Chikamu cheCesarea Chikamu: Kupa Kuberekwa neC-chikamu

Chikamu chekudzivirira ndeimwe nzira yekuti vacheche vazvarwe. Urwu rudzi rwekuberekwa runoitwa nekubatwa kwepachiviriro mudumbu uye chiberekero kubvumira mwana kana vana vacheche kuti vaberekwe vakachengeteka kana kuberekwa kwevakadzi vachiri nzira yakachengeteka. Inowanzonziwo c-chikamu. Nhamba yezvino inosara iri muUnited States inopfuura 32%.

Nepo kune zvikonzero zvekuti chikamu chekudzivirira chinogona kugadziriswa kusati kwatanga kushanda, kwekutanga kacho vanaamai kana vakadzi vasina kumbobvira vasara mune imwe kuberekwa, chisarudzo chekuberekwa chichaitwa mubasa.

Zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi hazvikurumidzika, asi hazvisati zvarongwa kusvikira nguva yebasa ichitaura zvimwe.

Zvikonzero zvekuberekwa kwaKesariya

Iwe unogona kushamisika kana chikamu chekudzivirira chinogona kunge chiri nzira yakanakisisa yekuita iwe nemwana wako. Chikamu chekudzivirira chinogona kuitwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, kusanganisira:

• Placenta previa : Apo chikamu chepentecenta chinofukidza murubhivi, mukova apo mwana anobva muchibereko.
• Breech mwana : Kana mwana asina kunyanya kumira pasi, kazhinji tsoka kana pasi pakutanga.
• Kutambudzika kushungurudza : Kana mwana asingashiviriri kubasa kana kuti ane dambudziko mukuzvitora izvo zvingada kubhadhara nguva pfupi, kutsika kudarika.
• Multiple order order (triplets, quadruplets, etc.)
• Zvimwe zvinetso zvemamai kana fetus

Kutaura nemushandi wako musati waita basa pamusoro pekuti nei kuregererwa kungave kwakakosha kwauri kunogona kupa iwe ruzivo rwakananga kunyanya kuve nepamuviri.

Iwe unofanirwawo kubvunza chiremba wako kana muchengeti pamusoro pemari yavo chaiyo yechikamu chekusiya, kunyange kana iwe usingafungi kuti iwe uchava nechekare. Iva nechokwadi chekubvunza nezvehutengo hwavo hwekudzivirira hutsika. Izvi zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwevakadzi vanowira mune imwe nhengo inonzi NTSV ( nulliparous term singleton vertex), kana kuti nguva yekutanga vanaamai panguva, vane imwe musoro pasi mwana.

NTSV yemari yakasara yakanyatsojeka mukugadzirisa dambudziko rako rekuda kuvhara.

Iko NTSV kana kuti mukana wekudzivirira wekuvhara iyo inotaridzika inotaridzirwa kune mumwe mupiki uye inogona kuita chiitiko icho chiremba wako kana mukukuta anopa kutarisira. Iwe unogonawo kubvunza kuchipatara uko uri kuronga kubereka. Kunzwisisa kuti mupiki wako angave asingazivi ruzivo urwu kubva pane bhati uye angave achida kuziva nekudzoka kwauri. Iwe unofanirwawo kukwanisa kudana uye kubvunza mutungamiri wekudzidzira nezvemashoko aya. Izvo zvinotarisirwa munyika ndezvekuti 23,9% yezvese zvakaberekerwa, izvo zvakaderera kupfuura nhamba yese yezvokuberekwa kwevachengeti uye inofunga kuwedzera kwechido chevamwe vakadzi kuti vave nekuberekwa kweavoarean uye vaparadzanise kubva kune vakadzi vane ngozi shoma, avo vasingakwanisi kubereka kuvhiyiwa kunoda kuberekwa zvakanaka.

Ngozi

Chikamu chekudzivirira chikafu chikuru chekuvhiyiwa mumimba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune chikonzero chakajeka chekuvhiyiwa sechidziviriro chekuchengetedza upenyu, zviri nyore kuverenga zvikomborero zvichienderana nezvengozi . Ndezvipi zvakaoma kutsanangura ndezvipi izvi zvinowedzera zvinetso zvisingabvumirwi. Ichokwadi ndechekuti izvi zvichasiyana kubva kuvashandi kusvika kuvashandi uye mhuri kumhuri.

