Ndeipi chinhu chokutanga chinouya mupfungwa dzako kana mumwe munhu akabvunza, "Mwana wenyu ari kuita sei nekuyamwisa?" Kana iwe wakafanana nevakadzi vazhinji, mhinduro yako inonyanya kukoshesa mukaka wakawanda uye iwe unowanzoita sei pachipfuva. Hapana munhu ari kutaura pamusoro pemuromo wemucheche, musoro, uye mutsi yematomy, asi ndiyo iyo nzira yose yekudya inotanga.
Basa remunharaunda ino yemuviri wemwana rinogona kuita kana kuputsa hupenyu hwose hwekudya. Vatambi vakuru ndivo:
- Nasal cavity : Iyi ndiyo nzira huru yemhepo, inobatsira mukuchenesa uye kuinyorovesa isati yapinda mumapapu. Pamberi, nzvimbo ino yakakomberedzwa ne-cartilaginous (aine simba, elastic tishu) chikamu chemhino. Pasi pemhuno, iyo yakaoma marate inopa muganhu wakasimba pakati pemakumbo uye mumuromo.
- Mhemberero dzemumuromo : Izvi zvine basa rinokosha pakugadzirwa kwezvokudya. Inoparadzaniswa nedenga uye pasi pasi pemuromo, miromo, uye madama.
- Pharynx : Basa rinokosha kupfuura mamwe ose rinomedza uye richizvichengetedza, iro rinokosha pakufema.
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Esophagus
Nhengo Dzakashata Dzinogona Kutarisana Nekuberekwa
- Cleft palate kana muromo : Kune mhando mitatu yakasiyana yemapanga - lip, marate, kana marate uye miromo. Iyo yekudya dambudziko inobva kumucheche kusakwanisa kugadzirisa muromo wekuvhara muromo kuti uite zvinodiwa.
- Muchidimbu frenulum : Inonziwo "rurimi-tie" kana kuti "rurimi rwfupi."
- Mutsara kana kuti rurimi rwakarambidzwa : Chiratidzo chekutaura ndechekuti matama emwana ari kudonhedzwa kana kuti anonyoresa paanenge achiyamwisa. Dzimwe nzira dzokuvandudza mamiriro acho ezvinhu dzinosanganisira kuve nechokwadi chokuti musoro wemwana uye mutsipa zvakanyatsoenderana; uchiita maitiro apo iwe unorwadza uye unoshandisa kushandurirwa kune rurimi kubva pamucheto kusvika kumashure; kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi kwekiko chinodzivirira, ruzivo rwakasimbiswa silicone mbiru yakapfeka pamusoro pembongoro yaamai kuti idye.
- Micrognathia : Ichi chiduku chiduku kana "chakasimudzwa". Kune kunze kwemuviri, chidimbu chinotaridzika chakavharidzirwa. Mumuromo, rurimi rwakarongedzerwa zvakare muchirevo chemukati. Inowanzowirirana neE wide-shaped cleft palate naPeter-Robin zvinoratidzirwa. Nejaya shoma kana rakasara, rurimi harungagoni kuuya mberi rwakakwana kuti rwuve rwakanaka pasi pemukomana. Pamusoro pezvo, rushaya rwezasi rungasave rwakanyatsokonzerwa kukonzera mazaola ekubudisa mukaka ejection. Imwe nzira inogona kubatsira inonyatsodhonza mberi pasi pejaya.
Sucking Problems
- Kurara mwana : Zvishomanana zvikonzero zvinogona kuitika izvi ndezvekurapa; mwana angangoderedzwa; kana mukaka wako ungave "uchiuya." Kunyangwe zvichikosha kuti uone kuti sei mwana wako ari kurara, zvakakosha zvakakosha kushanda pakutsvaga nzira .
- Inonyoro inwisa : Kazhinji, chifuva chinobuda nguva dzose mumuromo wemwana, kunyanya apo amai vanochinja kunyange zvishoma. Uyezve, mukaka unobuda mumuromo wemwana paanenge achiyamwisa. Kusava nesimba kwose kunogona kuva chinhu chinokonzera, kana mwana angave ane zvinetso zvekupemesa kana kutsungirira. Zvose zviri kubatsira mwana kuti ave nekuyamwa kwakasimba uye kuwedzerwa kuyerera kwemukaka ndizvo zvinoita kuti uchinje uswa hwakasimba. Kunze kubva pakuona kuti chikwata checheche uye kuisa mhuka kwakarurama, gama uye rutsigiro rutsva zvakakosha.
