Kuzvidzora Kunounza Sei Kubudirira?
Nyika yemazuva ano inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kupfuura kare kare kudzidzisa vana kushushikana kwekutonga. Shure kwezvose, isu tashandiswa kugutsikana kwekanguva.
Sezvo mabhizimusi anozvirumbidza, "Hakuna mitsara, kwete kumirira," uye maTV anotaridzirwa paIndaneti anotidzivirira kuti tisafanira kumirira kuburikidza nekutengesa, tine mikana shoma yekuita kushivirira.
Kudzora, asi, zvinokosha kuti mwana wako abudirire. Kwete zvinhu zvose muhupenyu zvinoitika pakarepo.
Kunyangwe mwana wako achida kuchengeta mari yekutenga kukuru, kana ari kuedza kudzidza unyanzvi hutsva, kuzvidzora ndicho chinhu chinokosha.
Kufurira Kudzora kunobatanidzwa neChikoro Chekuita
Vana vane kuzvidzora vanogona kubudirira kumira mumutsara, kumirira nguva yavo pavanotamba mutambo uye vachifunga vasati vaita. Vanowanzova nebudiriro yakawanda nevezera ravo nokuti vanokwanisa kudzivisa kusangana nevezera uye kugadzirisa zvinetso kubudirira.
Kudzora kwekutsvaga kunobatsirawo kubudirira mune zvidzidzo zvakare. Kuzvidzora kwakapetwa kaviri zvakakosha sekungwara pazvinosvika mukubudirira mune zvidzidzo, maererano neuroscience vatsvakurudzi Sandra Aamodt naSam Wang, avo vakanyora nezve "Welcome to Your Child's Brain."
Vana vanogona kudzora mafungiro avo vanokwanisa kukwanisa kufunga nezvemhinduro dzavo vasati vavanyora pasi uye vane hutano hwakanaka hwekufunga kuti vagadzirise zvinetso. Vanogona kubvumira kushungurudzika kukuru pakugadzirisa zvinetso zvakare.
Chimiro cheMarshalmallow
Shanduro yeStanford Marshmallow Kuedza kunotsanangura kukosha kwekudzivirira kwevamwe vana. Yakabatanidza ruzhinji rwekuedza kwakaitwa muma1960 nema1970 naWalter Mischel, purofesa paStanford University.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaedza mano evana kuti vakanonoka kugutsikana.
Vana vari pakati pemakore mana ne6 vakapiwa chisarudzo pakati peimwe marshmallow ikozvino kana maruva maviri emarimomine mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu.
Vana vakawanda vakaedza kumirira maminetsi gumi nemashanu kuitira kuti vave nemafungu maviri. Zvisinei, vazhinji vavo vakapinda mumuedzo uye chete vanenge makumi matatu kubva muzana zvevana vakabudirira pakunonoka kugutsikana. Vaya vakakwanisa kumirira vakaratidzira kukwanisa kugadzirisa kushushikana uye kugadzirisa kutsamwa kwavo .
Vana vakabudirira pakunonoka kugutsikana vakakwanisa kuzvivhiringidza uye vanoshandisa kuzvitaurira kuti vadzidzise pachavo sezvavakamirira. Vamwe vana vakabudirira kuburikidza nekudzikisa muedzo. Vamwe vana vakazvinyengedza kuti maruva ari gore asi vamwe vakazvitaurira kuti chaingova mufananidzo we marshmallow panzvimbo chaiyo chaiye.
Chidzidzo chekutevera pamusoro pevana vaikwanisa kunonoka kugutsikana vakawana zviitiko zvishomanana zvinetso. Vaivewo vakakurumbira nevezera ravo uye vakakwanisa kusimbisa ushamwari kwenguva refu.
Kutonga kwavo kwakasimba kwakavashumira zvakanaka gare gare muupenyu. Vana vaikwanisa kunonoka kugutsikana pakutanga kwaive nepamusoro SAT scores sevechiri kuyaruka.
Chidzidzo che 2017 chakabudiswa muEconomics Letters chakawana kuti ucheche kuzvidzora kunofanotaura kana munhu aizotsigira hurongwa hwekurega basa semunhu mukuru.
Vatsvakurudzi vakapedzisa hutano kuzvidzora kunofananidzira 4 kusvika ku5 kubva muzana muhutano hwepamusoro hwekuwana penheji.
Kazhinji Masimba Kudzora neZera
Hezvino izvo zvaunogona kutarisira kubva kumwana wako pane imwe nhanho yekufambira mberi:
- Vana vaduku - Vana vaduku havafariri kushanda nesimba mukati mezvinhu zvose zvehupenyu hwavo. Vanozvikanda pasi, varova , kana kurova vasina hanya uye izvi zvinowanzoitika. Zvisinei, inguva yakakura kutanga kutanga pfungwa yekutsungirira kumwana wako.
- Preschoolers - Preschoolers vana vanofanira kunge vachiratidza kushatirwa zvishomanana uye vanofanira kunge vachiwana unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko. Zvisinei, zvakajairika kuti varambe vaine dzimwe nguva, kusanganisira kushungurudza.
- Vadzidzi veChikoro chekuChikoro - Bhuku rekuchikoro vana vanofanira kuva nekutonga kwakanaka pakugadziriswa kwepfungwa pazvinouya kumitumbi yavo. Vanowanzosakwanisa kubata chimwe chinhu kubva muruoko rwomumwe munhu uye vanofanira kukwanisa kugadzirisa dambudziko pasina mufambiro wechisimba . Zvakajairika kuti vatambure nemanzwiro emashoko, sezvo vazhinji vavo vachiri kuramba vachitaura zvisina maturo mazwi kana kupindura mhinduro pasina kufunga.
- Vechidiki - Kunyange zvazvo vechidiki vakawanda vachida kutaura kuti vane huzere hwakakwana pamusoro pemafungiro avo, hazvigoneki. Kana ichienzaniswa nevanhu vakuru, vechidiki vanoita sevari kukura zvakanyanya, kune dzimwe pfungwa dzisingatauriki, uye vanowanzosangana nevezera ravo. Kuvandudza kwavo hukama kunoramba kuchiita kuti vakwanise kuisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvenguva pfupi pane kutsvaga kwenguva yakareba pane dzimwe nguva.
Dzidzisa Kuzvidzora
Kudzora kwekutsvaga hakusi maitiro akangwara. Ndiyo unyanzvi hwakadzidza uyo mwana upi zvake anogona kukura asi iwe unoda kudzidzisa mwana wako mano ekudzivirira kwekudzivirira.
Nekuita uye kutungamira, iye achavandudza mano ake okufunga asati agadzirisa. Uye iwe unogona kudzivisa matambudziko akawanda ekutenda vasati vatanga .
Sources:
Aamodt S, Wang S. Tinogamuchirwa neBrian Child's Brain. New York, NY. Bloomsbury USA. 2012.
Casey, BJ, et al. (2011). Maitiro uye neural correlates ekunonoka kwekugutsikana makore 40 gare gare. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (36), 14998-15003.
Lades LK, Egan M, Delaney L, Daly M. Childhood kuzvidzora uye munhu mukuru wepensheni kubatanidzwa. Economics Tsamba . 2017; 161: 102-104.