Kucherechedza Kukwidzwa muChipiri Chekutanga Kuberekwa
Kune mamwe mapatya munyika here? Izvo zvave zvichifungidzirwa zvakanyanya kuti pane kuwedzera kwemawere pamusoro pemakore, kunyanya kunzi kuwanikwa kwezvokurapa. Asi kuwedzera mumatambudziko akawanda ekuberekwa kunoreva kwete kungoita mapatya chete, asiwo huwandu hwakawanda huwandu hwemashoko, zvakadai seatatu , quadruplets nezvimwe. Uye sekurapa kwekuberekwa kwave kwakagadziriswa, kwakave nezvimwe zvipimo muhuwandu hwekuzvarwa, uye zvimwe zvinoderera mumakore mashomanana apfuura.
Asi, zvinoratidzika sokunge kune mapatya pose paunotendeuka; zvichida iwe unocherechedza mhuri dzakawanda uye dzine
vatasvi vemabhiza maviri kunze uye mukati mune mall kana zvimwe zviziviso zvinowanzoitika munhau kubva kuvabereki vanozivikanwa vachipemberera kuberekwa kwamababa. Terevhizheni inoratidzika se "Kate Plus Eight" (yaimbova "Jon na Kate Plus Eight") kana "Texas Multi Mamas" inovhenekera kuonekwa kune vakaberekwa vakawanda. Zvikoro zvinorondedzera kuverengwa kwemawere uye kuwanda uye vadzidzisi vanorwisana nehutu hwekuisa chikoro . Kuwedzera kwemababa mapatya kwakatokonzera mitemo kuti ivone kuti kodzero dzemapatya dzinodzivirirwa kuchikoro.
Kuwedzera Mumapatya
Chidzidzo che2012 chakanyatsotarisa dheta uye chakagadzirisa mamwe maitiro pamusoro pekuwedzera kwemafa maviri ekuberekwa muUnited States pakati pe1980 na2009. A National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) pfupi kubva munaJanuary 2012 inopa mashoko anotevera:
- Muna 1980, 1 mu 53 vana vaiva mapatya.
- Muna 2009, 1 mu30 vana vaiva mapatya.
Izvi zvinomirira kuwedzera kwemazana makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana manomwe kubva mumakore makumi matatu kubva muna 1980 kusvika muna 2009. Chidzidzo chacho chakafungidzira kuti mamwe 865 000 mamwe mapatya akazvarwa panguva iyi yemakore makumi matatu kudarika kana kuzvarwa kwemaviri kusina kuwedzera mukati memakore makumi emakore.
Kuisa izvi mune mamwe mazwi:
- Muna 1980, mazera maviri ekuberekwa aiva nemakore 18.9 / 1 000 .
- Muna 2009, mazera maviri ekuberekwa aiva 33.3 / 1 000 .
- Muna 2014, mazera maviri ekuberekwa akanga ari 33.9 / 1 000.
Muchirevo ichocho, zviri pachena kuti mazera maviri ekuberekwa akawedzera kubva pasi pe2 muzana yevana vakaberekerwa muna 1980 kune vanopfuura 3 muzana yevana vanozvarwa muna 2009.
Mushure megore ra2009, mutengo wekuwedzera hauna kuramba uchikwira panguva imwe chete. Yakaramba yakasimba uye yakaderera zvishoma kubva muna 2009-2012 kusvika ku 33.1. Zvadaro, muna 2014, yakasvetuka zvishoma kune imwe yakakwirira ye 33.9. Ramba uri mupfungwa, zvisinei, kuti nhamba iyi inotarwa zvichienderana nenhamba yekuberekwa kwose (singleton + multiple) mugore rakapiwa. Nhamba chaiyo yemapatya yaiva shoma shoma, sezvo nhamba yose yekuberekwa kwaive yakaderera.
Heino mazita:
- Muna 2007 , kwaive nevana 4 333 233 vakaberekwa vari kurarama. Pakati pavo, 138 961 vaiva mapatya. Mapatya maviri ekuberekwa aiva 32.2.
- Muna 2014 , paive ne 3.988.076 vakazvarwa patsva. Pakati pavo, 135 336 vaiva mapatya. Mapatya maviri ekuberekwa aiva 33.9.
Kwakanga kune mashoma mapatya akaberekwa muna 2014 kupfuura muna 2007, asi paivawo navana vashomanana vashoma.
Twin Birth Birth Rates Nyika yose
Nzvimbo dzose dzeUnited States dzakasangana nekukwira kwemafa maviri ekuberekwa, asi mutengo unoramba uchisiyana pakati pematunhu.
Iyi chati inoratidza mazera ekuberekwa ari maviri muhurumende imwe neimwe yeUnited States, achienzanisa zviyero muna 1980 uye muna 2009 uye iyo inoshanduka ichichinja kwemakore. Mitengo yakasimuka nechinenge chikamu makumi mashanu kubva muzana makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu (43) uye yeChitatu yeColumbia, uye nhanhatu (Connecticut, Hawaii, Massachusetts, New Jersey, uye Rhode Island) yakaona chikwata ichikwira nemapfumbamwe.
