Kana iwe kana kuti mwana wako ari kuyaruka akasarudza kuti kune chido chekudzivirira kuberekwa, inguva yekutsvakurudza zvisarudzo zviripo. Kana iwe usati uripo, funga izvi pamusoro pevechiri kuyaruka uye zvepabonde. Kana iwe kana mwana wako ari kuyaruka akagadzirira, dzidza zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanikwa pakuzvarwa kwekuyaruka. Kana uine mibvunzo kana zvinetso, taura nemupiki wako wehutano kana OBGYN kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.
Abstinence
- Pros: Hapana maitiro emigumisiro; hapana chakutenga; kudzivirirwa kwakanakisisa kune zvirwere zvepabonde
- Cons: Vawirirana vose vanofanira kuzvipira kune izvi; kazhinji kusina kudzivirirwa kunoshandiswa apo kubvisa kunopera
- Kubudirira: Nzira chete iyo ine 100% inoshanda
Implant (Implanon)
- Zvimwe: Kuenderera mberi kunodzivirira pakuberekwa kwemakore matatu; hapana kuisa pane nguva yekuita zvepabonde; kumwedzi kunogona kujeka kana kumira; hapana chiratidzo chinooneka icho munhu ari kushandisa icho kana incision inoporesa
- Mutengo: Inoda kudhonza zvishoma mubasa rekuiswa kwekuisa; dzimwe nguva kurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi pakumisa nzvimbo; migumisiro inosanganisira kubuda ropa nguva dzose, kuora musoro kana kuchinja mukuda (asi izvi zvinowanzogadzirisa mukati memwedzi mitatu); hapana kudzivirirwa kune zvirwere zvepabonde
- Kubudirira: 99.9%
Kubata pamuviri Majekiseni (Depo-Provera)
- Zvirongwa: Kuenderera mberi kunodzivirira pakuberekwa kwemwedzi mitatu; hapana chaunoshandisa kana kuisa panguva yekuita zvepabonde; Kusvika kumwedzi kunomira kwehafu yevakadzi; hapana chiratidzo chinooneka icho munhu ari kushandisa iyo nzira
- Cons: Inoda jira; anofanira kuyeuka kutora mhotho kwemwedzi mitatu; migumisiro inosanganisira kusina nguva nguva, kuwedzera kuwanda kana kuora musoro; kudzokera kune kubereka kungatora mwedzi mishomanana; hapana kudzivirirwa kune zvirwere zvepabonde
- Kubudirira: 97% kusvika ku 99% kana kushandiswa nguva dzose (inofanira kutora mutsutso pamwedzi mitatu)
Vaginal Ring (Nuva Ring)
- Zvimwe: Kuenderera mberi kunodzivirira pakuberekwa kwemwedzi umwe; kuiswa hakufaniri kuve yakarurama; hapana chaunoshandisa kana kuisa panguva yekuita zvepabonde
- Mutezi: Unofanira kuyeuka kubvisa kwevhiki imwe chete kuti urege kuenda kumwedzi uye unofanirwa kuyeuka kuisa chindori chitsva kwevhiki nhatu dzinotevera; inowanikwa vaginally; hapana kudzivirirwa kubva kuzvirwere zvepabonde; chindori pane dzimwe nguva inonzwa nemudiwa; rin'i dzimwe nguva rinouya panguva yepabonde
- Kubudirira: 99% kana yakashandiswa zvakanaka uye nguva dzose (rin'i rakabviswa uye rakatsiviwa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe)
Patch
- Pros: Hapana chaunoshandisa kana kuisa panguva yekuita zvepabonde
- Mutezi: Unofanira kuyeuka kuti uende panzvimbo yevhiki yevhiki uye usasapfeka vhiki yekuenda kumwedzi; zvinoonekwa - zvakapfeka paganda, hazviwanikwi mumatonhwe ose eganda; hapana kudzivirirwa kune zvirwere zvepabonde; kwete kukurudzirwa kuvakadzi kupfuura 198 pounds
- Kubudirira: 99% kana yakashandiswa zvakanaka uye nguva dzose (patch yakabviswa uye yachinjwa vhiki imwe neimwe)
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- Mhando mbiri dzeIUDs: Rimwe rine mahomoni uye rinoshanda kwemakore mashanu, rimwe harina mahomoni uye rinobudirira kwemakore gumi
- Pros: Hapana chaunoshandisa kana kuisa panguva yekuita zvepabonde; IUDs nemahomoni inogona kuderedza kubuda kwemwedzi uye kubuda ropa; IUDs isiri-hormonal ndiyo imwe nzira yevakadzi vasingagoni kushandisa nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa kwehomoni; inogonawo kushandiswa pakukurumidza kuzvidzora kuberekwa kana ichiiswa mukati memazuva mashanu mushure mokuita zvepabonde
- Mutengo: Inofanira kuiswa uye kubviswa nachiremba; nguva dzakaoma (kwete-hormonal IUD); zvisingaiti asi zvipingamupinyi zvakakomba zvehutano zvinosanganisira uterine perforation kana chirwere chinoputika; hapana kudzivirirwa kune zvirwere zvepabonde; kwete kazhinji inokurudzirwa kune vechiri kuyaruka vasina kumbova nemwana pamusana pechidiki chekuita uterine
- Kubudirira:> 99.9%
Birth Control Pill
- Pros: Hapana chaunoshandisa kana kuisa panguva yekuita zvepabonde; Nguva dzinopfupika uye dzinowanzogara; kukwanisa kutora mimba nokukurumidza kana kusashandiswa; inodzivirira kune dzimwe kanza uye zvinorema, zvinorwadza nguva
- Mutengo: Unofanira kuyeuka kutora zuva nezuva; zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro yekutsvaga nenyuchi, mazamu ekunyorova, kuchinja kuda kudya kana chido chokurasikirwa; zvisingaiti asi zvipingamupinyi zvakakomba zvehutano zvakadai sekurwadziwa kwemwoyo uye kurwisa kunogona kuitika (njodzi dzakakwirira kune vakadzi vanopfuura 35 kana vakadzi vanotsi); hapana kudzivirirwa kune zvirwere zvepabonde
- Kubudirira: 92% kusvika 99% kana yakashandiswa zvakanaka uye nguva dzose. Kusina imwe kana kupfuura mapiritsi kunowedzera mukana wekuita pamuviri zvakanyanya.
