Zvirongwa zvekuzvidzivirira zvinopesana kubva munyika nemunyika, uye kazhinji, purogiramu yakakurudzirwa inobva kune rudzi rwechirwere, chirwere chacho chirwere chakagadzirirwa, uye nguva yemwana apo chirwere chinogona kubatsira zvikuru. Mishonga yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vacheche nevana pavanonyanya kunetseka (izvo zviri kutanga kwehupenyu) uye vasati vasangana nezvirwere zvinogona kutyisa upenyu.
Chirongwa Chekuvhara Vana
Iyo purogiramu yakakonzerwa yemazuva ano yakakurudzirwa vana neCenters for Disease Control, American Academy of Pediatrics, uye Komiti Yemazano yeZviito Zvokudzivirira, inotaura kuti panguva iyo vana muUnited States vanotanga gorozi, vanofanira kuwana:
- 3 mazera emushonga we hepatitis B
- 2 kana 3 mazera emushonga wemuromo we rotavirus (Rotarix kana RotaTeq)
- 5 madhayisa emushonga weDTaP
- 3 kana 4 maitiro emushonga weHib
- 4 madhavha emushonga wePrevnar 13
- 4 majekiseni eporiyo
- 2 mazera emishonga yeMMR
- 2 mazai ehuku yekukuya (vacvax)
- 2 majekiseni emushonga we hepatitis A
- gore negore zvirwere zvepirwere, zvinowanikwa sepine spray kamwe vana vane makore maviri
Nhamba yeiyo inodzingwa yemavhuta yeR rotavirus neHib inobva kune imwe marimi emushonga inoshandiswa. Zvishomanana zvinodikanwa zvinoda Rotarix (rotavirus) uye PedvaxHIB uye Comvax (Hib) zvirwere.
Vana vanogonawo kuwana shomanana mashoma kana zvirwere zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa, zvakadai se:
- Pediarix, kusanganiswa kweDTaP, IPV, uye chirwere cheHepatitis B
- ProQuad , kusanganiswa kweMMR uye Varivax
- Pentacel, kusanganiswa kweDTaP, IPV, uye Hib
- Kinrix , kusanganiswa kweDTaP uye IPV
Vana vanofanira kunge vane booster shots pavanenge vane makore 11 kusvika ku12:
- Nhamba 1 yeTdap
- Nhamba 1 yeMenactra kana yeMenveo, ine chirwere chinokonzera chikwata pazera remakore gumi nemaviri
- 3 majekiseni epiritsi yeHIVV (vasikana bedzi)
Kuzvidzivirira Nhamba
Imwe nzira yekufunga nezverongwa hwekudzivirira nderokuti panguva iyo pavanotanga gorosi, vana vazhinji vanowana madhii akawanda emishonga 10 kuti vavadzivirire kurwisana nemishonga inodzivirirwa .
Ndezvipi izvi zviri nani kudarika zvirwere zvinorongwa kubva kuma1980 apo vana vakangowana 10 miviri yezvirwere (1983) kana 11 majekiseni mana (1989)?
Ichokwadi kuti vane shotsana shomanana kare, asi iyo inonyanya kukosha inhamba ndiyo nhamba yakakwirira kwazvo yezvirwere zvakawanda izvo zvino zvinodzivirirwa nemishonga iyo vanhu (kunyanya vana) vanowana gore negore mumakore asati agadzirira chirongwa chekuchengetedzwa, saizvozvo se:
- Pneumonia, meningitis, uye zvirwere zveropa kubva kuStreptococcus pneumoniae mabhakitiriya - mhomho 63 060 uye 6 500 vakafa
- Meningitis, epiglottitis, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba kubva kuHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) mabhakitiriya - 20 000 mhosva uye 1 000 vakafa
- Hepatitis A - zviitiko 117,333, 6 863 hospitalizations, uye 137 kufa
- Hepatitis B - matambudziko 66 232, 7 340 hospitalzations, uye 237 kufa
- Rotavirus gastroenteritis - mamiriyoni matatu emhosva, 70 hospitalizations, uye kufa kusvika 20 kusvika ku60
- Chickenpox - mamiriyoni anopfuura mamiriyoni mana, 10 000 hospital hospitzations, uye 100 vakafa
Iro Europi
Zvechokwadi, havasi vose vari munyika vanotevera purogiramu yekuzvidzivirira kweCDC. Vamwe vanhu vanoda kuratidza kuti dzimwe nyika dzine zvirongwa zvekuzvirisa majekiseni mashoma, akadai seDenmark, Sweden, Finland, uye Iceland. Asi maitiro avo ekudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana here?
Maererano neNational Board of Health and Welfare muSweden, vana vose "vanopiwa chirwere chinorwisana nezvirwere zvakakura zvakakura: diphtheria, tetanus, kuputika, polio, utachiona hweHib ( chirwere cheHemophilius influenzae B), utachiona hwepneumococcal, masero, mavhiri, uye rubella Kubva panaJanuary 1, 2010, vasikana vose vakaberekwa 1999 kana kuti gare gare vanopiwa chirwere chinorwisana nehutachiona hwepillomavirus (HPV) yevanhu.
