Kukura kwekutora ndiyo izwi rinoshandiswa pakutaura pamusoro pekufamba kwezviitiko zvinotanga apo chirume nezai zvinosangana uye zvinopfuurira mukufambira mberi kwakarongeka kugadzira mwana. Kune chimwe chinhu "chinongoerekana chaitika" kamwechete mukadzi ari nepamuviri, zvinoshamisa zvinonetsa-uye zvinonakidza zvikuru kufunga nezvazvo.
Kuverenga Kuberekwa
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pamuviri unotora masvondo makumi mana kubva pazuva rokutanga rekupedzisira kwako kusvikira pakupera kwekuita pamuviri, kubasa, nekuberekwa. Mushandi wako achashandisa mavhiki kuti abatsire kuziva kuti uri kupi pamuviri uye chii chinofanira kuitika panguva ipi. Mavhiki awa zvakare akaparadzana mu trimesters :
- First Trimester (Mavhiki 1 kusvika ku13)
- Second Trimester (Mavhiki 14 kusvika ku27)
- Third Trimester (Mavhiki 28+)
Iyi nzira dzekuverenga ndezvepamutemo uye dzinoshanda. Ichashandiswa mumatare ako ose ezvehutano uye zvisarudzo. Unogona kunge uine vanhu kukubvunza iwe mwedzi yakawanda sei iwe uri muhutano hwako. Izvi zvinonakidza kuverenga, asi pamuviri hausi kuwedzera kusvika kumwedzi mipfumbamwe.
Nhanho dze Fetal Development
Apo iwe uchitaura nevanhu vanoongorora mazamu uye fetal development, vanotarisa pamuviri nenzira yakasiyana. Matanho matatu avanotarisa ndeokuti:
- Germinal Stage (Mavhiki 2 kusvika ku4)
- Embryonic Stage (Mavhiki 5 kusvika ku9)
- The Fetal Stage (Mavhiki 10+)
Germinal Stage (Mavhiki 2 kusvika ku4)
Ichi chikwata chekutanga chekugadzirisa ndechimwe chekusazivikanwa kwevanhu vakawanda. Izvi zvinotanga seii uye chirume chinosangana mukati rechitatu chekunze kweimwe ye fallopian tubes. Kana imwe iyo ikava imwe, zvinokonzera zygote uye inopfuurira rwendo rwayo kuenda kuchibereko. Panguva ino, muviri hausi kuziva kuti pamuviri wakaitika. Inogona kutora mazuva manomwe kana kupfuura kutora urefu hwehubhu uye kuisa mazai akakura mumubereki wakamirira.
Icho chibereko chakagadzira chigadziko mukutarisira kwezai rinogadzirwa. Iyi yose rwendo rwakaona kupatsanurwa kwemasero kubva kune imwe sero. Pakutanga, masero ose akafanana. Izvo zvisati zvasvika kusvikira masero achisvika pamasere masere-masero ayo anotanga kusiyanisa rudzi rwemasero avo vachave. Inhengo dzomukati dzinotanga kuumba izvo zvichava embryo. Pane zvidimbu zvitatu:
- Ectoderm (ganda uye nerve system)
- Endoderm (kufema uye kudya gadziriro)
- Mesoderm (musuru uye skeletal system)
Masero ekunze (trophectoderm) anowedzera mumakungwa. Kamwe blastocyst inotanga kuisa mukati mechiropa, chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) inosunungurwa, iyo inobvumira muviri wamai kuti uone kuberekwa. Pakupedzisira, iyi hCG ichave ichionekwa muhuwandu hwekuti kuve nekudzivirira pamuviri kuchachinja. Kamwe kuiswa kwemiti kwakaitika, kucharatidza kuti muviri unoshandura chimiro chemuviri kuitira kuti kudzivirira kwemwedzi kusati kwasvika zvakare kusvika pamuviri wapera.
Kuenda kumwedzi kunenge kuripo kunowanzoita kuti vakadzi vazhinji vatore chirwere chepamuviri.
Embryonic Stage (Mavhiki 5 kusvika ku9)
Masero iko zvino anonzi ndeye mucheche. Kunyangwe iye zvino zvakanyatsojeka vanhu kubva pakutanga, embryo ichiri kutarisa sezvinoita vazhinji vedu kufungidzira patinofunga nezvechecheche. Nguva yekumbryonic inonyanya kukosha nokuti nhengo dzese dzesangano dzinoumbwa.
Imwe nzira inowana hurukuro yakawanda munguva ino yakaoma ndeye neural tube (chii chinopedzisira chinova gumbo remusana, chirwere chetsitsi, uye uropi). Izvi zvinotanga kuumbwa mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri mushure memubereki, anenge mazuva makumi matatu nemaviri kubva pazuva rekutanga rekupedzisira kwako. Spina bifida uye anencefaly marudzi maviri e-neural tube zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika, kunyanya kana pasina zvakakwana folic acid mumuviri. Iyi ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvikurusa zvekuti vakadzi vose vezera rekubereka vatore mavitamini vasati vaberekwa kana kuti zvichida folic acid . Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma zvikuru kuona kuti pamuviri izvi zvakatanga sei, kunyanya sezvo anenge 50 muzana yehutano hwose husina kurongwa.