Kune zvikamu zvishomanana zvakakura zvematambudziko . Kune ngozi kune mai.

Zvengozi izvi zvinosanganisira:

• utachiona
• ropa clots
• kupikisa kunokuvadza kune urinary tract
• kubuda ropa zvikuru (kushaya ropa)
• achida hysterectomy (kurasikirwa nechibereko chake)
• iyo ngozi shomanana, inowedzera, njodzi yekufa

Kunewo ngozi kune mwana, kunyange dzimwe njodzi dzakaoma kuderedza kunze kana ngozi yakawedzerwa inokonzerwa nechikonzero chekuchengetwa kwemazuva ano kunoda, kunyanya panyaya yekutora kunetseka. Zvengozi izvi zvinosanganisira:

• mukana wakawedzerwa wokufema matambudziko
• njodzi yakawanda yekuve muineonatal yakasimba yekuchengetedza unit (NICU)
• iatrogenic prematurity (chiitiko chisati chaitika kare nekuda kwekuvhiyiwa kwaiitwa)

• kunyanya kunwisa vana
• vachikuvadzwa kana kuvharwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa

Kunewo zvimwe zvingangova nengozi dzekudzivirira pamuviri munguva yemberi. Zvengozi izvi zvinosanganisira:

• uterine rupture (apo chidimbu chinoparadzanisa panguva yekuzvitakura kana mubasa)
• kuwedzerwa njodzi yekusakisa kwepascental placement in future future births, kusanganisira placenta previa
• kuvhiyiwa kunotsvaga kwe hysterectomy
• pangozi iyo placenta yaizokura kuburikidza nehutanda hweUterine
• pangozi yokuti amai havazobvumirwi kuedza kuberekwa kwevakadzi, kunyange kana munhu akakodzera aine chikonzero nekuda kwezvipatara zvehurumende
• pangozi yekuputika kwepamusoro (apo placenta isati yaparadzaniswa kubva mudanda re uterine)
• zvinogona kuwedzera mungozi yezvinyorwa zvekubereka, kupererwa kwemimba, kuberekwa

Nepo kune dzimwe njodzi dzinobva pakuberekwa kwekudzivirira, inofanira kuonekwa zvakare kuti iyi ndiyo inowanzovhiyiwa muUnited States, ine mishonga inopfuura mamiriyoni 1,3 yakaitwa gore rose. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane basa rinogara richiitwa nekuvandudza, kana zvichibvira, kuderedza dambudziko iri pamativi ose.

Kubereka Kirasi

Kutora kirasi yekuberekwa kunogona kukupawo ruzivo rwakanyanya pamusoro pezvinhu izvi uye apo vangave vachidikanwa, kuti vadzivise sei zvisingakoshi zvekuchengetedza, uye ruzivo rwekudzikinura. Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira iwe kuumba mibvunzo yekubvunza mubatsiri wako vose asi panguva yekushanya kwako kwezvipatara kana zvizvarwa zvekuberekwa.

• Sei iwe unogona kuva nechigadziriswa chisina kurongwa?
• Sei iwe uchida kuronga runyararo?
• Ngozi dzeCesarea Chikamu

C-Chikamu Chetsika

Kune dzimwe nzira mbiri dzinokosha iyo sarudzo inogadzirirwa kuita basa iri. Imwe ndiyo apo chisarudzo chinoitwa mushure mokunge basa rave ratanga, saka iwe watototanga kupinda muchipatara uye zvichida uri mubasa. Iwe unogonawo kunge uine hutachiona munzvimbo. Chimwe chiitiko ndechekuti iwe unoronga chekuchengetedza mushure mekushanda uye kutarisa muchipatara, kunyanya nokuda kwekuita mwana wako ne c-chikamu .