Iyo inotaura nechepamusoro -twese kuberekwa kwegore muna 2014 yaiva:
- New Jersey (44.3 / 1000)
- Massachusetts (43.3 / 1,000)
- Connecticut (40 / 1,000)
- New Hampshire (39.4 / 1,000)
- New York (37.9 / 1,000)
Iyo inotaura nechepasi pasi mapatya ekuberekwa kwegore muna 2014 yaiva:
- New Mexico (25.2 / 1,000)
- Arizona (27.7 / 1,000)
- Alaska (28.5 / 1000)
- South Dakota (28.2 / 1,000)
- Vermont (29 / 1,000)
Zvikonzero Zvokuwedzera Mumapatya
Saka chii chinotsanangura kuwedzera kwemazana mapatya? Vakawanda vanofungidzira kuti inongowedzera kushandiswa kwekombiyuta yekuberekwa. Zvisinei, chidzidzo chacho chakacherechedza chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvakave zvichiratidzwa sechichiwedzera pakuwedzera twinning. Chimwe chidzidzo chinobatanidza kukura kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu nekuwedzera mune twinning, zvichiratidza kuti vakadzi vanorema kupfuura vamwe kana vakwegura vanowanzova nemapatya.
Nhaurirano ya2014 yemapatya ekuberekwa inotaridzika inoratidza kuti amai vemazuva ekuberekwa ndivo vanoita kuti kuwedzera kwamawere. Kuwedzera kukuru kwemapatya ekuberekwa kwakawanikwa pakati pevakadzi pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu. Inoti "Nhoroondo yekare, mazera maviri ekuberekwa akaberekwa nekukwegura, kusvitsa makore 35-39 nekuderera shure kweizvi (4) Kubva muna 1997, zvakadaro, mitengo yakave yakakwirira pakati pevakadzi mumakore avo makumi mana." Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kusiyana kwemafa maviri ekuberekwa maererano nemazera. Muna 2009:
- Vakadzi vane makore makumi mana kana kupfuura: 7 muzana yevana vose vakaberekwa vaiva mapatya
- Vakadzi 35-49: 5 muzana yekuberekwa kwaiva mapatya
- Vakadzi vasati vava nemakore makumi maviri nemashanu: 2 muzana yekuberekwa kwaiva mapatya.
Izvi zvinowedzera kuwirirana nekuchinja kwekuparidzirwa kwegore kwevakadzi vanozvara mumakore makumi matatu ekudzidza. Ikoko chete 20 muzana yevakadzi vanozvara muna 1980 vaiva nemakore anopfuura makumi matatu, iyo yakawanda yakawanda yakaita 35 muzana yevana vakaberekwa pashure pe2000. "Kuwedzera kwezera remadzimai kumakore makumi emakore kwaizotarisirwa kuchinja maitiro maviri ekuberekwa nekuda kwepamusoro (kureva,, pasina kushandiswa kwemishonga inobereka) twinning rates yevakadzi mumakore avo makumi matatu. " Chidzidzo chacho chinofungidzira kuti chikamu chimwe chetatu chekuwedzera mumapapiro ekuberekwa kunogona kunzi kuwedzera kwekukwirira kwemakore ekuberekwa. Iko kuwirirana kunoramba kuchiita zvechokwadi mumakore achangopfuura. Muna 2014, ruzhinji rwezvipembenene rwakaberekerwa vanaamai pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu.
Zvirwere Zvokurapa uye Twin Birth Birth
Mishonga inobereka yakawanda inofungidzirwa pamusana pekukonzerwa kwekuwedzera kwamawere, uye chidzidzo ichi chinotsigira iyo dzidziso. Chidzidzo chacho chinotaura nezvemishonga yekushaya vana uye inotakura zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvekuwedzera kwemafa maviri ekuberekwa kubva muna 1980 kusvika muna 2009. Zvirwere zvekuberekwa zvinosanganisira kutora mishonga inokurudzira mishonga kana nzira yekubatsira kubata pamuviri, zvakadai se -vitro fertilization . Iko kushandiswa kwekurapa kunobatanidzwa nechirwere chezera remakore rakapfuura sevakadzikadzi vanopfuura makore makumi matatu vanowedzera kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekubereka, chidzidzo chinobvuma.
Mumakumi matatu emakore apo mazera maviri ekuberekwa kwepabonde akadzidzwa, teknolojia yehutano yakaita kuti utano huve nani hubudirire uye huwedzere kufambidzana. Kushandisa rubatsiro rwekuberekera kwakava kwakapararira muma1980 nema1990. Zvisinei, iyo nzira dzakagadziridzwa mumakore achangobva kupfuura kudzivirira nhamba yevana vakaberekerwa vakawanda vanoita sechigumisiro chekurapa kwechirwere, vachiziva kuti vazhinji vanoberekwa vanobatanidzwa nehutano hwepamusoro hwehutano uye pamwe chete nehutano hwekutarisira hutano.
Kunobva:
Martin, JA, et al. "Makumi makumi matatu emapfumbamwe ekuberekwa muUnited States, 1980-2009." National Centre for Health Statistics , 2012.
Hamilton, b., Et al. "Kuberekwa: Final Data yegore ra2014." Nyaya Dzakakosha dzeZvenyika, December 23, 2015.