Mwana asati azvarwa (anozivikanwawo somwana anotangira) ndiye anozvarwa musati mavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri. Sezvo vana vachikurumidza kukurumidza panguva yekuzvitakura, mwana asati azvarwa asati aberekwa mwedzi mitatu kana mina yakatanga zvakasiyana kwazvo kune uyo anoberekwa kwemavhiki matatu kusvika mana. Ndosaka vanachiremba vanowanzoshandisa izwi iri rinotevera kuti vatsaure pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzevana vasati vasvika:
| Micro preemie | rinoreva mwana anoberekwa musati mavhiki makumi maviri nemasere |
| Mwana asati azvarwa | rinoreva mwana anoberekwa pakati pevhiki nevhiki makumi matatu nemakumi matatu |
| Nenguva yakakodzera mwana | rinoreva kumucheche akaberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi matatu nemaviri nemakumi matatu nemasere |
| Late preterm mwana | rinoreva kumucheche uyo anoberekwa pakati pevhiki nesvondo makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemana |
Ichi chinyorwa chichakurukura zvikuru pamusoro pevana vasati vamboita kana vana vacheche vanozvarwa pakati pevhiki nevhiki makumi matatu nemakumi matatu.
Survival Rate
Nhau huru ndeyokuti inopfuura 95 muzana yevana vasati vasvika vasati vapona. Kunyange zvazvo vana ava vasati vasvika uye vangatarisana nezvinetso zvakakomba zveutano, vazhinji vavo vanowana kubva pakuzvarwa kwavo vasati vazvarwa nemigumisiro shoma kwenguva refu.
Mwana Akangotanga Kuita Anotaridzirei?
Kana iwe uri kushanyira mwana asati atova mune imwe natalatal care unit unit (Aka NICU), unogona kushamiswa nekuve mwana muduku. Mwana anozvarwa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemakumi manomwe anorema inenge 1 000 gramu (2 pounds, 3 ounces); mwana anozvarwa pamasvondo makumi matatu anorema inenge 1 450 gm (3 pounds, 3 ounces).
Vana vasati vachangopera vane chikopa chakacheka nemavhubu anooneka, uye kune zvakawanda zvezvipatara izvo zviripo, zvinowanzobatanidza:
- Rutsigiro rwemapfupa : Vana vakawanda vasati vasvika vanoda kubatsirwa nekufema mushure mekuberekwa. Mwana anorwara kana kuti asina mwana angave achida kugadziriswa. Mamwe vana vasati vachangopera vangada kuenderera mberi kwakanaka kune mhepo inokonzerwa nemhepo (aka CPAP) kana kuti kanal cannula .
- IV mitsara: Pamusana pemakemikari avo asina kufema, vana vasati vasvika vanodyiwa nevanopinda mukati mavo (IV) pakutanga uye vanowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma kumukaka wemukaka kana chimiro. IV mitsara inogona kubuda mumbilical cord stump ( umbilical catheters ), kana mhirizhonga IVs kana mitsara yePICC inogona kuiswa mumucheche mwana asati asvika kana kuti ganda.
- NG / OG inotapira : Pasati mava nemavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri ekupedzisira, vana havangagoni kuyamwa, kumedza uye kufema panguva imwe chete. Vana vacheche vasati vasvika vanodyidzwa kuburikidza neipi inobva mumhino kana mumuromo kusvika mudumbu.
- Kuchengetedza midziyo: Vana vasati vachangopera vachabata zvidimbu pamapfupa avo uye maziso kana tsoka kuti vaongorore kutengesa mwoyo yavo, kufema, uye kuputika kweokisijeni.
Matambudziko Ehutano muNICU
Mwana akangoberekwa anogona kunge ane nzira yakanaka yeNICU kana kuti yakaoma. Matambudziko ehutano anonyanya kufanana nevana vasati vasvika anosanganisira:
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): Inenge 70 kubva muzana kusvika ku85 muzana yevana vasati vachangopera vanoda rubatsiro rweRSS. Kufuridzirwa kunotapurirwa nemubatsiri wekupema kana mishonga.
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): Inenge hafu yevana vanozvarwa pamasvondo 27 uye 17 muzana yevana vakaberekerwa pakati pevhiki makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu vanoberekwa vane PDA. Ductus arteriosus inopa ropa, uye inoita kuti ropa ripararire pamapapu emucheche. Kunyange zvazvo PDA yakajairika mumashusisi, ichi chirwere cheropa chinofanira kuswedera pakuberekwa. Mishonga kana chirwere zvinogona kushandiswa kupedza PDA.
- Sepsis: Nokuti vana vasati vasvika vane immune masimba masimba, ivo vanowanzosangana neutachiona kupfuura nguva yevana. Inenge 25 muzana yevana vasati vachangopedza vanoda mishonga yekurapa utachiona.
