Mhuri dzakawanda dziri kusarudza kurera vana vavo kuti vazive kutaura mitauro miviri, zvisinei kuti zvikonzero zvechikonzero, zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa, kana kuti kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo hunoitika. Uye kana uine mitauro miviri pasi pebhanhire rako ingangodaro unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwokuti uve nehuwandu, chidzidzo chimwe chakaratidza kuti chinobatsirawo zvikuru kubheche vacheche kunyanya.
Batsirwa Rokuva Mutauro Wemiviri
Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakatsigira kuti pane zvakabatsiro kuva nemitauro miviri, yakadai sokuti inokurudzira kukwanisa kuziva, kunyanya kugadzirisa matambudziko. Kuziva mitauro miviri kunewo zvezvemari, zvemagariro evanhu, uye zvekutaura. Sangano reAmerican Speech-Mutauro-Kunzwa rinotaura zvakakosha zvakakosha zvekuve mitauro miviri inobatsira zvikuru vana vakadai se:
- Iko kukwanisa kutora mazwi matsva nokukurumidza
- Skill nemashoko anonyora
- Kudzidzisa kuputsa mazwi nemazwi avo sezvavanodzidza kutaura uye kuverenga
- Kukurudzira kukwanisa kudzidza ruzivo rutsva
- Chikamu-boka
- Chinetso-kugadzirisa
- Unyanzvi hwokuteerera huri nani
- Kunzwira tsitsi nekubatana kune vamwe vanotaura mutauro mumwe chete
Parizvino, vanenge 12 muzana yevanhu vanopfuura makore mashanu vari vaviri, asi nyanzvi dzinofanotaura kuti nhamba yevanhu vanotaura mitauro miviri inongoramba ichikura. Saka zvinongonzwisisika kuti vabereki vangave vachida kufungisisa kudzidzisa mwana wavo mutauro wechipiri kare kare nokuti zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kudzidza mutauro wechipiri kunonyanya kuve nyore munguva yekare.
Zviri nyore kuti mwana adzidze mitauro miviri panguva imwe chete kupfuura kuti munhu mukuru aedze kudzidza mutauro wechipiri gare gare muupenyu.
Unogona Kudzidzisa Mwana Wako Kuti Ave Mutauro Wemiviri Here?
Nepo vabereki vakawanda uye nyanzvi vanoziva kubatsira kwekuti vana vavo vadzidze mitauro miviri (kana kupfuura!), Kunyatsodzidzisa vana kuti vadzidze mitauro miviri kunogona kunge kwakaoma.
Vana vanochera mumhuri umo mitauro miviri inotaurwa nevabereki vavo kana vanochengeta vanofarira kudzidza mutauro wechipiri nyore nyore uye zvakasikwa. Asi vacheche vasina ruzivo rwevabereki kana vadzidzisi vemitauro miviri vanokwanisa kuwana zvakabatsirwa nekudzidza mitauro miviri.
Kuti aedze kutsanangura kunyatsoratidzira mutauro wechipiri mwana anonyatsoda kudzidza mutauro, nyanzvi muMadrid, Spain dzakadzidza vana vane makore kubva pamwedzi 7 kusvikira pamwedzi 33.5 kuti vaone kuti kuvadzidzisa kweChirungu kwakavhiringidza sei mutauro. Nyanzvi dzakadzidza vana pamakamuri mana emadzidzisi emucheche muMadrid, apo vana vachipiwa zvidzidzo zvemazuva ose kwemaawa echiremba kubva kuvadzidzisi vakataura Chirungu semutauro wekutanga. Zvirongwa zvakapera kwemavhiki gumi nemana.
Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti vana vari mumapoka eboka vakaita zvakanaka kudarika dzimwe nzira dzokudzidzisa Chirungu uye vacheche vakachengeta mazwi matsva uye kunzwisisa kwechiRungu kwenguva yakareba kupfuura vezera ravo zvakare, kunyange kwemavhiki masere mushure mekudzidza kwapera.
Madzidzisiro Akaita Vana Kuti Vave Vechimiro
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti yekare iwe unogona kutaurira mwana wako mutauro wechipiri, mukana wavo mukuru wekuva mutauro wechipiri.
Chimwe chekudzidza chakawana kuti kunyange nemwedzi gumi nemaviri, kutarisa kwevana kwekunzwa mazwi kunopfuurira kumutauro wavo wekutanga . Vacheche vanoberekwa vane mano ekunzwa mheremhere kubva kumarudzi ose emitauro, asi sezvavari pedyo nekutanga kwekuzvarwa kwavo kutarisa kwavo kunopera pasi saka vanotanga "kunzwa" chete mutauro wemutauro wavo wekutanga.
Chinokosha chekudzidza mutauro wechipiri mumwana wemwana wemakore ndeyekuti hutano hwavo hwehuropi uye nzira dzisina kuumbwa zvakadaro, saka uropi hwavo hukwanisa kugadzira "network" yemitauro miviri panguva imwechete pavanenge vacheche, chimwe chinhu ubongo hukuru hunongokwanisa kuita.
Nokudaro, zvakakosha kufumura mwana wako nekukurumidza pamitauro miviri yaunoda kuti iye adzidze, kunyangwe asati atanga kuberekwa kwake. Kana iwe wakarasikirwa nenguva yakatarwa iyoyo, zvisinei, usanetseka. Vana vanobudiswa mumitauro miviri vasati vava nemakore mashanu vanokohwawo zvimwe zvikomborero zvikuru muhutano hwavo hwekuvandudza.