Vana vari pangozi yakawanda yehutachiwana kana chirwere chakakomba vanopiwa chirwere chinopikisa hepatitis B, tuberculosis, hofenza uye chirwere chepneumococcal (kana isati yagara ichipirwa semucheche). "
Uye maererano neFinnish National Vaccination Program, vana vekuFinland vanowanzowana chirwere cheR rovvirus, DTaP, IPV (polio), Hib, MMR, chirwere chepneumococcal conjugate, uye chirwere chegore negore. Vana vari mumapoka akaipisisa vanorapwa nehutachiona (BCG), hepatitis B, uye hepatitis A.
Iceland yakawedzera chirwere cheStreptococcus pneumoniae kurongwa hwepurogiramu, uye vamwe vari kuwedzera kuwedzera iyo nokukurumidza.
Saka kusiyana kukuru muzvirongwa zvakawanda zveEurope ekuzvidzivirira zvirwere ndekushayikwa kwechicken pox vaccine uye kunorapwa kunorwisa hepatitis A uye hepatitis B, patinoshandisa zvirongwa zvepasi pose zvekudzivirira zvirwere izvi-zvinodzivirirwa kudzivirira mushure mekunge vakundikana kuedza kurwisa zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvirwere.
Izvi zvinonzwisisika, kubva:
- Hepatitis A haigari munyika dzakawanda muEurope
- Hepatitis B inowanzowanikwa mumapoka ehuwandu anotsanangurwa zvakanaka munyika dzakawanda muEurope
Zvisinei, nyika dzakawanda, dzakadai seSpain, dzatopa kupa chirwere cheH hepatitis B, dziri kutanga kupa chirwere cheHIVV kumusikana wechidiki, uye kunyange kupa chirwere chekoko chechidiki kune vechidiki kana vasina kumbove nehuchi.
Nyika dzakawanda muEurope dzichiri kudzidza chiitiko chinopesana nekubatsirwa kunobatsira nguva dzose kushandisa chirwere che rotavirus.
Iko huru inotora kubva kune dzimwe nyika haisi iyo inoshandisa shoti shoma; iyo ndiyo basa rakanaka ravanoita mukupinza vana vavo. MuFinland, nhamba dzekuvhara ropa dzinoratidzira kuti 98 kusvika 99 muzana yevana vanorapwa.
Uyezve, nyika dzakawanda dzine zvirongwa zvekuzvidzivirira zvinenge zvakangofanana neDCDC yokuzvidzivirira. Kubva muna 2007, vacheche muAustralia, somuenzaniso, vakawana zvirwere zvishanu pamwedzi miviri, sezvakaitwa muUnited States-hepB, DTaP, Hib, IPV, Prevnar 7, uye chirwere che rotavirus.
Zvimwe Kuzvidzivirira Purogiramu
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvirwere izvo vamwe vanhu vanoramba vachikurudzira zvinosanganisira:
- User-Friendly Vaccination Schedule -Kutanga pazera remakore maviri, rimwe chete pane imwe nguva, kuwana rimwe nerimwe pertussis (acellular pertussis), diphtheria, tetanus, uye ipapo IPV (polio) inodhonza mwedzi mitanhatu, kunyange zvazvo pertussis, diphtheria, uye tetanus shots hazviwanikwi zvakare
- Dr. Bob's Alternative Vaccin Schedule - Zvikamu zvezvirwere kuitira kuti vacheche varege kuwana mazana maviri panguva imwe chete, asi vanofanira kutora mhirizhonga pamwedzi panzvimbo pacho, vanonoka kuputira hepatitis A uye vachepatitis B kusvikira vana vaduku, uye vanokurudzira masero, mumps, uye rubella shots panzvimbo yekubatanidza mishonga yeMMR
Vabereki vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kana imwe nzira inogona kuderedza zvirwere zvinopedza zvirwere, kana kunyange kunyatsochengetedza zvirwere-zvinodzivirirwa zvirwere (kunonoka pakuwana shoti kunogona kusiya mwana wako asina kudzivirirwa uye pangozi yekuwana chirwere chinodzivirirwa chekudzivirira), haasati awanikwa uye haana kudzivirirwa.
Sources:
Chirwere Chetachiona Chekudzivirira uye Kudzivirira. IUnited States 2016 Yakarongedzwa Kuvhara Mishonga Yevanhu Vakwegura 0 Kupfuura Makore 18.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Immunization Schedule.
Dhipatimendi rehurumende yeAustralia yeUtano neAging. National Immunization Program Program.
Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare. Vaccines in Finland.
Yenguva refu: Maitiro uye Maitiro eZvepabonde Zvirwere Zvinopindirana Revised Reprint, 3rd ed. - 2009.
MMWR: National, State, uye Local Area Vaccination Coverage pakati pevana Vakwegura 19-35 Mwedzi - United States, 2009. MMWR. Svondo 17, 2010/59 (36); 1171-1177.
Sweden National Board of Health and Welfare. Vaccines muSweden.