemapapu, mwana haakwanisi kufema zvakanaka. Kazhinji kacho, hutsika hwehutachiona hunoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu anonzi kuporesa chirwere (RDS) mucheche, kunyanya vana vasati vasvika. Mwana anoedza zvakaoma kufema, asi mapapu haakwanisi kushanda zvakanaka kuti awane mhepo inoshandiswa. Muvana vasati vasvika, RDS ndiyo nhamba imwe chete inokonzera rufu.
Ndeapi Makomba Emucheche Ari Kuvandudzwa Zvakakwana?
Nyaya Yegore negore yemagazini inonzi Physiology inotsanangura chokwadi chinonakidza: mapapu emucheche, kunyange zvazvo akashanda zvakazara, ari kunyangwe achiri kunyatsotaridzirwa "zvakakwana" akakurira kunyange pakuberekwa kwenguva yakazara. Yeuka zvikamu zvishanu zvemapapu kukura? Zvakanaka, unogona kushamiswa kunzwa kuti chikamu chekupedzisira chemapapu chinopfuurira chinopfuurira kubva masvondo makumi matatu nemasere kusvika pamakore mashoma emakore ehupenyu. Mumakore matatu ekutanga ehupenyu hwemwana, mapapu anoenderera mberi kukura uye akakura mumugariro wemapfupa evanhu vakuru. Kunyanya, alveoli (duku "sacs" inoshandurudza mhepo mumapapu) inoramba ichiumba pamusoro pemakore matatu ekutanga ehupenyu, izvo zvinowedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo pamapapu. Mamwe mahombekombe = imwe mhepo yakachinjana.
Hapana nzira yepamutemo yekuziva kana mapapu aripo asati azvarwa asati aita kuongororwa kusingaoneki. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai sekuti pane zvinetso nekudzivirira uye vanachiremba vanoda kuburitsa mwana pakutanga, kana kana amai vari pangozi yakawanda yekugadzirira kutangira , vanogona kurongedza miedzo kuti vaone mwana wemapapu basa. Kazhinji kacho, chiremba achayera kudiwa kwekuedzwa nemukana wekuti mwana azvarwa patsva kana kuoma kwematambudziko. Kana mwana ari pasi pemavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri, muedzo wacho hauzove wakakosha, sezvo mapapu asingakwanisi kukurudzirwa zvakakwana kuti muedzo uwane. Chiyero chinosanganisira kuongorora amniotic fluid mudumbu kuti uone mazinga eesfactant. Vanachiremba vanogona kuziva kuti mapapu akakura zvakadini nehuwandu hwevasingawaniki vanogona kuwana mumvura.
Kana zvakawanikwa kuti mapapu emwana haana kunyatsogadzirwa, chiremba angaedza kubatsira mapapu pamwe chete nekurayira steroid iyo inopindwa muamai paanenge achiri nepamuviri. Iyi mishonga inogona kubatsira "kukurumidzira" nzira yekuvandudza mapapu.
Nenzira yakawanda, vazhinji vacheche vakaberekwa pamasvondo makumi matatu vachave nekuwana zvakakwana mapapu nevana vacheche vagara vaonekwa se "nguva yakazara" nemapapu anochengetwa nemavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri. Zvisinei, American College of Obstetricians uye Gynecologists ikozvino inokurudzira kuti vana havafaniri kukanganiswa kana kuponeswa vasati vasvika makumi matatu nemaviri ekuberekwa kunze kwekuedzwa kuti vaone kuti mapapu acho akazara zvakagadzirwa. Vacheche vanogona kukura panguva dzakasiyana uye pasi pacho ndechokuti, mapapu emwana anoramba achikura, saka zuva rimwe nerimwe rinokosha panguva yekuzvitakura.
Chii Chinokanganisa Vana Vechiduku 'Kugadzirwa Kwemakumbo?
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinochinja maitiro emapapu emwana anokura muchibereko. Kusvuta, somuenzaniso, kwakawanikwa kuti inokuvadza kutora kwenguva refu kunyange musati mimba isati yapera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti utsi uye nicotine zvinogona kudarika ropa-placenta.
Panewo zvimwe zvinhu izvo hakuna mubereki anogona kutora izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kubudirira kwemapapu, zvakadai sekuita zvepabonde yemukomana uye dzinza. Semuenzaniso, matambudziko emapapu anonyanya kuonekwa muvana vechidiki kana achienzaniswa nevana vechikadzi, uye pakati pevana vemaodzanyemba neveSouth Asia vanopfuura mamwe marudzi ose.
Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya
Kunyange zvazvo yakasiyana, mapapu emucheche haafaniri kutaridzirwa zvakakwana-kushanda kusvikira kusvika mavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri ekupedzisira, izvo zvinonzi "nguva yakazara." Zvisinei, nokuti pamuviri uye kubudirira kunogona kuitika pamitengo yakasiyana, iyi haisi nhamo yakaoma uye inokurumidza. Vamwe vana vanoberekwa kare vangapora mapapu akashanda zvizere, uye vamwe vana vanoberekwa gare gare vanogona kunge vane nyaya nemapapu avo pakuberekwa nokuti kukura kwemapapu kunogona kusiyanisa zvikuru.
Kubudirira kwemafuro ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekukura kwevana uye ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinoita kuti vanachiremba vanokurudzira vanaamai kuti vadzivise zvisiri izvo zvisiri zvechikonzero chekurapa. Kana kutangira kutangira kusingadzivisiki, chiremba anogona kuronga mishonga inokosha yekubatsira mapapu emwana ari nani. Mishonga uye kuvabatsira kunogona kubatsirawo mwana mushure mokuberekwa kwake, kana pane matambudziko nemapapu.
Mapapu emucheche anoonekwa sekuzara-kushanda pakuberekwa kwenguva yakazara, asi mapapu emwana acharamba achikura mumakore matatu ekutanga ehupenyu kusvikira aita sechimiro chakakura chemunhu mukuru.
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