Sezvo vatsvakurudzi vanowana nzira itsva uye dzakachengeteka dzekurwisa zvirwere zvinokuvadza, hurongwa hweAmerica hwemishonga hwakakura zvikuru. Mazuva ano, vana vacheche vacheche uye vechidiki vanochengetedzwa kubva kuzvirwere 16 uye 7 marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekenza -far kupfuura vabereki vavo kana vanasekuru.
Nepo vabereki vakawanda vakagamuchira kuchinja uku, vamwe vanonetseka pamusoro pekuwedzera kwenhamba nekuwanda kwezvirwere vana vanowana mumakore mashomanana ekutanga ehupenyu uye vanoshamisika kuti kana kwete here purogiramu yakachengeteka kutevera.
Zvakasikwa kuchenjerera. Nekuwana ruzivo rwezvakawanda zvinopesana nedzidziso uye nenyaya dzinoshungurudza pamagariro evanhu, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuti vabereki vazive kuti ndiani anokurudzira kuvimba-kunyanya kana paine hutano. Ndosaka zvakakosha zvikuru kuwana ruzivo rwakanakisisa rwekuti chirongwa chekudzivirira chirwere chinowanzoitwa sei, uye nei ichifungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka uye yakanakisisa yekudzivirira vana kubva kune zvirwere zvakakomba zvakakomba.
Ndiani anosarudza Purogiramu Yokuzvidzivirira Kwevana?
Kunyange zvazvo Zvokudya uye Drug Administration (FDA) inosarudza kana zvirwere zvingatengeswa muU.S., iyo Komiti Inokurudzira Kuita Zvokudzivirira (ACIP) inopa mazano pamusoro pemishonga ipi inofanira kupiwa uye nguva. Aya mazano anokurumidza kugamuchirwa neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uye American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), uye inoshandiswa nemapoka ezvokurapa munyika yose kuti vachengetedze varwere.
IAACIP iboka revanhu vanozvipira rwehutano hwehutano uye nyanzvi dzezvehutano dzinosanganisira:
- Boka revamiririri gumi neshanu vanosarudzwa vakasarudzwa neMunyori weDhipatimendi reMweya weUnited States neHuman Services mushure mekushandiswa uye kusarudzwa. Pakati peboka iri, 14 vane ruzivo rwakawanda mune zvehutano kana hutano huri pachena hune chokuita nehutachiona, zvakadai sevanotsvakurudza, vanachiremba, uye vanachiremba vane zvirwere zvinotapukira. Mumwechete ndiye mutaridzi wekutengesa anogona kupa maonero pamusoro pemigumisiro shoma yakananga yerongwa hwekudzivirira, sekuti kushandurwa kwepurogiramu kunogona kukanganisa sei munharaunda.
- Vamiririri vanobva kumarudzi akawanda emasangano akaita seAAP uye American Academy of Family Physicians. Aya nhengo anokwanisa kupa njere uye maonero pane zvingave mazano kana kuchinja kune purogiramu, asi havakwanisi kuvhota.
Kuti dzidzivirire pakurwisana kwevanhu vanofarira, vashandi vane zvibatano zvemazuva ano kune vashandi vekudzivirira vanorambidzwa, uye vatsvakurudzi vari kushingaira mukudzidza zvimwe zvirwere havagoni kupinda muvhoti dzine chokuita nemishonga inodzidza kana zvirwere zvakagadzirwa nemakambani vanobhadhara tsvakurudzo yavo.
Inowanzoita sei chirongwa chekudzivirira?
IAACIP inosangana katatu pagore kuti iende pane zvese zvinowanikwa ikozvino zviripo pamusoro pezvinhu zvine chokuita nemishonga uye kuvandudza purogiramu yakakodzera. Kuita kuti hurongwa huve hwakajeka sezvinobvira, komiti inotumira maminitsi emisangano yavo uye yakagadzirisa agendas kumusoro kwewebsite yeCDC, uye misangano yose yeAACIP inosvinurira vanhu uye inoparidzirwa kurarama kuburikidza nehutachiona.