- Apnea of prematurity: Nemitemo yavo yekutya isati yakura, vana vasati vasvika vangave vane nguva dzepnea kana bradycardia. Vanowanzosiya chirwere ichi, chinogona kurapwa nemishonga, nenguva iyo inobva kuNICU.
- Anemia: Anemia (kushaya kwemasero matsvuku eropa) inowanzova mucheche asati azvarwa. Anemia yekufananidza kunowanzoonekwa mucheche dzinoberekwa vasati vhiki makumi matatu nemaviri, uye dzinogona kutapurirwa nesimbi yekuwedzera, kuwedzerwa ropa , kana mishonga.
- Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH): Vana vasati vazvarwa vasati vashandurwa nemidziyo yeropa, kunyanya muuropi. Kana midziyo iyi ichiputika, ropa rinogona kuerera mukati meuropi. Vanenge 10 kubva muzana yevana vasati vachangopera vane IVH yakanyanya.
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC): MuN NEC, kubatana kwemukati kunotapukirwa ndokutanga kufa. Ichi chirwere chakakomba chinorapwa nemishonga kana kuvhiyiwa. Ndinofara, chete nhamba duku (inenge 5 kubva muzana) yevana vasati vasvika vanotambura neNEC.
Matambudziko Anotora Nguva Murefu Matambudziko
Vazhinji vana vasati vasvika vasununguka kubva pakuberekwa nguva isati yasvika nemashoma mashoma. Vanogona kunge vane zvinodiwa zvemakore mashomanana ekutanga, asi kazhinji vanowedzera kurapa kwavo kwenguva. Dambudziko rehutano hwehutano hwemazuva mazhinji nekuda kwevana vasati vasvika ndevaya:
- Apnea of prematurity: Vana vakawanda vasati vasvika vasati vabva muNICU, asi vamwe vachiri nemashizha mushure mokunge vaenda kumba. Idzi idzi dzinogona kudzokera kumusha dziine chirongwa chepnea chekuona kuti vanochengetedza mwoyo yavo nekufema.
- Chirwere chirwere chemapapu: Rutsigiro rwemapfupa rinopedza mapapu, zvichiita kuti chirwere chisingaperi chine mapapu. Inenge 33 muzana yevana vasati vasvika vasati vasvika vanoda oxygen mushure mekubudiswa kweNICU, uye vazhinji vanotambura nechirwere chepifu kana zvimwe zvirwere zvokufema sevana vaduku.
- Kuenderera mberi kunonoka: Kunyange kuora mwoyo kwakakomba kwevasina kujaira muvana vasati vachangopera, kukurumidza kusimbiswa uye dambudziko kuchikoro zvakanyanya. Inenge 33 muzana yevana vasati vachangopedza vanoda rubatsiro kuchikoro sezvavanokura.
Ndingaita Sei Kuti Ndivandudze Mucheche Wangu Wekutanga Kwemwana?
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvaunogona kuita semubereki kubatsira kubatsira mwana wako kutanga:
- Gara uchiri kutarisirwa kuberekwa: Kuchengetwa kwepabonde uye nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira vaMom kuderedza ngozi dzavo dzekuberekwa vasati vasvika uye kudzivirira kana kumisa basa risina nguva .
- Muputi wemukaka wepamu : Kunyange kana amai vasina kuronga kuyamwisa, kuputira mukaka wemazamu- kunyange kwechinguva chiduku-kunogona kubatsira kupa vana vasati vasvika zvakanaka kutanga.
- Edzai kangaroo: Kuchengetedza kuburikidza nekuchengetwa kwe kangaroo kunogona kubatsira vana vasati vasvika kukura uye vakakura, uye vane zvikomborero zvizhinji zvevabereki vose uye vacheche vasati vasvika. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubata mwana (uyo ari kupfeka chidimbu chete) ganda-neganda pamusoro pebhokisi rako, pakati pemabere ako asina kuvhara, kumuchengetedza kana kudziya uye kunzwa akachengeteka.
- Tsvaga kupindira kwepakutanga : Vana vakawanda vasati vasvika vachabvumirwa kubatsirwe kupindira. Aya mapurogiramu epasiro anobatsira vana vasati vasvika vasangana nevezera ravo uye vanozadzisa zviitiko panguva.
Sources:
Marlow, N. "Chiitiko Chekuziva Neurocognitive Mushure Mekunge Uchangotanga Kuzvarwa." Archives of Disease in Childhood June 2003; 89, 224-228.
Qiu, X et al. "Kufananidza kweS Singleton nekuwanda-Kuberekwa kwezvakaberekwa kwevana vacheche vakaberekwa kana kuti vasati vasvika makumi maviri nemaviri ekuberekwa." Obstetrics & Gynecology Feb 2008; 111, 365-371.
Vohr, B et al. "Zvibereko zveNeurodevelopmental Zvekunyanya Kuderera Kuberekwa Vana Vacheche <32 Mavhiki 'Kubatana pakati pe1993 na1998." Pediatrics Sept 2005; 116, 635-643.
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001560.htm