Vaccines
ICDC inorondedzera kuvhara muviri semuipi mukuru wehutano hwehutano hwevanhu muzana remakore rechi20.
IWorld Health Organization inodanidzawo zvirwere "chimwe chezvinhu zvakabudirira zvikuru uye zvinodhura zvinopindira mune hutano hwevanhu," izvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira "inofungidzirwa kuti mamiriyoni maviri evanhu vana vanofa gore rimwe nerimwe mumarudzi ose kubva kumabhati kubva ku diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (anokwira chikwama), uye masero. "
Zvirwere zvinogona kuita zvakawanda zvakadaro, zvakadaro.
Kuwedzerwa kwehutachiona hwemajeri kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira:
- Zvirwere mumana mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemasere munyika iyo isingakwanisi kupedzisa zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvirwere ivo vanofanira kuwana vasati vasvitsa mamwedzi gumi nemaviri
- Rufu rwevana vane mamiriyoni 1.3 nevana vaduku kubva pneumococcal zvirwere uye rotavirus
- Vanenge 200 000 masero vakafa
- Vanosvika 49 000 vakafa kubva kuanaonatal tetanus
- Kuenderera mberi kwemhosva yepolio yakazara muAfghanistan nePakistan
Uye zvirwere zvitsva zvinogona kubatsira kudzora dzimwe zvirwere uye zvitsva, zvinotyisa zvinotanga kuitika.
Vaccine Facts
Kudzidza nekuwana chokwadi pamusoro pemishonga uye kudzivisa kupora zvisiri izvo kunogona kubatsira kuita kuti vana vako vapedzwe zvizere uye vakachengeteka kubva kune zvirwere zvinodzivirira :
- Nenguva yavanotanga kuchikoro, vana vakawanda vanotevera urongwa hwekudzivirira huno huchakwira kusvika kuma35 emitambo ine gumi yakasiyana-siyana (kusanganisira chirwere chegore negore), asi zvichida sevashoma mashomanana 20 kana vakawana zvirongwa zvinosanganiswa , sePediarix (DTaP-HepB-IPV) kana Pentacel (DTaP-IPV-Hib), Kinrix (DTaP-IPV), uye Proquad (MMR-Var), nezvimwewo, uye Flumist nasal spray kana vaine makore maviri.
- Kunyangwe iwe uchifanira kuedza kuwana majekiseni ekudzivirira maitiro zvichienderana nekurongwa kwekudzivirira zvirwere, mazamu emishonga anowanzove achiverengwa, kunyange kana akapiwa kwemazuva mana zvakare kare.
- Urarame zvirwere , zvakadai seMMR uye Varivax, dzinofanira kupiwa panguva imwe chete kana kuti mazuva makumi maviri nemasere.
- Iwe kazhinji haufaniri kuisazve chirongwa chekudzivirira kana iwe wakanonoka kuwana dhipiri inotevera kana yekupedzisira mumaketani ekugadzirira.
- Zviratidzo zveHercmerosal-free zvepurogiramu muhutachiona hwehutano dzave dziripo kubvira muna 2001. Kunyange chirwere chepukisi chinowanikwa nyore nyore sekuchengetedza-pasina kupfurwa.
- Thimerosal muzvirwere hazvina kumbobatanidzwa ne autism.
- Kunyangwe nekubviswa kwemazino, kune zvimwe zvirwere zvinowedzera mishonga uye zvinodzivirira mune zvimwe zvirwere zvinovabatsira kuti vashande zviri nani, kusanganisira formaldehyde uye aluminium. Zvizhinji zvakasara muzvigadziriswa kubva kune nzira iyo zvirwere zvinoshandiswa, uye zvimwe, zvakadai se formaldehyde, zvisingasviki nemari inowanzowanikwa muvana.
- Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzopiwa vana, zvirwere zvisiri chikamu chemuviri wezvirwere zvinowanikwa kuti dzidzivirire pane dzimwe dzakawanda zvirwere zvinodzivirira zvirwere, zvakadai sekurera, yellow fever, typhoid, rabies, tuberculosis (BCG), shingles, uye Japanese encephalitis (JE), nezvimwewo.
- Iwe haugoni kuwana chirwere ichi kubva kune chirwere chechirwere. Hazvina kuvharidzirwa (kuurayiwa) chirwere chinoputika kana kutonhorera-kuchinjwa, kuteteredzwa (kushayiwa simba) kurarama hutachiona hwemvura chirwere chinopisa chinogona kukonzera chirwere chinorwara kune avo vanozviwana.
- Zvirwere hazviine anti-freeze.
- Lancet inorondedzerwa naAndrew Wakefield iyo yakabatsira kutanga kutanga kutya kukuru pamusoro pekubatana pakati pemishonga uye autism yakanga isati yadzokororwa nedzimwe vatsvakurudzi, yakadzorerwa uye inowanikwa kuva yakagadzirwa nekutsvakurudza kwenhema.
- Kurasika (syncope) kunogona kuitika, kazhinji mukati maminitsi makumi mashanu ekudzivirira, kunyanya mumakore ekuyaruka kuwana HPV, Tdap, uye zvirwere zvemamenococcal, ndicho chikonzero nei vanachiremba vanowanzokurudzira kuti vechidiki vanofanira kugara kana kurara pasi apo vachirwere uye vanofanira kuonekwa kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu mushure mekutora shoti.
