Munyika yakakwana, vechidiki vangataura nevabereki vavo nezvekuita kwavo zvepabonde. Vangauya nevabereki vavo nemibvunzo pamusoro pehutano hwavo hwekubereka kana kutora hurukuro dzechokwadi pamusoro pezvirongwa zvavo zvekuita zvepabonde. Uyewo, vabereki vanogona kupa dzidzo pamusoro pokuchengetedza utano hwepabonde uye zvepabonde.
Zvinosuruvarisa, zvizhinji zvekukurukurirana izvo hazvitomboitiki.
Pasinei nekutya kwevechiri kuyaruka vabereki vake vachanyadziswa pane zvisarudzo zvake kana kuti anyara kuunza mibvunzo pamusoro pepabonde, vazhinji vechidiki havafungi kuenda kune vabereki vavo.
Asi vechidiki vazhinji vanonzwa vakasununguka vachitaura kuvanachiremba pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvepabonde uye kuzvidzora. Kushamiswa kwevamwe vabereki, wechidiki anogona kuongororwa kuti ave nepamuviri kana kurapwa nekuda kwechirwere chepabonde pasina kubvumirwa kwevabereki.
Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yezvematongerwo enyika yakasiyana pazvinhu izvi, mwana wenyu ane makore ane kodzero yekuchengetedza zvakavanzika nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwepabonde. Asi vabereki vakawanda havazivi chaizvo kuti zvinorevei. Vanoshamisika zvinhu zvakafanana:
- Ko mwana wangu anogona kubvisa pamuviri ndisingazivi here?
- Kana chiremba achidzidza mwana wangu ari kuyaruka ane chirwere chepabonde, chiremba angandiudza here?
- Kana mwanasikana wangu akava nepamuviri, ndinogona here kumutsigira kuti akapa mwana kuberekwa?
- Ko chiremba angapa mwanasikana wangu mushonga weHIVV kunyange kana ini ndisingadi kuti ave nayo?
Kodzero Dzomwana Wako Wekuita Kuvanzika Kubudirira Utano
Kuvanzika pakati pechiremba uye murwere-kunyange kana murwere uyo ari muduku-zvinokosha kuti utano hwakanaka. Vechidiki vakawanda havadi kutendeseka navanachiremba kana vakafunga kuti hutano hwavo hunobudiswa kuvabereki vavo.
Uyezve, vazhinji vechidiki havangatsvaki kubata pamuviri kana kurapwa kwezvirwere zvepabonde kana vabereki vavo vachizobatanidzwa mukugadzwa.
Mune imwe nzvimbo yekuongororwa kwevechiri kuyaruka, 20% chete yevechiri kuyaruka vakati vachataura nachiremba nezvekudzivirira kuberekwa, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, uye zvirwere zvepabonde kana chiremba aifanira kutaurira iyo mashoko kuvabereki vavo.
Utano hwakavanzika hwepabonde nekubereka hutano hwevechiri kuyaruka hahurevi kuchengetedza vabereki murima. Izvozvi, zvakadaro, zvaireva kupa vechidiki kuwana rubatsiro rwehutano hwakakosha. Pasina iyo, zvirwere zvakawanda zvepabonde zvinogona kuendeswa zvisina kutenderwa uye vechidiki vazhinji vanogona kunge vasina kukwanisa kuzvidzora.
Kuvanzika kunowedzera kupfuura utano hwekuberekera vana. Vechidiki vanewo kodzero yekutarisira hutano hwepfungwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka.
Mune dzimwe nyika, vanachiremba vanogona kutora matanho makuru ekuratidza zvido zvepabonde zviduku zvepabonde. Mune dzimwe nyika, vanachiremba vane rusununguko rwakawanda mukusarudza kana ringave rune ruzivo rwemudiki kumubereki kuti azive.
Kubata pamuviri uye Kuronga Mhuri
Kubata pamuviri kwevechiri kuyaruka kwave kuri kuderera muUnited States kwemakumi maviri emakore apfuura uye nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekuwana kuberekwa kwekuzvarwa. Kwemakore makumi matatu apfuura, nyika dzakatowedzera huwandu hwevana vaduku kuwana ruzivo rwekubata pamuviri pasina kubvumirwa kwevabereki.
Parizvino, 21 dzinotaura uye District of Columbia inobvumira kuti vana vabvumire kubata mishonga. Vabereki havadi kutaurirwa kana mwana muduku achipiwa kuberekwa.