Pakati pemisangano, nhengo dzinoshanda pamapoka mashoma emabasa anotarisa zvirwere uye zvirwere. Aya mapoka anobata zvese zvitsvakurudzo zvitsva-kusanganisira ruzivo rwemishonga asi huchagamuchirwa neRWA-kuitira kuti iite shomanana komiti yose. Zvirwere zvitsva zvinokurukurwa kakawanda, uye zvinoramba zvichivandudzwa kubva kumapoka emabasa, vasati vatombofungidzirwa kuwedzerwa kurongwa hwekudzivirira.
Apo vato rekuvhota vhoti, vanofunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira:
- Ikoko chirwere chakachengeteka uye chinoshanda kana chakapiwa pamazera chaiwo uye nemamwe mishonga inopiwa panguva imwe chete here?
- Chirwere chinodzivirira kurwisana nechirwere chakakomba uye chinogona kuisa upenyu kana chiitiko here?
- Ko vazhinji vana vachawana chirwere ichi kana vasina kuwana chirwere here?
- Ndezvipi zvinobatsira izvi zvingave zvevarwere uye vashandi vekurapa vatevere?
Pashure pemibvunzo iyi yese uye zvakawanda zvakanyatsokurukurwa uye kukakavadzana, uye vanhu vakapiwa mukana wekugoverana pfungwa dzavo panguva yemisangano, komiti inosarudza kuisa, kubvisa kana kuchinja mamwe mazano uye itsva, yakarongwa purogiramu yakabudiswa pa kutanga kwegore rega rega kare.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti purogiramu iyi haisi yekuudza vabereki kuti ndeipi zvirwere zvinotarisirwa kuchikoro. Nhamba iyo yakagadzwa nehurumende yehurumende yega yega. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechokutungamirira vanachiremba, vabereki, uye vanochengetedza kuti ndeipi zvirwere zvinofanira kupiwa nguva dzose zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu.
Iko Gore Rokuzvidzivirira Rokugadzirira Rakaiswa MuDombo here?
Nhepfenyuro inobva kumitambo yakataurwa pamusoro apa ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka uye yakakwana yekudzivirira vana kubva kune zvirwere, zvichibva pane zvitsvakurudzo zvezvino.
Pane imwe nguva kurumbidzwa kunoitwa uye purogiramu inodhindwa, kuongorora hakuregi. IAACIP inogadzira purogiramu inobva pane data yose yavari nayo panguva ino, asi ruzivo rutsva runounganidza nguva dzose. Kana pane imwe nguva tsvakurudzo ichitaura kune chirwere chisina kuchengeteka kana chakabudirira sezvakafunga kare, kana kana mizizi inoda kuwedzerwa kana kuparadzaniswa zvakasiyana, purogiramu inogadziriswa.
Semuenzaniso, muna 2016 ACIP yakasarudza kuti isasarudze chirongwa chepasipure chinoshandisa chirwere chekurwisa. Apo yakatanga kusunungurwa, dangwanani rekutanga pamusoro pemubhedha rakaratidza kuti raive rakabudirira-kana risingarevi-kudarika chinowanzoita chirwere. Asi tsvakurudzo itsva kubva muna 2013-2015 yakaratidza kuti haina kunyanya kushanda kupfuura yakatenda kare. Mukuona kwemashoko matsva, ACIP yakadonha mazano ayo ehupenyu hunouya, uye panzvimbo iyo yakakurudzira kuti munhu wese anopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu awane tsika, inorwara chirwere chepfu .
Basa reAACIP nderokuongorora zvipfeko zvinopesana nezvibatsiro, uye apo zvinobatsira zvekudzivirira chirwere chepachirwere chinenge chisina kukwanisa kuwedzera njodzi dzinosangana nayo, vakashandura purogiramu kuti varatidze izvozvo.
Iro Purogiramu Inoshandisa Yakakodzera Kune Wose Here?
Kunyange zvazvo hurongwa hwehutano hwakagadzirirwa kuti hushandiswe zvakakwana kuvana vose vezera rimwe, pane vana vanogona kuda kutevera purogiramu yakagadziriswa nekuda kwehutano kana zvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Vana vari kugovera vanogamuchira, somuenzaniso, kazhinji havagoni kuwana zvirwere zvinorarama , sevaya vanopesana nemasikisi kana makumbo, nokuti kudzivirirwa kwemuviri wavo kunowedzera simba. Vaya vari pane imwe-yakawanda-yakawanda-inotapukira kune zvirwere zvinokonzera meningitis zvinogona kudiwa kuti vachengetwe munguva yekare kupfuura vezera ravo.