Mwoyo wemwana urikurumidza kuumba. Inotanga semunhu umwechete wega mudziyo unotanga kupisa mukati mevhiki yechishanu yekuzvitakura. Icho chichiri kare kare kuti inzwe izvi izvi kunyange kushandisa Doppler teknolojia . Izvi hazvizoitiki kusvikira vhiki inenge yegumi nemwedzi , kunyange zvazvo ultrasound transvaginal inogona kutora mapikisikiti maduku achizununguka sezvo ropa rinenge richirova nemabasa kubva pakutanga mavhiki matanhatu kusvika kune manomwe. Kubata kwomwoyo kwomwana kunomhanya zvikuru kupfuura kwevakuru, asi kunotanga zvishoma nezvishoma, kunotora nokukurumidza (kutungamira kunopera 180 zviputi paminiti), uye kunogadzika kusvika kune 120 kusvika 160 inotarisana nehuwandu hwapamuviri mudumbu re fetal.
Muviri uri kuitawo. Iwe uchaona mifananidzo nemakomba kana nzvimbo dzomumvuri dzinosvika mhino, meso, muromo, uye nzeve. Iwe uchaonawo ruoko nemakumbo emakumbo, nekushandura nekukurumidza kuisa majoints (makumbo nemabvi). Iwe uchaona mhedziso yakasiyana nemirairo yechinhu chiduku gare gare munguva ino.
Kunyange zvazvo chisarudzo chekuti kana kwete here mwana kana mukadzi kana murume akangosarudzwa pakuzvarwa pamuviri, mwana wose anotarisa zvakafanana pane iyi panze (kunze kwekuti nhengo dzepabonde dzomukati dziripo, haugoni kutaura clitoris kubva pachirume).
Ichi chimiro chekumbironisi ndevhiki vashanu chete. Pamugumo wenguva ino, embryo ichayera zvakangofanana nepepepikiti uye inenge yakareba masendimita masere, uye ichive neine inenge yese yega yegadziriro yehupenyu nehutano hunoda hupenyu hwekunze.
The Fetal Stage (Mavhiki 10+)
Izwi rokuti fetus nderimwe iro vanhu vakawanda vakanzwa. Iri ndiro zita rezvenyanzvi recheche muchechi ye fetal uye chiLatini che "vana" kana kuti "zvibereko zvatsva." Chikamu chechi fetal chinoratidzika sechisinganyanyi kufadza. Kunyange zvazvo zvose zviripo, pane mavara akawanda uye kugadzirisa kwakanaka kugadzirira fetus yeupenyu kunze kwechibereko.
Pakati pemasvondo gumi nemaviri nemasere, unogona kungotanga kusiyanisa vakomana kubva kuvasikana kuburikidza nekunze kwenhengo dzepabonde, kunyange-kunyange kushandisa ultrasound-zvakaoma kuva yakarurama nekugadzirisa zvepabonde pane iyi chikamu. Izvo zvakanakisisa zvakaitwa pakati pemasvondo 18 ne22 panguva yekutora fetus scan. Mwana musikana achaberekerwa nezai rose raanenge akambova naro muupenyu hwake mukati maovha mairi, asi mwana mukomana haana mbeu yekuedza.
Kune zvinhu zvaungangodaro usina kumbofunga nezvazvo maererano nekukura seminwe yeminwe, maziso eziso, vhudzi, uye meno. Kunyange mazino anogara aripo atanga kuumbwa munguva iyi yepamuviri. Muviri wakafukidzwa nevhudzi rakanaka rinonzi calledgogo uye kune jira paganda rinonzi vernix caseosa.
Munharaunda yechitatu yemwedzi , kana masvondo makumi mana makumi matatu kubva panguva yekupedzisira, hurongwa hwekutya hunotanga kupindura zvimwe zvakafanana nechechechecheche. Iwe unogona kuona kuti mwana wako anoita kunge ane nguva nguva yekuzorora uye basa, sekunge mwana achangoberekwa. Mwana wako achatozoita kupemha amniotic fluid, iyo inenge yakasanganisira fetal urine.
Zvechokwadi fetusus ichaenda kubva pakuve imwe-gramu, imwe-inch inenge ichiyera mapaundi manomwe uye inenge anenge masendimita masendimita pakureba, asi chiyero che fetus chinenge chiri kukura kupfuura kukura muhupamhi nekukwirira. Nhengo dzomuviri dzinoda huwandu hunochinja hunochinja. Semuenzaniso, uropi hwomwana huchakura mukukura uye humiro, asi hazvisi kusvikira mavhiki ekupedzisira ayo mapuropi europi achiwedzera uye kuwedzera kwehutano muuropi kunokosha. (Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakawanda nei kupera kwekuita pamuviri kuchikosha kune utano uye hukama hwemwana wako.)