Iwe unowanzotarisa muchipatara kana mubasa kana kuti zvisati zvarongwa c-chikamu . Kubvira ipapo vachaita basa reropa kuti vaone kuti vane ruzivo rwekubatsira kuti uwane mishonga yakakodzera uye kurapwa. Iwe uchapiwa mishonga kuti ubatsire kusimbisa asidi mudumbu mako uye iwe uchapiwa IV. Iwe unogonawo kunge uine chikamu chepurasitiki yako yakagadzirirwa, kwete kuveurwa. Kana iwe usina chirwere chepachirwere, iwe uchapiwa chirwere chepasimasi kana chepine aneshehesia , kana kuti kazhinji kazhinji, aneshehesia (iyo inokuisa iwe "kurara" nokuda kwekuvhiyiwa). Mushure mokunge anesthesia , iwe uchange uine chirwere chokuberekwa kwechecheche wako.

Kuvhiya kunotanga nekupedza mimba yako, nekugadzira zvishandiso. Pachava nemakanda akawanda uye maketeni akaiswa kuti udzivirire utachiona uye kukudzivirira kuti usatarise kuvhiyiwa kana iwe usingadi kuita saizvozvo. Maoko ako achawanzoiswa pamapuranga anonamatira kunze, kure nemuviri wako. Zvinogona kana kuti zvingasungirwa pamapuranga aya. (Iyi ndiyo imwe nzvimbo iwe unogona kuita kuti zvaunoda zvizivikanwe. Vanaamai vakawanda vanosarudza kuva nehana imwe chete pasina.)

Kuvhiya kunotanga nekuongorora kuti uone kuti wakanyarara zvachose munzvimbo iyo incision ichaitwa. Uye ipapo zvikamu zvakasiyana zvichagurwa uye kuparadzaniswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira ganda rako, tsvina, fascia (mafuta), peritoneum, chiberekero, uye amniotic sac. Iyi chikamu chekuvhiya kazhinji inokurumidza kufananidzwa nekureba kwenguva yese yekuvhiyiwa, 5-10 maminitsi. Zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti uende kumucheche kana iwe une nhoroondo yekuvhiyiwa mumimba, kunyanya yekare yakasara, izvi zvinokonzerwa nehutachi. Panewo zvimwe zvinhu zvinenge zvichiitika panguva ino, kusanganisira bladder iri kuchengetedzwa, kubuda ropa mumidziyo yeropa iri kuiswa cauterized kudzivirira kuwedzerwa kweropa. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero izvo chiremba wako anoshandisa munhu wechipiri kuti avabatsire. Izvi zvinogona kuva mumwe chiremba kubva mumutambo, mukoti wako muchecheti, kana mumwe munhu akashandiswa nechipatara uyo anoshanda semubatsiri wekamuri yekuvhiya (mumwe chiremba, chiremba, mubatsiri, mukoti akarembera akarembera, nevamwe).

Apo inouya nguva yekuberekwa chaiyo, unganzwa uchinetseka uye uchidhonza. Chiremba wako achakuyeuchidza izvi uye anokugadzirira. Vamwe vanaamai vanotaura izvozvo kweminiti, vanonzwa vachinetseka zvikuru kubva kumanikidziro. Inowanzopfupika. Anesthesiologist kana anesthetist ari parutivi rwako uye achakubatsira kuti utsungirire manzwiro aya uye chero zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kunzwa munguva yec-chikamu , izvo zvisingambofaniri kurwadziwa. Vane boka rose rezvinyengeri, mamwe acho ari mishonga, asi mamwe haasi. Taura zvaunofarira zvisati zvaitika kana zvichibvira.

Iwe unogona kunyatsoona nguva yekuzvarwa kana ukasarudza. Zvimwe zvivako zvinopa pachena zvakajeka zvinokubvumira kuona mwana achisimudzwa kubva mudumbu rako. Iwe unogonawo kukumbira kuti chisina kujeka chidimbu chinoderedzwa kwekanguva. Uye kunewo mukana wekushandisa girazi kubva Kubasa uye Kuendesa kunoiswa pedyo nekamuri rako, miriramiro inotarisana pasi uye yakafanana nechomukati kuti uone. Mumwe wako uye / kana doula inowanzova musoro wako. Vanogonawo kutarisa zvinoda.

Kana mwana wako ane hutano, iwe uchakwanisa kutaura pamusoro pekuti mwana wako aisa ganda kuti afukidze pachifuva chako nemabhadzi edziya anofukidza iwe mose. Mumwe wako, doula, mukoti uye / kana anesthesiologist anogona kubatsira kukuitira izvi. Vamwe vacheche vachabvumira uye vacheche muimba yekushandira.