IAACIP inotora vana ivavo kutarisa uye ine mazita ezasi pasi pemahedheni ekupa mazano kune vashandi vezvokurapa kune avo vanofanira kunonoka, kukurumidza, kuwedzera kana kubvisa dzimwe zvirwere uye nguva. Nokuda kwehuwandu hwevana nevechiri kuyaruka, zvakadaro, kunamatira kune purogiramu yakakurudzirwa nguva ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuenda nayo.
Zvakakosha Kutevera Mamiriro Akasiyana Here?
Kunyange kana vabereki vachikoshesa zvirwere sechinhu chinokosha chekuchengetedza hutano hwevana vavo, vanogona kunge vachizeza kutevera purogiramu yakakurudzirwa. Vamwe, pane kudaro, vanosarudza kunonoka kana kusiya zvimwe zvirwere kana kusarudza ku "nzvimbo kunze" doses kuitira kuti vana vavo vawane kamwe chete panguva. Mukuita kudaro, vanotarisira kuderedza ngozi dzinobatanidza nekudzivirira, asi kutevera marudzi aya emamwe mapurogiramu angakwanisa kuwedzera zvipingamupinyi.
Haisi kungoisa majekiseni kunze kwekuti vachengetedze vana vanotambura kune zvirwere kwenguva yakareba kupfuura zvinodiwa-vachivaisa pangozi yekuwana zvirwere zvakadai semasikisi nekukandira chifuva pavanomirira kuti vachengetwe-asi vanodawo kuendesa kakawanda kuhofisi yechiremba kwavanogona kubata dzimwe zvirwere pamwe chete.
Asi zvichida zvinonyanya kukosha, chirongwa chekudzivirira chirwere chechidiki chakaitwa neAACIP chakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vana kare-asiwo sekuchengeteka-sezvinogoneka. Kupa zvirwere mumakwikwi akasiyana kana panguva dzakasiyana-siyana kunogona kuita kuti vasanyanya kushanda, kana kuti kuita migumisiro yechirwere. Hatizivi. Kunyange zvazvo tichigara tichidzidza kuchengetedzwa uye kubudirira kweAACIP mazano, hatina dhata imwechete yemarongwa akafananidzwa.
Kugadzirisa purogiramu inobva pane zvaunotenda kana zvaunofarira hazvibvisi matambudziko - zvinongotsvaga zvinetso zvevabereki vari kutora.
Vaccine Schedules Kusiyana Kubva Munyika Yenyika-uye Zvakanaka
Kunyange zvazvo United States iine purogiramu yakafanana yekuzvidzivirira kune iyo inoshandiswa neUnited Kingdom kana Australia, nguva uye marudzi ezvirwere zvakasiyana. Uye ndizvo zvakaita nyika dzakasiyana. Izvo kune rumwe rutivi rwenyika kuti rongorore purogiramu yavo yekuzvidzivirira inobva pakuzviongorora kwayo yezvibvumirano zvichienderana nematambudziko. Zvinokonzera kufanana nechirwere chakajairika uye kuti varwere vanowana sei zvirwere uye kurapwa kunogona kusiyana zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kune dzimwe nyika, uye izvi zvichinyanya kukosha pakurwisana kana zvirwere zvichifanira kupiwa.
World Health Organization inobatsira mune izvi kuburikidza nekupa mazano pamusoro pezvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvirwere, kunyange zvingafanirwa kuti zvirongwa izvi zvinoshandiswa kushandiswa sezviri kutaurwa nehurongwa hwekudzivirira zvirongwa zvenyika, kwete varwere kana vanachiremba.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Nezve ACIP.
> Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Broder KR, et al. Kudzivirirwa uye Kudzora Kwechirwere Chechirwere Chechirwere neHIV Zvirongwa zveDare Rinokurudzira Kuita Zvokudzivirira - United States, 2016-17 Influenza Season . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2016; 65 (5): 3.
> Robinson CL, Romero JR, Kempe A, Pellegrini C. Komisheni yeDare Rekudzivirira Kuzvidzivirira Kunorayirwa Kuvhara Purogiramu yevana nevechiri kuyaruka Makore 18 kana vaduku - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017; 66: 134-135.