Yakanyatsobatana-Asi Asi Yakasiyana
Mamwe mapatya akafanana zvakafanana-kana kuti ivo? Mushure mezvose, ivo vanogara vachiita zvepabonde, vanoona zvakafanana, vanowanzopfeka zvakafanana (kana kuti vanaamai vavo vanozvishongedza zvakafanana pavanenge vashoma), uye vanowanzogovana dzimwe nzira nemamwe maitiro.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa pamusoro pemapatya akafanana ndeokuti, "Vane DNA yakafanana here?" Verenga pamusoro pekudzidza mhinduro, uye nei ichikosha.
Maitiro Akafanana Maviri Akaumbwa
Zita rezvechiremba remafa akafanana monozygotic twins. Mono zvinoreva imwe uye zygote zvinoreva sero iyo yakaumbwa nezai pamwe nehupundu-zvakafanana mapatya anoshandiswa apo zygote imwe chete inoparadzaniswa kuva mbiri. Sezvo zygotes mbiri dzinoenda kumubereki, ivo vanoramba vachiparadzanisa nekukura. Masayendisiti haazive chinokonzera zygote imwe kuti iparadzanise kuva vanhu vaviri. Nenzira inonzi inoonekwa sekusashanda kwezvinoitika pakugadzirisa.
Zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvakasikwa nenzira iyi zvinogovana DNA imwechete, iyo inomirira deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA inoumbwa nema chromosomes ane ruzivo rwemashoko anogadzirisa zvinhu zvose pamusoro pedu-kubva muvara hwebvudzi redu uye maziso kumatambo edu emitambo uye unhu hwedu.
Kunyange zvazvo mapatya akafanana ane DNA imwe chete, haisi iyo yakanyatsofanana. Zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinogona kuita kuti munhu ave nechimiro chemuviri, somuenzaniso, uye epigenetic zvinokonzera kusaenzana semakore mapatya.
Epigenome inotsanangura makemikari kuchinja mukati meDNA semakore akawanda. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei mapatya akafanana anogona kuva akasiyana , pasinei nekuonekwa, chimiro, kana unhu.
Pamwechete kana kuti Hama?
Mikana yekuve yakafanana mapatya anenge anenge 3 mu1000 uye anenge chikamu chetatu chemapatya ose monozygotic.
Mazhinji mapatya ari dizygotic , inobudiswa apo mazai maviri akasiyana anogadzirwa nemaviri maviri evanhu. Imwe nzira yekuziva kana mapatya maviri ehutano mumwechete akafanana kana ehama (mapatya akasiyana-siyana anogara ari hama), ndeyekuongorora DNA.
Muenzaniso weDNA unowanikwa nokuputira mukati mejaya rimwe nerimwe, ipapo sampu dzinoendeswa kumusangano uyo, kazhinji kubhadharwa, uchaongorora uye kuenzanisa DNA kubva kune mumwe nomumwe. Chimwe chiitiko cheDNA chakaitwa pamapatya e monozygotic chichadzoka mitezo ne 99.99 muzana zvakafanana. Zvisinei, DNA kubva kune dzisina kufanana (mukoma kana kuti dizygotic) mapatya achawanzova anenge 50 kubva kuzana kusvika 75 muzana akafanana. Kune mababa akawanda kana mhuri dzine mapatya, nzira chete yekuziva nayo chokwadi kana iri yakafanana kana yehama ndeyekuongorora DNA.
Kubva Kuurayiwa?
Nemhaka yokuti mapatya akafanana ane DNA yakafanana, zvinenge zvisingakwanisi kusiyanisa pakati pevanhu ava pavanoongorora DNA yekuongorora vana kana kuti uchapupu hwemhosva. Zvakawanda zvakavanzika zvinyorwa, saga, uye nhau dzemhosva dzakashandisa izvi sechikwata chemaitiro. Inguva yakareba sei iyo nyaya mune hupenyu chaihwo, zvakadaro? Ko mapatya akafanana anogona kubvisa mhosva yakakwana here?
Zvaitika. MunaJanuary 2009, chikwata chemafa akafanana chakanga chichifungidzirwa muGermany jewelry heist. Nhatu mbavha dzakapinda mune dhipatimendi rekutsvaga dhiki nekusvetera pasi tambo dzichibva kumatenga uye dzakapukunyuka nezvishongo zvinodarika $ 6 mamiriyoni. Vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kubvisa shanduro yeDNA kubva padonho rekutuka rakawanikwa pane rakarambidzwa rakagadzirwa ne latex rakawanikwa panzvimbo yacho ndokucherechedza vaviri vanopomerwa, mapatya akafanana Hassan naAbbas O. (Mutemo wechiGermany haubvumiri mazita akazara kuti aonekwe). varume vakasungwa uye vakapomerwa mhosva asi pakupedzisira vakasunungurwa apo zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuziva kuti ndiani aive akapindira mukupara mhosva.
Panguva ino, teknolojia haisipo kuti iongorore DNA pamwero wakatarwa kusiyanisa pakati pezvidzidzo kubva pamapatya akafanana. Zvisinei, zvinotarisirwa kuti kuongorora kweDNA kuchachinja kune imwe nzvimbo iyo inogona kuona kuoneka kwepigenetic kushanduka kuripo mumapatya. Hakusi kungobatsira chete masayendisiti ekuongorora, asi zvinogona kubatsirawo kuziva mazita ekuberekwa anokonzerwa nekenza nedzimwe zvirwere.
Zvinofadza kuti imwe nzira yekare-kare mukuongorora upombwe inogona kushandiswa kusarura pakati pemapatya. Zvinyorwa zveminwe zvinopupurirwa zvinogona kubatsira "kuisa munwe" kune vanopara mhosva, kunyange kana vakafanana mapatya. Ndizvo nokuti kunyange mapatya akafanana ane mimwe miviri yakasiyana.