Zvinetso Nekukura Kwekukura
Pane zvinhu zvingashandura nzira yehutano hwakanaka pakukura mumasikirwo emagetsi, uyewo nenyaya dzemuviri dzinogona kupindira. Dzimwe nguva zvinetso izvi zvinomisa chiitiko chacho pamwe chete uye mwana acharega kukura uye pamuviri uchapera. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mumharaunda yemvura, apo amai vasingatombozivi kuti vane pamuviri, kana mumatanda emumikoni, kwaanogona kana kuti asingazivi kuti ane pamuviri.
Chirwere chemazwi kana chepanyama chinogonawo kukonzera kusakanganisika kusingagoni kuita kuti mwana ave nekugona, asi kuchiri pachena. Izvi zvingava chimwe chinhu chakafanana neA Down syndrome (genetic) kana chikwata chechikwata (muviri).
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuitika zvisina kunaka, asi nekutenda havazviiti kakawanda. Ruzhinji rwevana vanoona kufambira mberi kwavo kuenda vasina kubvumirwa kuberekwa.
Genetic Screening
Kana mhuri ine nhoroondo yezvakaberekwa kana kuti kana amai vari pamakore makumi matatu namashanu, zvinonzwisisika kuti kuongorora mazita ekuberekwa kunopiwa pamberi pekunge kana pamuviri. Vasati vaita pamuviri, mhuri inogona kuongororwa nezvirwere zvepabonde seTay-Sachs chirwere , sickle cell disease, nevamwe. Kana uchinge wava nepamuviri, chinangwa chekuedza kuchinja kunonyatsoongorora kuvepo kwemuviri uye mwana nokuda kwemaitiro.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa mutsauko pakati pekucherechedza mwana wako uye chaiyo maitiro ekuongorora. Kuchengetedza kunoratidza kuti iwe kana mwana wako ane ngozi yekuve nechirwere chaiwo. Izvi zvinowanzofananidzwa nehuwandu hwehutano kune mumwe munhu wezera rako nemakore. Saka purojekiti yakanaka ingaratidza kuti kuedza kwako kunoratidza kuti iwe kana mwana wako ingozi yakakura kudarika vheji yezera rako uye nheyo.
Kana uchinge uine chinyorwa chakanaka, zvichida neropa rega kana ne ultrasound, iwe unofanirwa kupiwa maitiro ekuongorora. Sezvo iyi miedzo ine njodzi duku asi chaiyo yekutora kurasikirwa, haifaniri kuti munhu wese ashandise izvi. Iviri mbiri dzakawanda ndeye chorionic villus sampling (CVS) uye amniocentesis. Iwe uchishanda pamwe nemuongorori wako, iwe mazano ekuberekwa, uye vamwe kuti vaongorore nzira.
Utano hwehutano
Utano hwehupamuviri huchabva pane hutano hwaamai newavo kune imwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinosanganisira hutano hwemaviri mumwedzi inotungamirira kusvika pamuviri. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinoita kuti kutarisa kwehutano uye kutanga kurarama kwehupenyu kunokosha, sezvakakurudzirwa neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Kuchengetwa kwepabonde kunotanga kamwechete apo mimba inogadziriswa uye inopfuurira kuburikidza nokupedzwa kwekuita pamuviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza, kuongorora, uye kurapa kwezvinetso uye zvingangodaro zvinetso sezvavanomuka.
Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kune zvinhu zvakasikwa zvekuchengetedza izvo zvingasava nekutonga pamusoro. Zvimwe zvizvarwa zvehupenyu hwako. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe wakanga uchitarirwa ne diethylstilbestrol (DES) -kuita maitiro eesrogen iyo yakanzi kune vakadzi kubva kuma1930 kusvika 1970-se fetus, iwe unogona kuva nemukana mukuru wekuva nehupombwe hwekuberekwa kana kupererwa. Hapana chaunogona kuita kuti uwedzere njodzi dzeZIV yako. Iwe unogona, zvisinei, chengetedza mikana inogona kushandiswa yemakemikari uye yezvakatipoteredza kubasa; chiremba wako kana samukuta anogona kukubatsira kutungamira pane zvaunokumbira pamusoro.
> Sources:
> American College yeAvistetricians uye Gynecologists (ACOG). Kukura Kwepabonde: Mawaniro Ako Mwana Wako Achikura Mukurara. FAQ156, June 2015.
> Maitiro ehutano mumararamiro ekuongorora. Komiti yeAACOG Komiti Nha. 410. American College yeVachizvidzivirira uye Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111: 1495-502.
> Moos MK. Kubva Mukutenda Kuzoita: Kufungisisa pamusoro peKutanga Kwemagariro Agenda. Zvinyorwa zveMadzimai Health; March 2010; 19 (3): 561-7.
> Kutanganisa Utano Nehutano Hwokuchengetedzeka: The Clinical Content of Preconception Care. American Journal of Obstetrics uye Gynecology; December 2008; Vol. 199, Nha. 6, peji. S257-S396-Kuwedzera B.
> Robbins, CL, Zapata, LB, Farr, SL. Core State Preconception Health Indicators - Kuberekwa Kutarisana Nengozi Kuongororwa Nenzira uye Maitiro Ekutengesa Ngozi, 2009. MMWR 2014; 63 (Kwete SS-3).