Makore maviri apfuura muUnited States, mumwe kubva pavana gumi oga oga akaberekwa nguva isati yakwana, kana musati mavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri ekuberekwa. Kubva pane iyo nhamba yezvino ichangobva kuitika, pane zvakakosha kuedza kuedza kuderedza mitengo yekusarura muAmerica, asi CDC inotaura kuti kusvika ikozvino, inotanga kusvika kare kuti iudze kana zvatinoedza kuita zvichishanda-kana kana zviyero zvekugadzirisa ichangoramba ichingomuka.
Vacheche vanozvarwa vasati vasvika vari pangozi yakakura yekutambudzika nemigumisiro yakakomba yehutano nemamiriro ekuberekwa. Kunyanya kusati kwasvika mwana wacho, iyo inowedzera mikana inogona kuve nematambudziko. Kana mwana akaberekerwa nguva isati yasvika achida kurapwa kwepamusoro uye kutarisirwa, iye kana angangodaro akazobvumirwa kune imwe natalatal care unit unit kana NICU . Kuramba muNICU kuchasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emwana uye zvido zvehutano, asi chimwe chinhu ndechechokwadi: Vacheche vari muNICU vanoda rubatsiro uye kurapwa kwavanogona kuwana.
Uye zvinosuruvarisa, nhoroondo itsva yakaratidza kuti havasi vana vose muNICU vanogamuchira kuwanda kwekutarisira uye kutarisirwa kubva kuvashandi vezvehutano. Chikonzero chacho? Race. Mushumo mutsva weAmerican Academy of Pediatrics wakaratidza kuti kune zvakawanda zvekusarura kwemarudzi mukuchengetedza mukati meNICU. Zvinorevei izvo? Zvinoreva kuti vana vakachena vanowanikwa zvakanyanya uye kurapwa kwevashandi kubva kune vashandi uye nyanzvi, asi vacheche vasina kuchena vanowana rubatsiro rukuru rweutano.
Izvi zvinonyanya kushungurudza paunofunga nezvekuti chizvarwa chekutanga chekutanga chinenge hafu yepamusoro pane vakadzi vemavara kupfuura vakadzi vachena. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti kune huwandu huwandu hwevana vacheche vari kuberekwa vasati vasvika uye vachada kunyanya kutarisirwa kuti vatange hupenyu. Asi kwete chete vana vaduku vanozvarwa patsva, ivo varikudaro vanoramba vachiwana rubatsiro rwakakwana rwekurapa muNICU.
Iko kunopera kaviri kune utano hwavo uye remangwana.
Tsvakurudzo
Chidzidzo, chakabudiswa munyaya yaAugust 2017 yePediatrics , yakatarisa 18,616 vacheche kwazvo vacheche vacheche (inorondedzerwa sevana vacheche inopfuura 1 500 gramu pavakazvarwa). Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinotarisa kuti kutarisirwa kwakadini mwana anotanga kuberekwa pakuberekwa ndeyekuti akayera sei, saka chidzidzo chacho chakakonzerwa nechecheche dzinenge dzisingabatsiri kuberekwa nokuti dzinowanzodikanwa zvakanyanya. Kuti zvive nechinangwa, 1,500 gramu inongopfuura 3 pounds, uye muvharo wekuzvarwa achangoberekwa anorema zvinopfuura mapaundi manomwe. Point being? Ava vaiva vana vaduku vakadzidza.
Chidzidzo chacho chakaongorora kuchengetwa kwevana ava, avo vakabatwa muna 134 NICU muCalifornia pakati pegore ra2012 na2014, kwemakore mana. Vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa zviyero zvakakosha ne 9 zviratidzo zvinonzi Baby-MONITOR yakashandiswa kuronga rudzi rwekutarisira vana vanogamuchira muNICU. Vakaona kuti vasiri vana veMichelin vatsvene vakagadziriswa pamusoro pezviyero zvekugadzirisa zviyero nezviyero kana vachienzaniswa nevana vemaSpain neAsia. Vana vacheche vakawana zvakakwirira pamiganho yemigumisiro kana vachienzaniswa nevana vachena uye Hispanics vakawana yakaderera pane yevanomwe kubva kune 9 mapoka pasi.
Kunyanya, vakatsvakurudza vakawana kuti vamwe vana vechiPanisi nevemucheche vakaberekerwa mumakore ekupedzisira ekutenda kupfuura macheche vacheche uye kuti vamwe vana vadema vakaberekerwa neApgar zvishoma.
Vana vaduku vepaInpanishe ndivo vainyanya kuve chero mapoka emapoka ekuda kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro yeNICU mushure mekuberekwa. Kana ichienzaniswa nechechecheche, vacheche nevana veSpanishi vakanga vasina mikana yekuwana mamwe mazano ekurapa, zvakadai steroid therapy, kuongororwa kwemaziso, uye kunyange mukaka wemukaka kudya . Mapoka maviri emucheche akanga asina kuchena aivawo akawandisa ekuwana chirwere kubva kuchipatara. Pakanga pane, zvisinei, zviitiko zviviri zvehutano izvo vana vemadiki vaiva nezvikwata zvakakwirira pamusoro: Vakanga vasina mikana yekuwana mapapu akawa, uye ivo vaive nekukura kwakanyanya, zvakare.
Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidza zvakare kuti kusiyana kwekuchengetedza kwakanga kusingasviki; mune dzimwe zvipatara zvine utano hwakaderera, vana vemavara vanoita zvakanaka kupfuura vana vachena.
Vakanga vasina kunyatsoziva kuti sei dzimwe zvipatara zvakaratidza zvidzidzo zvakasiyana, asi zvakakwana, vana vaIntia, vakatevedzerwa nevana vemavara vaiita sevari kuipa kupfuura vana vatsvene muNICUs. Vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti zvakakwana, paiva nevana vakawanda vaive vaPastia uye vemavara avo vaibatwa muNICUs yakaderera, iyo inogona kutsanangura zvimwe zvekusiyana. Asi kunyange muNICUs yepamusoro-soro, kupesana kwakange kuripo.
Pasi pose, mushumo wacho wakatsanangura kuti kusarurana kwemadzinza mune zvekuchengetwa kuchipatara kwave kuripo kwenguva yakareba uye kwave kuri chinangwa cheyanzvirapa vezvechiremba kuti kuderedze kupesana uku. Kunyangwe muNICU pakagadzirisa, pane nyaya mbiri huru dzinogona kuitika: 1) Vana vakaderera uye veSpain havagamuchiri kutarisira kwakanaka muchipatara uye 2) Vana vemaStudio neSpain vanokwanisa kugara muNICU yakaderera , izvo zvinoreva kuderera kusingakwanisi kune zvekurapa uye nepamusoro-soro vashandi nevashandi. Kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba uye nyanzvi dzezvokurapa havasi kunyatsoziva zvachose kuti vangagadzirisa sei nyaya yacho zvakadaro, vachiziva kuti dambudziko riripo pakutanga ndiro danho rinokosha rokutanga.
Zviwanikwa
Chidzidzo chacho chakagumisa kuti kwete chete kune musiyano muhutano hwehutano hunobva mumadzinza emwana uye / kana zvemadzinza, asi kupesana kwakakura. "Kukosha kwemasarura uye / kana kushanduka kwemadzinza mune zvehutano huripo pakati nepakati peNICUs," vanyori vakanyora mubhuku.
Zvimwe zvinopinda mukusarura kwemarudzi zvakadzika uye zvakaparadzana uye kwete "kungova ganda-rakadzika," izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, vana vacheche vangangoberekerwa kuberekerwa munzvimbo dzine urombo, izvo zvinoreva kuti vangaporesa kuchipatara vane mari shoma kana vashandi vashoma kubhadharwa kana vabereki vavo vanotarisana nezvinetso zvehutano, zvakadai sekushandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinetso izvo zvinodzivirira kutarisira kwakakodzera kutarisira pamuviri . Nyaya yacho haisi nyore nyore sekuona kuti kune rumwe rudzi rwakasiyana mukurapa asi kuputsa zvinhu zvose zvinopinda mukusawirirana ikoko kuedza kuzvigadzirisa.
The Takeaway
Sezvo zvakaoma sezvingangodaro kutarisana nemigumisiro inobva pakudzidza, inopa kuongorora kwakanyatsojeka kwokuti kusagadzikana kwemadzinza kunogona kukanganisa sei kurapwa, kunyange muNICU. Kunyange muduku kuna vose uye anotambura zvikuru nevarwere, vacheche vasati vasvika, vanowana rubatsiro rukuru rwemishonga kana ganda ravo riine rima kudarika vacheche vasati vazvarwa. Somubereki kana mutarisiri, zvakakosha kuti uzive izvi zvinokonzera kushungurudza kuitira kuti tikwanise kuita semurevereri wezvokurapa wevana vedu kunyanya kubudirira. Kune simba mune zivo, kunyange kana chiri chokwadi chatinoda kuti isu tisambofanira kutomboziva pakutanga. Zvakakosha kuva muchengeti wehutano wemwana wako uye kuziva zvimwe zvezvinetso zviripo mukati mehutano hwehutano hunogona kuisa njodzi kumwana wehutano hwako, kusanganisira kusagadzikana kwemadzinza mukutarisira.
> Sources:
> CDC. Preterm kuberekwa. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pretermbirth.htm
> Jochen Mutezo, Jeffrey B. Gould, Mihoko Bennett, Benjamin A. Goldstein, DavidDraper, Ciaran S. Phibbs, Henry C. Lee (2017, August). Racial / Ethnic Disparity in NICU Quality of Care Delivery. Pediatrics . e20170918; DOI: 10.1542 / peds.2017-0918