Izvo zvinowanzoitika. Mubereki anounza mwana muhofisi yechiremba nokuda kwegore ravo rega muviri, uye mupi wehutano anopa mazano kuti awane chirwere.
"Zvinotarisirwa kuchikoro here?" Mubereki anobvunza. "Kana zvisiri, ipapo tichapfuura."
Zvichida vari kukurumidza. Kana kuti zvichida ivo vanozeza kubhadhara zvimwe zvinopfuura zvakakosha. Asi zvirwere "zvakarumbidzwa" zvinoramba zvichidiwa mune zvemishonga-kunyange kana zvisingatongorirwi?
Kune zvakawanda zvakavhiringidzika zvakapoteredza kusiyana pakati pe "zvirongwa" uye "zvinoda" zvirwere-kunyange pakati pevashandi vezvehutano. Asi kunzwisisa kusiyana kwakakosha mukudzivirira hutano nekuchengeteka kwako iwe nemhuri yako. Hezvino izvo zvaunoda kuziva.
Ndiani Anoisa Chirwere Zvirongwa?
Gore roga rega, Centers for Disease Control uye Prevention (CDC) inoparidza chirongwa chekudzivirira chirwere chepasi rose. Iyi purogiramu inosanganiswa neboka rezvenyanzvi gumi nemashanu rinozivikanwa seKomiti Yemazano yeZviito Zvokudzivirira (ACIP). Nhengo dzeboka racho dzine ruzivo rwehutano hwehutano uye hutano, sezvakaitwa navanachiremba, vatsvakurudzi uye vadzidzisi vezvirwere, kusanganisira mumiririri wevanhu vanogona kupa maonero pamusoro pehupenyu hwehutano hwehutachiona.
Iyi purogiramu inofanirwa kupa huwandu hwakawanda hwekudzivirirwa sekuchengeteka sezvinobvira kune munhu wose, kutanga nemutachiona wokutanga wakapiwa zuva rawakaberekerwa.
Purogiramu yacho yakakamurwa nemakore. Semuenzaniso, ACIP inokurudzira kuti iyo inofanirwa, vane makore gumi nemakore vane utano vakanaka vanofanira kuwana zvirwere zvina gore iro kudzivirira kurwisa meningitis, makondombera anokonzerwa naHIVV, anokwira chifuva , uye chirwere.
Iyi purogiramu inovandudzwa gore roga roga kuti ione kuti inogara ichibva pane zvinyorwa zvitsva-kusvika-zvino maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwekudzivirira nekugadzirisa.
Inoshandiswa nevashandi vezvokurapa munyika yose kuti vachengetedze varwere, uye dzimwe nguva nehurumende dzehurumende kuti vaone kuti zvii zvirwere zvinofanira kudiwa kuchikoro.
Mandatory Vaccinations
Kune chikoro-chirongwa chinodiwa chinodiwa, humwe humwe hunoita huwandu hwezvimwe zvirwere zvinoshandiswa nevadzidzi vasati vapinda mavhesi chaiwo kana nemakore chaiwo, kana kuti havazobvumirwi kuenda kuchikoro. Somugumisiro, zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana munyika yose. Vadzidzi muKansas City, Missouri vanogona kutarisirwa kuti vave nehana imwe chete yemushonga we meningococcal pafaira vasati vatanga gwaro re8, apo vavakidzani vavo muKansas City, Kansas havakwanisi.
Kakawanda sei zvirongwa izvi zvinoongororwa kana kuvandudzwa zvinowanzosiyana. Nemhaka yokuti mamwe masangano eparamende anosangana kamwe chete mumakore maviri, zvirwere zvitsva zvakakurudzirwa neCDC zvinogona kutora makore kuwedzerwa-kana.
Ndivanaani vari mukati mehurumende yehurumende vanosarudza kuti zvipi zvirongwa zvinotarisirwa zvinosiyanawo nehurumende. Dzimwe nyika dzinogona kupfuudza mutemo kuti dzive nemishonga kune vamwe vadzidzi, asi vamwe vangaita kuti dhipatimendi rehutano hwehutongi ione kuti chii chinofanira kuitwa kuchikoro. Kufanana neAACIP, miviri iyi inowanzovimba nekutsvakurudza kuti ivatungamirire pane zvipi zvirwere zvinosanganisira, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvinogonawo kutaridzirwa-zvakadai sezvematongerwe enyika, tsika dzetsika, kana zvigaro.
Semuenzaniso, chirwere chepfupa chinokurudzirwa neCDC gore roga roga kuti zvienzane nemishonga inoshandura inoparadzanisa firimu yega yega. Asi kuongorora kuti mudzidzi wese akagamuchira chirwere chake chinopfura gore rimwe nerimwe rechikoro raizova basa guru kune vanamukoti vekuchikoro, uye hazvikwanisi kuonekwa sezvinobvira nehurumende dzehurumende.
