Kunyange zvazvo chirwere chinokonzerwa nechirwere chehepatitis B chave chichizivikanwa kubvira panguva yaHippocrates muzana remakore re5 BCE, yakanga isina kusvika kuma1960 ne70s iyo yakanyatsozivikanwa.
Nhasi, kunyange zvazvo vana vakawanda vachangoberekwa vachirwererwa nehupatitis B vasati vabva muimba yevana, isu tichiri nemakore makumi mana ekuberekwa kwepatinitis B gore rimwe nerimwe-vacheche vanotora hepatitis B kubva kuna amai vavo.
Kunyange zvazvo iri nani kwazvo kupfuura nguva yakatarisa kupedza nguva, apo paive nemakore anokwana 3 500 gore negore, izvo zvinoreva kuti kuchine rimwe basa rinofanira kuitwa. Uye zvinoreva kuti ichiri kukosha zvikuru kuwana chirwere.
Nei Zvicheche Zvichiwana Hepatitis B
Nei vana vachiri kutora hepatitis B? Ngozi dzinosanganisira:
- Amai vasina kuwana kutarisirwa kwepabonde uye saka havana kuongororwa nehepatitis B
- Vacheche veHBsAg-positive amai vasingatori kurapwa panguva, mukati maawa gumi nemaviri ekuberekwa, kazhinji nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvemishonga, zvakadai sokusapa HBIG uye chirwere panguva kana zvachose
- Vacheche vaamai vasina hutachiona B vasingazivikanwi mhinduro dzinoguma dzisingatori kurapwa panguva (dzinofanirwa kutarisirwa sekuti dzakanaka, sezvo dzingave)
- Vacheche veHBsAg-positive amai vasati vapedzisa zvirwere zvavo zvekuvhara hepatitis B
Uyezve kune vana vatsva vanoberekerwa vanaamai viremic, avo vanogona kutora hepatitis B pasinei nekuwana HBIG uye vachengeti ve hepatitis B.
Kushandisa mishonga inorwisa anti-HBV, yakadai se lamivudine, telbivudine uye tenofovir, zvinogona kutarisira kuti vana ava varege kutapukisa hepatitis B.
Utachiona hweHepatitis B hutachiona hunowanzoitwa mumutatu wechitatu wemimba yekuzvitakura, kuitira kuti vana vanorapwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kutanga kana hukanyanya kwazvo, vachibatsira kuziva vanaamai vane viremic.
Imwe ngozi yekuti mwana awane hepatitis B zvingadaro asina kuva nemuedzo kana kuti kurapwa kwemishonga.
Tora Matanho Okudzivirira Hepatitis B
Utachiona hweH hepatitis B:
- Yakapararira 2 mabhiriyoni munyika
- Yakagara iine utachiona kupfuura vanhu mamiriyoni 350, kusanganisira mamiriyoni 2,2 muUnited States
- Zvinokonzera mamiriyoni makumi mashanu ekutapukirwa matsva pagore pasi pose
- Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti zvirwere zvisingaperi zvirwere muvana vaduku
- Inouraya vanhu vanopfuura 600 000 gore negore
- Inopararira kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu kuburikidza neropa uye muviri wemvura
- Inogona kukonzera chirwere chakanyanya uye chisingaperi chine hepatitis (ine jaundice ), cirrhosis, uye hepatocellular carcinomas (kenza yeropa)
Nenzira inofadza, kunyanya sezvo pasina chirwere chezvipembenene izvi, hepatitis B ndiyo chirwere chinodzivirirwa zvino .
Mushonga wokutanga weplasma wakatora hepatitis B wakagamuchirwa muna 1981 uye wakakurumidza kuchinjwa nechirwere chechipiri chakazvarwa muna 1986.
