Iwe unogona kuwana salmonella mawere (salmonellosis) kubva pakudya, mhuka dzemhuka, kana kusvibiswa kune zvimedu zvevanhu kana zvemhuka. Vana, vakwegura, uye vanhu vane simba rekudzivirira zvirwere zvezvirwere vanowanzova pangozi. Dzidza pamusoro pezvinowanzokonzera uye zvinokonzera njodzi kuitira kuti unogona kudzivirira ichi chitubu chekudya chepfu uye chirwere.
Zvinowanzokonzera
Salmonella utachiona hunokonzerwa nebhakitiriya mujeri reSalmonella , iro rinorarama mudumbu revanhu uye mhuka uye rinopararira mukati memvura.
Kunyange zvazvo mabhakitiriya aya asingagoni kuita mhuka kurwara, inogona kurwara vanhu. Munhu ane utachiona salmonella anogona kuuparidzira kune vamwe vanhu kuburikidza nemidziyo.
Nontyphoidal salmonella inotungamirira kune inowanzo salmonella gastroenteritis zvirwere. Dutu remhepo ine dutu rinounza dhifiidhi fever, iyo isingawaniki muUnited States asi inogona kuonekwa munyika dziri kusimukira. Serotypes yakasiyana-siyana (kana kusiyana kwakasiyana) kwebhakitiriya inowanzosarudzwa mumatuka uye zvirwere.
Kune nzira mbiri dzakakosha salmonella inopararira: kuburikidza nezvokudya zvakasvibiswa nemvura uye kusangana nemhuka dzinotakura bhakitiriya.
Foodborne Salmonella Infection
Salmonella mabhakitiriya aripo mumhuka dzemhuka zhinji, kusanganisira nyama yenzombe, huku, uye hove, uye inowanzosvibisa nyama yavo, mukaka, kana mazai. Mune mazai mazai, mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kuvapo mukati mehombe uye kunze. Kusvibiswa kwefecal yemvura kana kusvibiswa kwepakati panguva yekugadzira kana kugadzirirwa kwezvokudya kunogona kutungamirira mukuparadzira mabhakitiriya mumiriwo, michero, zvigungwa, zvinonhuwira, nekudya zvinogadzirwa.
Kubika kunouraya mabhakitiriya, ndicho chikonzero chekupisa nyama kunoshandiswa pakubika huku. Kunyorera mukaka nemvura inodziya zvinouraya mabhakitiriya.
Kubatana Nemhuka
Iwe unogona kuiswa pachena kune salmonella nemapurazi nemhuka dzemhuka. Kana ukashanda kana kuenda kune furazi kana kuchengetedza zvipfuwo zvepurazi, unogona kutarisa mabhakitiriya sezvo inosvibisa matanda, huni, marinhe, uye mvura pasi.
Mhuka idzi dzinogona kuonekwa dzakachena uye dzine utano uye dzichiri kuendesa mabhakitiriya. Mhuka dzakazivikanwa kupararira salmonella dzinosanganisira huku, mbudzi, mombe, makwai, uye nguruve. Paunenge usingafungi kuti nheyo dzako kumashure dzingangodaro dzinokonzera mabhakitiriya, Centre reDease Control (CDC) yakashuma nyaya dzinopfuura 790 dze salmonella dzakapararira nenzira iyo muhafu yekutanga ye 2017. Nokuenzanisa, kunze kwekuparara kwe 53 chete kwakasimbiswa kubva muna 1990 kusvika muna 2014. Kukura miitiro inobatanidza salmonellosis ngozi inosanganisira:
- Kukundikana kutora mazai zvishoma zuva rega rega, kunyanya mumamiriro okunze ekudziya
- Kwete kufambisa mazai mushure mokunge waunganidza
- Kwete kushambidza maoko mushure mokubata kana kuchenesa huku
- Kusveta kana kuchingamidza chicken
- Kukundikana kuvhara mhuka dzinooneka dzakajeka
- Kudiridza minda nemuriwo mutsva, usina kuomeswa unogona kusvibisa mbeu
Mhuka dzepanyamawo dzinopawo salmonella. Zvipembenene zvakadai seIguanas, lizards, uye turtles zvinowanzova ne-salmonella mabhakitiriya paganda ravo rekunze kana shell. Turuki nezvimwe zvinokonzera salmonella hazvisi ivo pachavo vanorwara uye havana zviratidzo. Mhuka dzeshiri dzakadai separakeets uye mapuroti, mapurisa akadai se hamsters uye guinea yenguruve, maamphibian akadai sematatya uye zvigaro, hedgehogs, imbwa, makate, uye mabhiza zvinogona kuva zvitubu.
Kunze kwekubata mhuka, unogona kutora mabhakitiriya kubva muvhareji, mvura yerangi, mabhedha, zvokudya, kana zvidhi.
Kutarisira mhuka dzomusango kunogonawo kutumira mabhakitiriya. Rusununguko-hupenyu hwehutu hwakambofungidzirwa kuti huri huwandu hwekuisa njodzi, asi zvino yava kuzivikanwa kuti mhuka dzomusango dzinogona kutakura salmonella, kana kuti dzinogona kuwana iyo kana iwe ukavaita chipfuwo. Mamwe mhuka dzaungagona kubata dzinosanganisira matatya, mhuka, makonzo, makonzo, uye shiri.