Vamwe vanoti chete vanobvumira vana kubvumirana mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai se:
- Kana chiremba achisarudza mwana muduku aizotarisana nehutano hwehutano mukushayikwa kwemabasa ekudzivirira kubata pamuviri
- Kana mwana muduku ane pamuviri kana kuti akave ane pamuviri
- Kana mwana muduku apedza kudzidza chikoro chesekondari kana kusvika kune imwe nguva yepakati
- Kana mwana muduku achiratidza "kukura"
- Kana nyanzvi, yakadai seimwe chiremba kana nhengo yevafundisi, inoreva zviduku kune mabasa
Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji, vechidiki vanogona kuwana mapiritsi ekudzivirira kuberekwa, makondomu, kubata pamuviri nokukurumidza, uye dzimwe mishonga yekudzivirira pasina ruzivo rwevabereki vavo.
HPV Vaccine
Dzimwe mhando dzepillomavirus dzevanhu dzinopararira pabonde. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe maitiro eHIVV anogona kutungamirira kumukondombera wechibereki, vamwe vanogona kutungamirira kumagetsi emagetsi. Mamwe matambudziko anoita seasina matambudziko zvachose.
Ivhavha yeHIVV inodzivirira maitiro eHIVV anokonzera maitiro akawanda emukenza wechibereki nemarita emudzimai. IAmerican Academy of Pediatrics neAmerican Academy of Family Physicians vanokurudzira kuti vakomana nevanasikana vose vawane chirwere cheHIVV pazera remakore gumi nemana kana gumi nemaviri.
Vabereki vakawanda, zvisinei, vane hanya nezvechirwere uye havadi kuti mwana wavo ave nazvo. Asi mune dzimwe nguva, vana vaduku vanoda chirwere, kunyange vabereki vavo vari kupikisa.
Mune dzimwe nyika, vaduku vanogona kugona kuwana chirwere ichi, zvisinei nokuti vabereki vavo vanopikisa. Mune dzimwe nyika, zvisinei, vabereki vanofanira kubvumirana musati mutezo unogona kupiwa.
Kuberekwa Kuedzwa nekupa mazano
Vechidiki vanogona kutenga pamusoro pe-the-pregnancy test tests muchitoro pasina ruzivo rwevabereki. Vanogonawo kutsvaga kubata pamuviri nekuongororwa kubva kunechiremba pasina kubvumirwa komubereki.
Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akawanda, chiremba haazokuratidze kuti mwana wako akatora chirwere chepamuviri. Pane kudaro, chiremba anotaura nemwana wako nezvemikana yake uye amuratidze nezvekodzero dzake munharaunda yako.
Kuchengetwa kwepabonde
Makumi makumi matatu nemaviri anotaura uye District of Columbia vane mitemo inotaura zvakajeka kuti vana vanogona kubvuma kutarisirwa kusununguka. Dzimwe hurumende dzinobvumira chiremba kuti ape rubatsiro rwepabonde asi abvumira chiremba kuti ataurire vabereki kana ari mudiki.
Kuongororwa nekurapwa kwezvirwere zvepabonde
Zvose zvinotendera vana vaduku kubvuma kuedza uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvepabonde. Saka mumwe mudiki anofungira kuti angave ane chirwere chepabonde anogona kukumbira chiremba wake kuti aongorore uye aedzwe. Zvadaro, angave akarayirwa mishonga kana kuti aite nzira yekurapa utachiona.
Mune gumi nemasere enyika inobvumira chiremba kuti azivise mubereki kana ari mukanakisisa wevechiri kuyaruka. Asi, izvi hazvirevi kuti chiremba anofanirwa kutaura nevabereki.
Nyika dzakawanda dzine mitemo yakasiyana yakabatisa kuongororwa kweHIV uye kurapwa. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nzvimbo dzichibvumira vaduku kubvuma kurapwa, imwe inotumira mvumo kuti chiremba anofanira kutaurira mubereki kana miedzo maduku yakanaka.
Kubvisa pamuviri
Pasinei nekuderera kwevechiri kuyaruka vachizvara, vasikana vanosvika 250 000 vanenge vachiri kuyaruka vari kutora pamuviri gore negore. Dzidzo dzinofungidzira kuti 75 muzana yevaya vane pamuviri havakwanisi.
Pavanenge vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika kune makumi masere negumi nemana muna 2011, vanenge 60 muzana yekuzvimba vakaguma mukuzvarwa. Vanenge 26 muzana yevechiri kuyaruka vakabvisa pamuviri.
Kubvisa pamuviri mitemo kune vana vanosiyana kubva munyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Connecticut, Maine, uye Chirongwa cheColumbia vanobvumira vaduku kubvuma kubvisa pamuviri pasina vabereki.
Twenty-one states inoda kuti mubereki umwe abvume kubvisa pamuviri. Asi, 12 inotaura inoda kuti mubereki mumwe chete aziviswa nezvekubvisa pamuviri, asi mubereki uyu haafaniri kupa mvumo.
Mamwe magwaro anoda kuti munhu mukuru akupe mvumo, asi munhu mukuru haafaniri kuva mubereki. Sekuru kana vanasekuru, somuenzaniso, vanogona kupa mvumo.
Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vaduku kudarika vabereki kuburikidza nekuwana mvumo yematare. Mutongi anogona kupa mhosva mwana muduku kuti asazivise mubereki mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kufanana kana mubereki asingamboiti basa rinoita muupenyu hwevechiri kuyaruka kana apo kune uchapupu hwekushungurudzwa.
Adoption
Kazhinji nyika inobvumira mucheche kuti aise mwana kuberekwa asi pasina mvumo kubva kuvabereki vavo. Gumi gumi dzinoda kuti munhu mukuru ave nekubatanidzwa mukugadziriswa kwekugashira.
Zvine zvinyorwa zvinoda vabereki vechiri kuyaruka vabvumirane vasati vangaisa mwana kumwana. Pennsylvania inoda vabereki kuti vazive, asi havadi kuti vawane mvumo.
Dzimwe nyika dzinoda vana vaduku vave nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakore vasati vabvumirwa kupa mvumo. Mamwe magwaro anobvumira kubvumirwa kwevabereki kuregererwa kana mwana muduku "akakwana zvakakura uye akaudzwa zvakanaka."
Pakupedzisira, mashomanana anopa hurumende inopa mutemo wepamutemo wakagadzwa nemutemo kuti umiririre wechidiki mudare. Mutemo wezvemitemo unobatsira nekugamuchirwa kwekutongwa.
Mvumo yekurapa kwechicheche
Kana mukomana ane makore gumi nemana ane mwana, uye mwana anoda chirwere, chirwere chemakore gumi nematanhatu chingabvumira here? Mune dzimwe nyika, mhinduro ndiyo hongu.
Munenge mamiriro ose enyika anotendera mwana muduku ari mubereki kubvumirana nehutano hwemwana. Asi, kwete yose inobvumira mwana muduku kubvumirana nekuvhiyiwa.
Mandated Reporting
Vanachiremba vanorayirwa vatori venhau kushungurudzwa nekuregererwa. Saka mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, chiremba angadaidzwa nemutemo kuti ataure mashoko kune mamwe mabasa ekuchengetedza vana.
Kana mukomana ane makore 14 achiratidza kuti ane zvepabonde nemurume ane makore 35, somuenzaniso, chiremba angada kuudza vakuru vakuru kuti ari kushungurudzwa zvepabonde. Chiremba anogonawo kuudza vabereki kana wechidiki ave achiitirwa zvepabonde.
Nzira dzamunogona Kuziva Nenzira Dzekuita Nehutano Hwenyu hwemwana
Zvechokwadi, nekuda kwekuti mwana wako haana kukuudza iwe-uye chiremba haazvizarurire-hazvirevi kuti haugoni kuwana. Kana mwana wenyu ari kuyaruka anoshandisa inshuwarhu yako yehutano, iwe unogona kuwana tsanangudzo yekubatsira mune tsamba. Asi, mwana wenyu ari kuyaruka anogonawo kumubvunza chiremba kuti asabhadhara inshuwarisi yako.
Makiriniki akawanda anopa mahara uye asingakwanisi kubhadhara vechidiki. Saka, mwana wako ari kuyaruka anogona kukwanisa kubhadhara kurapwa kwake oga, kana kuti angasafanira kubhadhara chero zvachose.
Iwewo unogona kugamuchira chiyeuchidzo chokuti mwana wako ari kuyaruka ane chirongwa chechiremba pafoni yako kana mwana wenyu achiri kuyaruka asingabvunzi hofisi kuti asafonera. Kana, iwe unogona kuitika kuti uone mharidzo yemashoko kubva kumaprozimisi yeuchiyeuchidza mwana wako kuti atore mishonga yake.
Kurudzira Mwana Wako Kuuya kwauri
Hapana mubereki anoda kusara murima pamusoro pehutano hwemwana wavo. Kuita hurukuro dzakasununguka uye dzakatendeseka pamusoro pepabonde nemwana wako wekuyaruka chinhu chinokosha kukurudzira mwana wako kuti auye kwauri.
Zvakakoshawo kuti mwana wako ataure nechiremba ari oga. Kana iwe ukashanyira kugadzwa kwevechiri kuyaruka, ita kuti uzvireverere kwemaminetsi mashomanana kuitira kuti mwana wenyu anokwanisa kubvunza mibvunzo kana kuzarura ruzivo kuti angave asinganzwi wakasununguka kutaura nezvako.
> Sources
> Guttmacher Institute: An Overview Kubvisa pamuviri Mitemo
> Guttmacher Institute: An Overview ye Minors 'Consent Law
> HealthyChildren.org: Ruzivo rwevechiri kuyaruka: Zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro peKuzvimirira
> New York Civil Liberties Union: Kadhi Rekufuratira: Kodzero dzeMwana Kuvanzika Kuvanzika Nehutano Hwepabonde muNew York
> Office of Adolescent Health: Trends in Teen Pregnancy and Childbearing