Kunyange zvazvo chirwere chacho chaive chakabudirira pakudzivirira hepatitis B kupikisa, nzira yekutanga yekutsvaga mapoka makuru ehutachiona (kusarudza kurapa) haina kushanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvaive chikonzero nekuti vanhu vakawanda vakanga vasingazivi kuti vaiva nengozi yakanyanya, kunyanya dai vaive veimba kana kuti zvekuita zvepabonde kune umwe munhu akanga ari pangozi yakakura, yakadai sekuva nevarume vakawanda vanoita zvepabonde kana kushandisa mishonga inopinza.
Kunyangwe njodzi dzisati dzasara dzakatarwa kubva pakuongorora (kusarudza kupora nekuongorora) zvakashaya vakadzi vazhinji vane pamuviri vane chirwere chekushaya chirwere chepachipatara B chisingaperi uye mukana wekumisa vana vavo kuti varege kutapukisa hepatitis B.
Izvo zvichida kuti nei zvisiri izvo kusvikira tashandura purogiramu yehutachiona hwehutumbi hwehutano (1991) kuti takakwanisa kuona kuderera kunoshamisa kwechipatara B kuputira muvana. Maererano neCDC, chiitiko chekushaya hepatitis B chakasvika 96 muzana muvana uye vechidiki kubva muna 1990 kusvika muna 2005.
Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusarudza kuongorora nekupora, zvinongova nokuti vane huwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hweH hepatitis B munyika yavo kuti zvirwere zvepasi rose hazvifungidziri kuti zvinodhura.
Izvi zvinosanganisira nyika dzakadai seDenmark, Finland, Iceland, Japan, Norway, Sweden, uye United Kingdom.
Nyika dzakawanda dzinoita zvirwere pasi pose, kusanganisira zvimwe, zvakadai seIreland neNetherlands iyo ichangobva kuchinja kubva pakusarudzwa kwekusarudza.
Mishonga mbiri yeHepatitis B, Recombivax HB uye Engerix-B, ikozvino inowanikwa mune zvose zvevana uye maitiro evanhu vakuru. Vanopa kudzivirirwa kwakakura (80 kusvika kuzana 100 muzana) kurwisana nehepatitis B kuvhara kana ichipiwa sezvikamu zvitatu zvakatevedzana.
Pediarix chirwere chinobatanidza chinosanganisira DTaP, hepatitis B (Engerix-B), uye IPV zvirwere mune rimwe furemu.
Pasi Pasi
Hepatitis B chirwere chinochengetedzwa-chinodzivirirwa icho vana vako vanogona kudzivisa. Vangave vakaberekerwa muchipatara, biring centre, kana pamusha, vanofanirwa kuve vachirongwa nemitambo yezvirwere inotanga katatu mushure mekuberekwa kwavo.
Sources:
A Comprehensive Immunization Strategic to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection muUnited States Zvirongwa zveDare Rinokurudzira rekudzivirira Kuvhara (ACIP) Chikamu 1: Kuvharirwa kwevana, Vana, uye Vana vaduku. MMWR. December 23, 2005/54 (RR16); 1-23
Epidemiology nekudzivirira kweHIV-Zvidziviriri Zvirwere. Bhuku Rakawomesa: Bhuku Rokunyora - 13th Edition (2015)
Giraudon, Isabelle. Zvinokonzera Kusanganiswa Nekusagadziriswa Kuchengetedzwa kweVacheche Vari Pangozi yePerinatal Hepatitis B Kuwedzerwa: Chidzidzo cheLondon muna 2006. Chirwere, Volume 27, Issue 14, 23 March 2009, Mapeji 2016-2022
Houweling H. Ruzhinji vVccination Programs Against Hepatitis B muNetherlands: Kuongorora kana Targeted kana Nzira Yese Yakakodzera. Vaccine. 2010 Nov 16; 28 (49): 7723-30.
> Yi, Panpan et al. Kutungamirirwa kweAmai-ku-Mwana Kuwedzerwa kweHepatitis B Mutsara: Mazano uye Matambudziko. Nyaya yeCliniki Virology, Volume 77, April 2016, Mapeji 32-39