Kudzidzisa Vana Kuti Vave Vaviri
Saka tinoziva kuti kuva mitauro miviri yakakura uye kuti zvakanakisisa kana vana vachigona kutora mutauro wechipiri kubvira pakuberekwa, asi iwe unodzidzisa sei mwana kuti ave mutauro umwe?
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti mwana anodzidza kuva nemitauro miviri kuburikidza nehuwandu uye hutauro hwechipiri rurimi runotaurwa pamusoro pavo. Vacheche vanodzidza zvakanakisisa mumunhu-ku-munhu kutarisa kupesana nevhidhiyo kana kushandiswa kwebasa rinodzidzisa mutauro wechipiri. Uye sezvakaratidzwa chidzidzo chacho, macheche 9 nemwana pasi vanoita zvakanyatsonaka mumitambo yekutamba mitauro nemudzidzisi anorarama pamwe chete uye ivo vangave vachidzidza mutauro munzvimbo yakasikwa pamba.
Kuwanda kwekutsvaga muhurukuro yeboka kuchadiwa mwana wako sei? Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakawana kuti masangano gumi nemaviri masvondo mashanu-maawa matanhatu chete emutauro wekutaura-kunze kwevamwe vana vaida kutanga kutanga kugadzirisa mazano ehurokure pasi kuti vadzidze mutauro wechipiri. (Hongu, ubongo hwemucheche hunoshamisa.) Apo panoita seine hukama hukuru pakati pekugara kwevanhu uye mutauro, saka vana vanofarira kudzidza munharaunda yemagariro evanhu.
Vadzidzisi vari muchidzidzo ichi vakashandisa kutaura kwecheche-inotungamirirwa, iyo "mubereki" asingatauri iyo vabereki nevanotarisira vanowanzoshandisa kana vachitaurirana nechecheche vane shanduro iri nyore, izwi rakakwirira, uye mazwi marefu akareba. Iyi nzira yekutaura necheche chaiye inobatsira ubongo hwavo kudzidza mutauro uri nani. Ucheche hwevheche hunowanzotarisa pamisero pakutanga, saka kukwirira kwakanyanya uye kuwedzererwa, kunonoka kunzwika kunoita kuti zvive nyore kwavari kuti vadzidze matinhi iwayo kutanga, ayo anobva ashandurwa mumashoko.
Kune vana vakwegura, vane makore 7 uye kusvika 33.5, kuongorora kweMadrid kwakawana kuti maawa 1 ezuva nezuva kutamba mumasangano evanhu pamwe nevadzidzisi veChirungu vhiki gumi nemasere zvakaita kuti "kuve neiko kunowanikwa mune mutauro kunzwisisa kwekunze nekugadzirwa." Zvichida zvinonyanya kukosha, vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora zvakare vana 18 vhiki mushure mokunge vapedza zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa uye mushure mekunge vasati vava nemumwe mukana weChirungu uye vakaona kuti ubongo hwavo hwakakwanisa kuchengetedza zivo, mazwi matsva, uye manzwiro avakanga vaine vakadzidza. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti kusununguka kwepakutanga mumamiriro ekugadzirisa-mutevedzeri nemudzidzisi kwakabatsira kusimbisa kukwanisa kweuropi kuchengetedza mutauro zvakare.
Muchidimbu, zvose zvaitora kwaiva imwe awa pazuva recheche achitamba nemumwe munhu akataura mutauro wakasiyana-siyana kuti adzidze.
Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya
Kudzidzisa mwana wako mutauro wechipiri kunogona kumubatsira nenzira dzakawanda. Kwete chete iwe uchaisa mwana wako kuti abudirire gare gare muupenyu hune unyanzvi hwokuva nerurimi rwechipiri, chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kufarira muhupfumi hwenyika yose uye chinogona kuisa basa mubasa rakasiyana, asi kuva kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana nenzira iyo uropi hwomwana wako hunoitawo .
Kana uchikwanisa, zvakanakisisa kuzarura mwana wako kumitauro miviri sezvaunogona pakuita mucheche, sehucheche hwevana hunotanga kutarisa kune rumwe rudzi rwemutauro nezera rimwe chete. Zvisinei, ubongo hwevana huchiri kukwanisa kudzidza nekuchengetedza mutauro zviri nani nezera remakore mashanu. Vose vana vanobatsirwa nekuwedzera kwehuropi kana vakagadziriswa mumitauro miviri, saka musatya kukurudzira mwana wenyu kudzidza mutauro wechipiri pasinei nezera repi. Vacheche vanodzidza zvakanakisa kuburikidza nokutamba, uye chidzidzo cheboka kana mudzidzisi nemunhu chaiye inzira yakanakisisa yekudzidzisa mwana wako kudzidza mutauro wechipiri kana iwe usingatauri mutauro wechipiri iwe pachako.
Sources:
Ferjan Ramirez, N. naKuhl, P. (2017), Bilingual Baby: Kupindira Mutauro Wemamwe Marudzi muMadrid's Infant Education Centers. Pfungwa, Ubongo, uye Dzidzo, 11: 133-143. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mbe.12144/full
Sangano reAmerican Speech-Mutauro-Kunzwa. (2017). Zvakanakira kuva mhando mbiri. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/The-Advantages-of-Being-Bilingual/