Mavhiki mashoma sei? Ndiyo yekutanga mibvunzo inobvunzwa navanhu pamusoro pewaini nemawanda. Kungoita zvekutanga kwehutachiona kune ngozi yokuti vazhinji vezvipembenene vanotarisana, uye migumisiro yekuberekwa kwepakutanga inokonzera kubva kune zvishoma kusvika kuhupenyu hunotyisidzira. Mavhuro aDimes anofungidzira kuti zvinopfuura 50% mapatya, 90% ezvitatu uye zvinenge zvese zvitanhatu uye zvakakwirira-mazana zvinowanzoberekwa, kana kuti isati yava yevhiki 37 yekuzvitakura.
Pakutanga kuberekwa, inowedzera njodzi yezvinetso zvevana.
Kunyange zvazvo kufambira mberi mune teknolojia yezvokurapa kwakanyatsogadzirisa maonero evana vasati vasvika, nhamba yekuberekwa nguva isati yakwana yakawedzerawo, ichiita kuti kusagadzikana kuve chikonzero chinokonzera kufa kwechangoberekwa uye chikonzero chechipiri chinokonzera rufu muvana vasati vava nemakore mashanu. Munyika yose, mumwe muvana gumi munyika yose anoberekwa nguva pfupi.
Migumisiro yekuberekwa kwepakutanga
Nemhaka yehuwandu hwehuwandu, zvakakosha kuti vabereki vezvizhinji vanyatsonzwisise zvinogona kuita kuti kusarura kusakwanisa kubatira vana. Kuchengetedzwa kwekutanga kunobata hupenyu hwemhuri muzvidimbu zvakasiyana. Kune vamwe, zvinogona kureva kungoitwa muchipatara kwenguva pfupi. Asi vamwe vanotsungirira kuramba vachigara muchipatara mushure mekunge vana vavo vasvika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinetso zvezvehutano uye nhau zvinongova chinhu chinoita mumavhiki mashomanana ekuberekwa mushure mekuberekwa, asi zvimwe zviitiko zvine migumisiro yeupenyu hwose.
Izvozvo zvinowanzova nguva yekuzvarwa. Vana vakaberekwa pedyo nezuva ravo rakakodzera havakwanisi kuva nezvinetso zvakakomba nokuti nhengo dzavo dzakave nenguva yakawanda yekukura mudumbu.
Kunyanya Kunetseka Nezvechiremba
Chizvaro chinoshanda senzvimbo yakakwana yechecheche kukura. Kana vacheche vachizvarwa nokukurumidza, nhengo dzavo dzisati dzakura uye hadzina kugadzirira kushanda "kunze kwenyika." Kuchengetedza kunokanganisa nhengo dzose dzinokosha mumuviri.
- Makomba: Vacheche, kunyanya avo vakazvarwa masvondo makumi matatu nemasere, vane dambudziko rokufema mweya. Kufuridzira chirwere chinokonzerwa nekufema kunogona kurapwa nekubatsirwa kwekupema kufema uye pamwe chete nemunhu anogadzirisa muviri, chinhu chinobatsira immature mapapu kukura. Dzimwe nguva zviitiko zvinoponesa upenyu zvinoshandiswa mukurapa kukanganisa kwemapapu muvanopisa zvinokonzera chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu kana bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) uye inogona kuramba ichirapa kurapwa.
- Ubongo: Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) iri kubuda muuropi iyo inonyanya kubata nevana vakaberekerwa vasati vhiki makumi matatu nemaviri kana vana vacheche vakawana dambudziko kubva kune imwe mamiriro ekutanga, zvakadai sekupora. Inogona kukonzera kukanganisa uropi kana kuderedzwa kwemvura yepinjini inotungamirira kumudziro wemvura yakawanda mukati uye kumativi ose europi (hydrocephalus).
- Mwoyo: Muchizvaro, ductus arteriosus inobvumira vana kuti vagamuchire okisijeni kuburikidza netambo yeumbilical, kuburikidza nemapapu. Pakuberekwa, uyu mudziyo weropa unofanirwa kuvhara. Vana vasati vaduku vanogona kuwedzera Patent Ductus Arteriosus, iyo inokonzera kusazvarwa kweropa kusingaoneki pakati pemidziyo miviri yeropa iri pedyo nemoyo. Inogona kutungamirira kumoyo kukanganisa.
- Utumbo: Tsika dzekugamuchira chikafu kubva palacenta kuburikidza nemudonzvo wembilical, vana vacheche vasati vasvika 'chirwere chekudya hachina kugadzirira kuita zvokudya. Vacheche vanogona kukura nekuputika kwemberi yematumbo kana zvirwere zvakanyanya. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) inogona kukonzera utachiona hwakapararira kana kukanganiswa kwemuviri wepamuviri kana kufa kwechifu chinogona kukonzera kudzivirira uye zvinoda kuvhiyiwa kugadzirisa.