Kubatana Nevanhu
Vanhu vane salmonella hutachiwana vachabvisa mabhakitiriya mumucheka wavo. Vaya vane chirwere havafaniri kudzokera kuchikoro chevana, kuchikoro, kana kubasa kusvikira maawa makumi mana apera.
Kana vakabata zvokudya sechikamu chebasa ravo, havafaniri kudzokera kubasa kusvikira maawa 48 apfuura vasina zviratidzo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vatakuri vezvokudya havagoni kudzokera kubasa kusvikira kuongororwa zvinoratidza kuti vakasununguka mabhakitiriya. Kunyange mushure mokunge vachinzwa zvakare, vamwe vanhu vanoenderera mberi kutakura bhakitiriya ndokuridurura. Zvinogona kusvibisa nzvimbo uye kuparadzira zvirwere nemaoko kana vasingashambi zvakanaka mushure mekushandisa imba yekugezera.
Dambudziko reMapoka
Zviduku zvebhakitiriya hazvigone kubereka salmonella zvirwere. Zvisinei, vacheche, vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu, vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu, uye avo vane maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira mazvirwere vanowanzoita salmonella zvirwere pashure pokunge vaona. Mamiriro chaiwo uye mishonga iyo inokonzera kusachengetedzwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona salmonella inosanganisira AIDS, sickle cell disease, malaria, corticosteroids, uye mishonga inorambidza kurambwa.
Vanhu vanotora antacids vari pangozi yakawanda sezvo mabhakitiriya anonwisa akachengetedza kusvika kusvika mumvura. Vaya vane chirwere chinoputira chirwere chiri pangozi nekuda kwekukuvara kwemuviri wekumusoro. Iwe unogonawo kunge uri pangozi yakakwirira mushure mekutora ma antibiotics sezvo ushamwari huri kubhakitiriya huri kuurawa, uchisiya iyo nzvimbo yakazarurirwa salmonella.
Lifestyle Risk Factors
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowedzera mukana wako wekutengesa kana kuparadzira salmonella. Heano maitiro netsika dzekudzivisa:
- Kukundikana kushambidza maoko ako mushure mekushandisa imba yekunze, kuchera, kana kutarisira munhu anorwara
- Kukundikana kushambidza maoko ako musati wagadzirira uye shure kwekugadzira zvokudya uye mushure mokubata nyama yakasviba kana mazai
- Kugadzirisa kana kutema nyama yakasvibira kana mazai uye nekushandisa banga, kubheka, ndiro, kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvezvimwe zvinhu zvekudya zvakadai semiriwo kana michero
- Kudya nyama isina mbiriso kana nyama yakasvibira, mazai, kana maitiro emukaka asina kukodzera
- Kwete kushambidza michero nemiriwo musati madya
Pet Amphibians, Reptiles, uye Live Poultry
Amphibians, zvinokambaira, uye hupenyu hwehuku hutakura zvinotyisa zvikuru semhuka dzemhuka. Izvi zvinosanganisira turtles, lizards, matatya, uye huku. Mhuka idzi hadzifaniri kuchengetwa mumusha umo kune vana vasati vava nemakore mashanu, vanhu vanopfuura makore 65, kana vanhu vane zvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere. Izvi zvipfuwo hazvifanirwo kuchengetwa mune zvivako zvinoshumira mazera emakore aya, zvakadai sekuchengetwa kwemasikati, zvipatara, mahofisi makuru, kana vanamukoti vane unyanzvi. Vanhu vari mumapoka aya ane ngozi vanofanirwa kusabata mhuka idzi, uye vanofanira kuchengeta mvura iyo yakabatwa nemhuka idzi.
Vose vana nevakuru vanofanira kuchengetedza kudya kana kunwa pamhuka dzemhuka mune boka iri. Iwewo haufaniri kudya kana kunwa mune imwe nzvimbo iyo cage yekambani kana kuti aquarium iripo kana kuti chikamu chakabvumirwa kufamba.
Zvose zvipfuwo
Maitiro aya anowedzera mungozi yako yekuwana salmonella kubva kuchipfuwo:
- Kubvumira mhuka munzvimbo umo zvokudya nekumwa zvakagadzirwa, zvinodyiwa, kana kuchengetwa
- Kukundikana kushambidza maoko ako mushure mokubata kana kugunzva mhuka, kunyanya usati wagadzirira kana kudya zvokudya
- Kurega mvura yekuchenesa kubva munzvimbo yemhuka yepanyama mumvura yakashandiswa pakugadzirira kudya
- Kubvumira vanhu vari mungozi yakakura ye salmonella yekuchenesa nzvimbo yemhuka, kunyanya vasina kupfeka magirafu anoshayiwa
- Kushandisa gorosi risina kukwana kuti ivhenese minda kana maparuva emaruva
> Sources:
> Salmonella. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/
> Salmonella Infection. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonella.html.
> Salmonella Infection. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329.
> Salmonella Mibvunzo nemhinduro. USDA Zvokudya Zvokuchengetedza uye Kuongorora Basa. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/foodborne-illness-and-disease/salmonella-questions- uye-mhinduro.