Vamwe vana vanoda kubatsirwa pakutanga uye izvo zvinowanzoitika muimba yekushandira. Mumwe wako angabvunzwa kuti auye kumushando apo mwana wako ari kuongororwa. Kana zvichibvira, vachadzosa mwana wacho kwauri shure kwekuongorora.

Kunyange zvazvo zvose izvi zvaiitika, chiremba wako anonyatsopedza chirwere chako. The placenta inobviswa manyore. Chibereko chinotarirwa uye chinocheneswa. Ndiyo sutured uye iyo inotanga kugadzira nekugadzirisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinotora nguva yakareba kudarika chikamu chokutanga chekuvhiyiwa. Kunyange zvazvo muvhareji wekuvhara mhando isinganzwisisiki inenge maminetsi makumi matatu nemaminitsi makumi mashanu nemashanu kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira, nguva shoma kuti ikubatanidze kuenda kunzvimbo yekudzikinura.

Zvirongwa zvekuzvarwa uye Zvimwe

Kuve nekuberekwa kwemazuva ano kunogona kuita kuti iwe ufunge kuti hauna zvingasarudzwa. Icho hachisi chokwadi. Kune zvakawanda zvakawanda zvekusarudza iwe kuti usarudze pane usati wapedza kubereka, kusanganisira zvimwe zvingakubatsira kuti uwane kuberekwa kwakachengeteka kwekuzvara . Izvi ndezvechokwadi pasinei nokuti iwe uri kuita chirongwa chekuvhara chirongwa chekuvhara kana chigadziro chisina kugadzirirwa.

Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Ndiani angagona kuenda newe kuimba yekushanda newe iwe nokuda kwekuvhiya / kuberekwa?
• Kushandisa doula kuti akusigire iwe uye / kana wako wako kana panguva kana mushure mokuberekwa.
• Unoda here mimhanzi inotamba?
• Ungashandisa girazi kuti uone mwana achibuda? Girazi? Imwe nzira?
• Ko mwana wako angapihwa zvakananga kwauri kweganda kuti uchengetedze kutarisirwa muA OR? Imba yekudzikinura?
• Unogona kutora mapikicha here?

Taura nachiremba wako kuti uone kuti zvipi zvavanowanzopa . Kana pane chimwe chinhu chausingadi kunzwa asi chinofarira, iva nechokwadi chekubvunza. Chiremba wako anoda kuti uwane kuberekwa kwakachengeteka, asi kazhinji inogadzirisa zvakanyanya zvaunofarira iwe pachako sezvinobvira, pasina kukanganisa kuchengeteka. Iwe unogonawo kukumbira kuti uone sampuli dzezvirongwa zvekuberekwa kwekudzivirira.

Kudzorera

Iko nguva pfupi mushure mekuberekwa, iwe uchapora mune imwe nzvimbo inokosha yechipatara chinonzi nzvimbo yekudzikinura. Zvizhinji zvezvipatara zvine nzvimbo yakasiyana yekudzikinura yevakadzi vakangobereka chirwere, asi kazhinji kamuri rine mikana yevanhu vanopfuura kamwe panguva. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhamba yevanhu vamunobvumirwa kuona ndiyo inopfuvura kana iwe wakanga uine kuberekwa kwevakadzi. Mushure meawa yekutanga, iwe kazhinji unoenda kunzvimbo yako yekugara pashure pokunge uchinge uchitarisa. Pano unogona kuva nevakashanya vakawanda, nemutemo wechipatara.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisisa zvaunogona kuita kuti uwedzere kupora ndiko kusimuka nekufamba. Vakadzi vakawanda vanogona kuita izvi kamwechete kupera kunopera, pamwe nekutsigirwa kubva kuvashandi. Sangano iri rinokubatsira kuporesa nekuderedza dambudziko remamwe matambudziko, sekuita ropa. Iwe uchapihwa bhuti rakakosha, dzimwe nguva isati yambovhiyiwa, kupfekedza pamakumbo ako akacheka anodzika. Izvi ndezvekuedza kudzivirira ropa revhapiti kubva pakugadzirisa kubva kusingaiti.