- Maziso: Vana vaduku vasati vasvika vanoita matambudziko nemaziso avo nokuti mishonga yeropa ye retina haina kunyatsogadzirwa. Kudzokorora kwekutanga kweRatmatum (ROP) kunoguma apo hutachiona husina simba hwehutachiona hunovhiringidzika nekuberekwa nguva isati yasvika ndokuzorega kukura kana kukura zvisina kufanira. Zviitiko zvakakomba zvinogona kutungamirira pakuona kusakatika kana kupofu. Dzimwe nguva chirwere chacho chinogona kurapwa nokukurumidza nekuvhiyiwa kana kuti laser therapy, uye maitiro akawanda achazvigadzirisa pachavo pachavo.
Iyi mitemo inomiririra "yakaipa mamiriro ezvinhu" anotarisana nevana vasati vasvika, vakaberekwa vasati vasvika mavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vakawanda vasati vasvika vanogamuchira kurapwa kwakanyanya mune zvipatara zvemazuva ano vanokwanisa kukunda matambudziko ekutanga kwavo kutanga.
Kushungurudzika Kwemishonga Kupfuura
Mushure mokutanga chirongwa chinotambudza mushure mekuberekwa kwekutanga, kana chinonyanya kuitika pakupona, migumisiro yekusarura inogona kunge isingazivikanwi zvakazara. Zvimwe zvematambudziko kwenguva refu zvinogona kunge zvisingaoneki kusvikira mawanda atanga chikoro. Zvinogona kunetsa vabereki, avo vakatosimbiswa nechinetso chokutarisa vanopfuura kamwechete mwana.
Chidzidzo chekurapa muna 2008 chakamutsa mazamu pamusoro pezvinetso zvakakura zvevavengi muupenyu hwavo hwose. Vatsvakurudzi veDuke University Medical Centre vakatevera vana vanopfuura mamiriyoni vakazvarwa muNorway kubva muna 1967-1988. Vakagumisa kuti vacheche vasati vasvika:
- Zvinowanzofa pahuduku
- Hazvikwanisi kuva nevana vavo sevanhu vakuru
- Zvinonzwisisika zvishoma kudarika kupedza chikoro chesekondari kana kukoroji yakakwana
Vatsvakurudzi vanoti zviitiko izvi kune zvinetso zvezvehutano zvinokonzerwa nekusati kwaitika pamwe chete nehupfumi hwehupfumi hunoderedzwa nekuda kwehutano. Zvisinei, data yavo haina kubatanidza mapatya kana kuwanda, uye vanhu vari muchidzidzo vakazvarwa makore anopfuura makumi maviri adarika uye vangadai vasina kuwana ruzivo rwezvehutano hunobatsira vana vakawanda vasati vasvika nhasi. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza chidzidzo ichi nemaonero.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti dzimwe dzakawanda dzisingatarisiri dzichakura nekuremara kusingaperi, kubva pakudengenyeka kwepfungwa kuenda kuhutano hwepfungwa kusvika pane zvakaratidzwa kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa. Vamwe vanogona kukurumidza kunonoka, kukudza matambudziko kuchikoro kana kutadza kukanganisa. Vamwe vanogona kungoda magirasi kana kuti vanotambura nemakumbo kana chirwere. Mamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji anogona kukundwa nemapurogiramu ekupindira ekutanga kusanganisira muviri, kutaura kana mabasa ekurapa. Zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kugadziriswa chirwere. Uye zvakawanda zvemazuva mashoma zvichange zvichange zvichitungamirira hupenyu pamwe zvachose nemigumisiro kubva pakutanga kwavo kwehupenyu.
Hapana nzira yekufanotaura nezvezviitiko zvega. Hapana chiremba ane kristin bhora kufanotaura kana mwana asati azvarwa achakura ane hutano. Asi vabereki vanogona kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa kwezvizhinji zvavo kuburikidza nekuziva zvinogona kukanganisa uye kubatana nevana vavo vezvechiremba kuti vaongorore kukura kwavo uye kuwana rubatsiro kana zvichidiwa.
Kunobva:
Loftin, R., et al. "Zuva Rokutanga Rokuberekwa." Ongororo muBhostetrics uye Gynecology , Winter 2010, p. 10.
Swamy, G., et al. "Kushamwaridzana Kwokutanga Kuberekwa Nokurarama Kwenguva refu, Kuberekwa, uye Chiitiko-Chizvarwa Chakutanga Kuberekwa," Journal of the American Medical Association, Kubvumbi 26, 2008, p. 1429.
"Kuva nepamuviri nemapatya, katatu uye mamwe akawanda." March weDeses Foundation. Yakasvika musi waJanuary 12, 2016. http://www.marchofdimes.org/multiples-twins-triplets-and-beyond.aspx
"Akaberekwa Nokukurumidza: Global Action Report pamusoro pekutanga Kutanga." March weDeses Foundation. Yakasvika musi waJanuary 12, 2016. http://www.marchofdimes.org/materials/born-too-soon-global-action-report-on-preterm-birth.pdf