Makondomu
- Pros: Inowanikwa pane-the-counter; inodzivirira zvirwere zvizhinji zvepabonde; dzimwe nguva inogona kuwanika pasina rusunungukiki kana vamwe vatapi vehutano
- Mutezi: Inofanira kushandiswa nemitoo yese yepabonde; inofanira kuiswa uye kubviswa zvakanaka; vanhurume dzimwe nguva vanonyunyuta pamusoro pokurasikirwa kwekunzwa
- Kubudirira: 85-98% kana kushandiswa nguva dzose uye zvakarurama
Chikwata Chemukadzi
- Pros: Inowanikwa pamusoro pekambani; inodzivirira zvirwere zvizhinji zvepabonde; Zvakanaka kune avo vane chirwere chemazuva ekupedzisira
- Cons: Dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuisa; inofanira kushandiswa nechiito chega chega chepabonde; inogona kusunungurwa munguva yepabonde
- Kubudirira: 79% kusvika 98% kana kushandiswa nguva dzose uye zvakarurama
Dhafurasi kana Cervical Cap
- Zvinyorwa: Zvinogona kuiswa kusvika maawa maviri vasati vaita zvepabonde; inogona kuramba iri panzvimbo yezviitiko zvakasiyana zvepabonde (diaphragm - maawa makumi maviri nemana, chivharo chechivharo - maawa 48); chisarudzo kune avo vasingakwanisi kubvumira kuberekwa kwehomoni
- Cons: Inoda kunyatsonyatsoiswa uye kunyaradza nemuviri wako; inogona kusunungurudzwa nepabonde; inogona kupindira nekupenya; inofanira kusiyiwa panzvimbo yemaawa 6 kusvika ku8 mushure mekuita zvepabonde; kuwedzerwa njodzi yehutachiona hwezvirwere
- Kubudirira: 84% kusvika 91% (cap) kana 94% (diaphragm) kana yakashandiswa nguva dzose uye yakarurama
Spermicides
- Pros: Inowanika pamusoro-the-counter nenzira dzakasiyana - makrisheni, gel, mafirimu, mapenzi, suppositories; inowedzera lubrication (makanda, mapenzi, gels)
- Mutezi: Unofanira kuisa pamberi pese mushure mekuita kwepabonde; zvinogona kukonzera kugadzirisa kwehutano; mukana wekutsamwa unogona kubatsira chirwere chepabonde chinoendesa
- Kubudirira: 71% kusvika ku85% kana kushandiswa nguva dzose uye zvakarurama
Nguva dzose inokurudzirwa kukurukura kusarudzwa kwekuberekwa kwekuberekwa nemunhu ane ruzivo rwekuchengeta utano. Mushonga Wekuyaruka unoita uye Planned Parenthood inosarudzo dzakanaka.
> Sources:
> Hatcher, RA, Rinehart, W., Blackburn, R., Geller, JS, naShelton, JD Zvinonyanya kukosha zvekudzivirira. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Population Information Program, 2003.
> Implanon. Organon USA. February 16, 2009. http://www.implanon-usa.com/Consumer/index.asp?C=6892739860944849537&source=google&HBX_PK=G%20Implanon%20Ad3&HBX_OU=50&gclid=CL2AmcuA4pgCFQECGgodwRljcA
> Stevens-Simon, C., Kelly, L., uye Kulick, R. Musha waizova wakanaka asi ... zvinotora kubata pamuviri kwenguva yakareba kudzivirira kudzidzira kutora pamuviri wechidiki. American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 2001 July 21 (1): 60-65
> Trussell J. Kuchengetedza kushanda nesimba. MuHatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kowal D. Kushandisa Technology: Yegumi nemakore Revised Edition. New York NY: Ardent Media, 2007. September 5, 2008.