Chimwe chipatara chinogara mushure mekuberekwa kwemazuva anenge mana. Vamwe amai vanoedza kudzokera kumusha kare, asi vamwe vanaamai vanonakidzwa nekugara kana kuti vanoda kugara. Izvi ndezvega. Kunewo vamwe vanaamai vane mishonga vasina kuregererwa kusunungurwa, kunyange mushure memazuva mana.

Pain Medications

Iwe uchapiwa mishonga inorwadza kuti ikubatsire kupora kubva pamarwadzo ekuvhiyiwa. Vakadzi vazhinji vanotanga kupiwa mishonga kuburikidza nepidural catheter kuti vabatsire kuderedza marwadzo mukati meawa ekutanga kusvika anenge zuva mushure mokuberekwa. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa nemuromo wemishonga yakafanana narcotics.

Dhacotic mishonga inoshandiswa mumuromo mushure mekutanga maawa mashoma mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Unogona kuzvida izvi kwenguva pfupi mushure mekusununguka, asi vamwe vakadzi vanogona kuchinja kune mishonga yemishonga kana mishonga iyo isiri yenyamuvara mukati memazuva mashomanana nehuwandu hwehutungamiri. Kutambura kwakanaka kutonga kwakakosha zvikuru kuti iwe uwanezve. Iwe haufaniri kurega marwadzo ekurwadziwa. Zvakachengeteka kuti iwe utore panguva yekuyamwisa uye chikamu chinokosha chekudzorera kwako.

Sezvo c-chikamu chiri chirwere, kupora kwako kunowanzove kwenguva yakareba kupfuura iyo yepabonde kuberekwa. Kutengesa kwako kuchave kwakaoma uye vazhinji vakadzi vachati kufamba mavambo mashomanana ekuberekwa kunorwadza. Yeuka kuti kufamba zvakanaka chinhu chakanaka sezvachichirapa kuporesa. Mavhiki mashomanana okutanga anozorora uye haatakuri chinhu chinorema kudarika mwana.

Cesarean Scar

Iwe uchange uine ruvara apo chiremba wako anocheka . Inowanzotora masendimita mana uye inowanikwa pamusoro pepublicic hair yako. Dzimwe nguva, iwe uchava nechivara chiri mune imwe nzvimbo kana nzvimbo. Kuvhara kwako kwakapfigwa nezvokudya, suture zvinhu, kana glue, zvichienderana nezvakaitwa nechiremba wako ainakisisa. Mushure memazuva mashomanana, iwe unogona kunge uine zvigunwe kana zvakasara zvabviswa . Izvi zvingave kana zvisakadaro kana mushure mokubva kwenyu muchipatara.

Iwe unofanirwa kukumbira mukoti wako weku postpartum kuti ataure newe pamusoro pekuchengetedza kwako kusanganisa. Bvunza kuti chii chinowanzoitika uye zvisingaiti. Semuenzaniso, zvishoma zvekupedza mazuva mashomanana ekutanga zvakajairika. Asi haufaniri kunhuhwidza kusvibiswa, uyewo haufaniri kuva nemitsara yakatsvuka. Izvi zviratidzo zvehutachiona, kana kuti pasina fevri, uye inofanira kuziviswa pakarepo.

Svondo revhiki rekupedzisira Postpartum Visit

Hasha yako ichachinja maitiro ayo anotarisa mukati memavhiki matanhatu. Uye mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekunge mazvara, zvichaita zvakanyanya kusiyana nezvakaitwa ipapo. Iwe unogona kuona kuti mushure mekurwadziwa kwokubereka kunenge kwapera, ruvara rwako rungave ruchiva uye / kana rudha. Izvi zvinowanzojairika, asi zvechokwadi chimwe chinhu chaunogona kubvunza pamusoro pevhiki rako rechitanhatu chengorora kana nefoni kana zvichidikanwa.