- Apo chirwere chinorasikirwa kubva pakati pa1989 na1991, masero emasero akawedzera kusvika kumatunhu akakwirira akaonekwa kubvira apo chirwere chemasikisi chakanga chiine chibvumirano, pamwe nematambudziko 55 467 mumakore matatu, 11 251 hospitalizations, uye 166 vakafa. Mhosva dzekugadzira masero dzakakurumidza kudonha zvakare mushure mekunyanyisa kwemishonga yekudzivirira kuwedzera vana vachijititi.
- Zvinodarika makumi mapfumbamwe makumi matatu ekuzvidzivirira zvirwere zviri mumatanho ekupedzisira ekuongororwa kwechipatara, kusanganisira zvirwere zvemarariya uye dengue fever.
Ndezvipi zvakare zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pemishonga kuti vana vako vachengetwe uye vadzivirirwe?
Chirwere-Chinochengetedzwa Zvirwere
Mishonga inowanzopiwa vana maererano nemararamiro epamuviri ekudzivirira majekiseni anovadzivirira zvirwere 16-zvinodzivirirwa, kusanganisira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa ne:
- Varicella virus - chicken pox / shingles
- Diphtheria
- Flu
- Hib - Haemophilus influenzae b
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Human papillomavirus virus (HPV)
- Measles
- Neisseria meningitidis (mabhakitiriya emaminococcal)
- Mumps
- Pertussis (anokwidza kukwezva)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal bacteria)
- Polio
- Rotavirus
- Rubella
- Tetanus
Kusiyana nehovepuru, hapana yezvirwere izvi-zvinodzivirirwa zvakagadziriswa.
Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji isingawanzoitiki muUnited States, kuputika kwemasero kunowedzera kuwanda, uye takaona nhamba dzezvinyorwa zvekukura kwemasero mumakore achangobva kupfuura, uye dzakawanda zvezviitiko muvana vane vabereki avo vakaramba kuti vawane vaccinated.mall breakbreaks of measles are kuva yakajairika, uye takaona nhamba dzezvinyorwa zvemapukisi emapukisi mumakore achangobva kupfuura, uye dzakawanda dzezviitiko muvana vane vabereki avo vakaramba kuti vawane zvirwere.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvekudzivirira-zvinodzivirirwa zvinosanganisira:
- Kuenderera mberi kunopararira kunopera muCalifornia uye kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda
- Inoshambadza kubuda mune dzimwe nyika, iyo inoda kusvika katatu matambudziko emasero muna 2008 kusvika kumatambudziko 140, vazhinji vakabatanidzwa kune vashomanana vasina kuvharwa avo vakanga vabuda kunze kweUnited States, uye apo vana vakawanda vasina kubhadhara vasina kuregererwa kwechiremba vakawana masero panguva kubuda uku, kwakabatanidzawo vana vakawanda vaduku vaduku kuti vawane chirongwa cheMMR. Izvi zvinoputika masikisi, uye gore ra2011 richiva rimwe gore rerekodzero, makumi maviri nemakumi maviri emhosva, kunyanya mumakore gumi nemashanu.
- Mavhiri ekuAmerica (2006) uye New York neNew Jersey (2009)
Vana vanopora dzimwe nguva vanorwara mune izvi zvinoputika, kunyanya pavanotarisana nehutachiona hwakafanana nemakumbo, umo chirwere chacho chinongova 76 kusvika ku 95% chaicho, kunyange mushure memazi maviri, asi ngozi yevana vasina kuwana zvirwere ndeyekuti zvakakwirira kwazvo.
Izvi zvinotungamirira kune imwe yenzira dzakanyatsojeka dzekudzivirira: vana vasina kuvhara vanogona kuisa vamwe vana pangozi yekuwana chirwere chinodzivirirwa chirwere, kana nekuda kwekuti vaduku vaduku kuti vasapirwe, havagoni kuvharwe, kana kuti nokuti chirwere chavo chakanga chisina kushanda .
Wana Dzidzo. Wana Vaccidzwa. Dzoka Kuputika.
Sources:
American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Yakakurudzirwa Vana uye Kuyaruka Purogiramu Yokudzivirira - United States, 2011. Pediatrics. 2011; 127; 387-388.
CDC. Nhema dzenhema pamusoro peShailand Influenza uye Influenza Vaccines. Yakasvika muna February 2011.
CDC. Dhiyabhorosi-Kuedza Kuedza Kuedza Mukupindira Kudzoka Kwezvimwe Zvokudya pakati peChechi-Vana Vakwegura - United States, 1989-1991. MMWR. July 24, 1992/41 (29); 522-525.
> Zvose zvinokurudzirwa nezvekudzivirira. Zvirongwa zveDare reMakurukota pamusoro pemiti yekudzivirira (ACIP). MMWR. January 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
> Kreesten M. Madsen. Thimerosal uye Kuitika kweAvism: Hutadzi Hwakanaka hwehuMwari Kubva Danish Dunhu-Dheyo Dheyo. Pediatrics, Sep 2003; 112: 604 - 606.
Measles --- United States, January 1 - April 25, 2008. MMWR. May 1, 2008/57 (Early Release); 1-4.
> Paul A. Offit, MD. Kutaura neVabereki Vanonetseka: Mishonga Inobata Zvigadziri Zvinokuvadza, Zvokugadzirisa, Zvinyorwa, kana Vakagarikana? PEDIATRICS Vol. 112 Nha. 6 December 2003, mapeji 1394-1397.
WHO. Hurumende yenyika uye zvirwere. Shanduro yechitatu. 2009.