Nyika dzingadawo zvirwere kune mamwe mapoka, sevadzidzi vekoroji kana vashandi vekuchengeta vana, uye masangano ega ega nemakambani anogonawo kutsvaga zvirwere kune vashandi vavo, sezvipatara zvinoda kuti vashandi vachengetedzwe nehupatitis B.
Mandatory Vaccination vs. Inceded Vaccination
Mhedziso ye "kumanikidzwa kumanikidzwa" inotyisa uye ine chisimba.
Asi nepo kushungurudzika kwevana kuchinjwa pasi nevakuru vakuru vehurumende apo vabereki vavo vasingabatsiri kupopotera kunomanikidzika zvechokwadi kunomanikidzira-chokwadi chaicho chinoshamisa.
Vose makumi mashanu vanofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kwevana, asi izvi hazvirevi kuti vana vari kumanikidzwa kuti vachengetwe. Zvinotarisirwa ndezvishoma kune avo vanoenda kuchikoro, uye kunyange zvakadaro, vabereki vasingadi kupora vachakwanisa kusarudza.
Munyika yose, vana vasingafanirwi kugamuchira zvirwere zvezvikonzero zvekurapa-zvakadai sekuputika kana kurwara-vanogona kugamuchira kurapwa kwezvechiremba kune zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira. Uye mune zvose kunze kwematatu-California, Mississippi, uye West Virginia-vabereki vane kodzero yekubuda mumakemikari nekuda kwechikonzero chekurapa, sekushusha kwechitendero kurwisa. Mune dzimwe nyika, chirongwa chekuwana kusingabhadhari kwechiremba kumwana kwakajeka sekunyora fomu. Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa inosanganisira vabereki vari kutungamira mudzimu wekudzidzisa kana kupa mazano nechiremba pane njodzi uye zvinobatsira zvekudzivirira vasati vawana mukana. Uye kunyange zvingasava nguva dzose inofadza kana kuti yakasarudzwa yevabereki, vana vomusha vanoregererwa kubva kuchikoro chekuzvidzivirira, zvakare.
Kunyangwe nemikana iyi yekubuda mumakemikari, zvisinei, chete 2 muzana yevadzidzi vanoita.
Kukosha Kwekurudzirwa Mishonga
Kunyange zvazvo nyika ichienderera mberi kuwedzera zvidikanwi zvekudzivirira chikoro, hazvisi sezvenyika-uye naizvozvo kwete sekudzivirirwa-sekugadzirirwa kwatinoitwa neCDC.
Somuenzaniso, apo nyika dzakawanda dzinoda meningococcal uye kuputsika-kana "kugunzva" -vaccin for the teenage student, chete chete inoda mushonga we HPV, uye kwete imwe nyika inoda chirwere. Izvi zvinopesana nekuti hutachiona neHIVV zvinouraya vanhu vakawanda muUnited States.
Maererano nemushumo weYunivhesiti yeTexas MD Anderson Cancer Center muHouston, vatatu chete pamatanhatu emakondani akabatanidzwa neHIVV vanouraya vanhu vanenge 7 000 pagore muUnited States, vachienzanisa ne500 kubva ku meningitis uye pertussis. Izvo zvose zvakajeka pakuenzanisa nekufungidzirwa kwema 12 000-56,000 vakafa vanokonzerwa gore negore. Ichi ndicho chikonzero CDC inorayira zvirwere zvinopesana nezvirwere izvi zvina zvevechidiki mumakore gumi nemaviri. Izvo zvakakosha zvakafanana mumaziso eAACIP kudzivirira utano hwevechiri kuyaruka, asi haisi zvose zvinodiwa kuchikoro.
Kana chirwere chisina kudikanwa kuti munhu wose awane, ACIP ine nzira dzekuratidza kuti zvinowedzera. Semuenzaniso, komiti yakapa chirwere cheMingingococcal B "chirongwa" munguva yegore ra2015, zvichida kuchisiya kune vanopa utano kuti vaite chisarudzo nevarwere kana chirwere chacho chakakodzera pane nyaya-ne-kesi.
Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya
Pasi pepamusoro: Chirwere chinodiwa zvinowanikwa pasi. Nemhaka yokuti nguva yakakurudzirwa yakanyanyisa, avo vanoitevera havangave nechinetso chekuita musangano kuchikoro kana basa. Zvisinei, kuwana chete izvo zvinodiwa zvinokusiya uchinetseka kudzivirirwa-uye zvingave zvakakomba-zvirwere.
> Sources:
> Ashrawi D, Javaid M, Stevens L, Bello R, Ramondetta L. University of Texas MD Anderson Kanzura Centre. HPV Vaccine Uptake muTexas Pediatric Care Settings: 2014-2015 Environmental Scan Report.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Yakakurudzirwa Kuvharirwa kwevana nevechiri kuyaruka Makore gumi nematanhatu kana vaduku, United States, 2017.
> Immunization Action Coalition. State Information.
> National Conference of State Legislatures. Nyika nechitendero kana mafirososi Kuvhiringidzika kubva kuchikoro chekudzivirira kudiwa.