Munenge mavhiki masere mushure mekuberekwa kwenyu, muchave nekushanyira chiremba wenyu kana mukukuta. Uyu mukana wekutaura pamusoro pekunge uchinge uchitora, asi kubasa kwako uye / kana kuberekwa, kuzvidzora, nekuzvarwa patsva. Kana uine mibvunzo, nyora pasi uye uuye navo. Kushanyirwa uku kunowanzobatanidza kuongorora kwemuviri, kusanganisira kuongorora kwepilvic uye pap smear. Iwe unogonawo kupiwa chirongwa chekudzivirira kuberekwa nenguva ino.

Kana uchinge wataurirwa kuporesa, iwe unowanzopiwa chiedza chine ruvara rwepabonde . Yeuka, ichi chibvumirano chemuviri, dzimwe nguva, hausi kunyatsogadzikana mupfungwa uye ndizvo zvakanaka. Taura nemumwe wako pamusoro pezvaunoda, zvido zvavo, uye zvaunogona kuita kuti uve wakagadzirira kana iwe uchimirira.

Kuberekwa

Kunwisa pashure pekuvharira kunogona , kunyange zvidzidzo uye vanaamai vanotiudza kuti dzimwe nguva zvakaoma. Dzimwe nguva ndeyekuparadzaniswa kwekutanga shure kwekuberekwa kana kunonoka kutanga kwekuyamwisa. Kana zvichibvira, kudzivirira kukanganisa uku nekugadzirira mberi kunogona kubatsira. Unogonawo kushandisa kushandisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana mumazuva ekutanga mushure mekuberekwa kwako. Vanaamai vazhinji vanoona kuti kushandisa bhora rakabata nzvimbo yekuyamwisa kunobatsira kudzivirira ruvara rwavo. Iva nechokwadi chekukumbira rubatsiro kana iwe uine nyaya nekunwisa, kana uchitsvaga mazano kubva purogiramu yekuyamwisa pashure pokunge aberekwa neavoarean.

Ramangwana Rwakaberekwa

Ruzhinji rwevakadzi vane kuberekwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira iyo pamuviri unogona kuva nekuberekwa kwechikadzi nemwana anotevera. Izvi zvinonzi kuvakadzi kuberekwa mushure mekunge cesarean kana VBAC (inonzi chirevo chekare). Iyi hurukuro ndeye inofanira kunge yakave nemuongorori wako. Izvi zvinowanzoenderana nechikonzero chekutanga chekusiya uye chimiro chekudzivirira pachibereko chako.

Sezvo uimbova neyekuvhara, pane zviitiko zvakanyanya zvekuita pamuviri munguva yemberi. Mimwe yeiyi inobatanidzwa nekungova nepamuviri zvakare, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachiwedzera zvishoma mubasa. Pakave nekutsvakurudza kwakawanda kunoitwa kana kana kusava nemumwe mwana muzvakanaka ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa uye mhinduro ndeyokuti vazhinji vevana nevana - vane VBAC ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa. Ichi ndicho pakupedzisira chisarudzo chakaitwa pakati pako, mhuri yako, uye mushandi wako.

Kudzivisa Chikamu cheCesarea

Kune vakadzi vakanyatsoda kuita zvavanogona kuti vadzivirire zvisingabviri . MaCesarea akaitirwa zvirwere zvechokwadi zvekurapa haagoni uye haafaniri kudziviswa. Vamwe vashandi vanoita izvi vasati vashandura kune dzimwe nzira, kusanganisira kumirira vashandi kuti vatore nguva yavo, vachiedza dzimwe nzira dzakadai sokushandisa Pitocin kukurumidzira kana kuwedzera basa shoma, kana kushandisa kunyange kuvhara kana simba kuti vabatsire pakuberekwa kwechecheche. Chero bedzi amai nemucheche vane utano hwakanaka, kukurukura pakati pako nemuranda wako kunowanzobatsira pakudzivisa zvisizvo zvisingadiwi. Ikowo kukurukurirana kwakakwana kuti uve nemuongorori wako usati watanga kushanda. Kunewo dzimwe nzira dzekukurudzira kuberekwa kwemudzimai, kureva kuva nechokwadi chokuti mushandi wako ane muchero wekucheka.

> Sources:

> America Congress yeVokuvhiyiwa uye Gynecologists; Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Obstetric Care Consensus Nha. 1: Kuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka kwekutanga kwekusunungurwa kwekutora. Obstet Gynecol 123 (3): 693-711. 2014.

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