- Kutanga kuipa kwekuyamwisa : Panogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakawanda zvakajeka zveizvi - vasati vasvika, jaundiced, kana vana vane chirwere chetsvina-vane chirwere chepfungwa vanogona kuoma. Kazhinji, mwana acharatidza huwandu hwakawanda hwemhepo. Pasinei nokuti chii chiripo, zvakakosha kuti pasi pezvinetso zvinogamuchirwa. Kugadzirisa zvakanyanya rooting kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekupa mutsigiri wemuviri zvakasimba uye kutungamirira musoro kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvakanaka. Zvakakoshawo kubatsira mwana nekuvharwa mumuromo nekusimbiswa kwemashaya.
- Kuchengetedza, kupindira kana kugadzirisa mhinduro : Iva nechokwadi chokuti mwana anonyatsotsigirwa sezvo izvi zvinowanzobva pamusana mutema. Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa dzinosanganisira "mutambo wemuromo," kana kuti kupa mwana zvakawanda zvakataurwa mumuromo (kudya, kugunzva) kuwedzera ruzivo rwezvingaitwa nomuromo. Kukurudzirwa pamusoro pechiso kunobatsirawo kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.
- Kuwedzereka kwemirimi-kukwirira kwechidimbu : Chidimbu chemirimi chinomutsirwa kurwisana nehutu hwakaoma, chiri shure kwemukati wemuromo umo zvigaro zvemeno zvinofanira kuva. Munyaya iyi, kuisa mukaka mumuromo kunonetsa.
- Rurimi runoratidzirwa kana kukwezva : Chimwe chirapa chinosanganisira kushanda nesimba, kuderera pasi kune rurimi kuti rutsve pasi uye kunze. Imwe nzira ndeyekufamba neminwe yako shure nerurimi kuti uwane chinangwa chimwe chete.
- Kusina kwekugadzirisa mukati merimi : Nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa ndiyo "kupiwa kwekugamuchira," kana kudzidzisa zvinogamuchirwa mumatauri mumutauro kuti zvipindure kune chinokurudzira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa dambudziko rekunonoka pakati pomutauro weurimi uye zvishoma nezvishoma. Imwe yakasimba, yakarurama inogona kubatsira zvakare, saka nhovo yengwe ingakurudzirwa.
- Kuwedzeredza kwejaya excursion : Vana vacharatidza kusagadziriswa kunwisa pazamu ne kurasikirwa kwekutsvaira uye kudiwa kudzokorora "relatch." Kuti ubatsire mamiriro acho ezvinhu, zvakakosha kuti kuisa nzvimbo yakarurama uye kuti amai vanopa rushaya rwechicheche uye rutsika rutsigiro.
- Kuvhara muromo usina kukwana : Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi, asi zvinowanzoenderana nehutano hwemucheche kana mhundo inopenya. Dzimwe nzira dzinobatsira mamiriro acho angave: kuchinja mamiriro emwana; kutanga rooting reflex; achibatsira kushamisa muromo; kudzivirira mhundo kuvhara.
- Gags : Nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa ndeyokusaziva.
- Kutsika kwepamusoro kana kukwirira kwepamusoro : Vana vanorondedzerwa se "zvakaoma kubata" kana kuti "vanobva kumama."
Vana Vasati Vachitanga uye Matambudziko Anobatana Anobatana
Kana mwana wako asati apera, iwe unogona kuona kuti ane musanganiswa wezvinhu zvinomwisa. Zvinowanzoitika ndezvi:
- Kusasarudzwa kana kusakwanisa kutevedza maitiro
- Yakaneta muromo chisimbiso
- Mutauro wakaremara kuumbwa kana kufamba
- Kurara kwakadzikama kwemukati cheekisi
- Dambudziko rinokwirirana neanomwa uye rinomedza nekufema
- Urombo hwakakosha kumutsa uye kuramba wakangwarira pazamu
- Low control of posture
- Kusvibiswa
Chimwe chinowanzoonekwa kusangana kwevana mucheche isati yasvika ndiyo Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Izvi zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pakudya pamwe chete. Vacheche vane RDS vane chinetso chokuwirirana nekuyamwisa kwavo, kumedza, nekufema. Havagone kutarisana nekudya kwenguva refu uye kuneta nyore nyore. Somugumisiro, mwana wacho haana kudya kwakakwana kwezvokudya.
Sources:
Arvedson JC naBrdsky L. Pediatric vachimedza nekudyisa: Kuongorora uye kutungamira. San Diego: Imwe. 2002.
Cherney LR. Kurapa kwekliniki ye dysphagia kune vanhu vakuru nevana. 2nd edition. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. 1994.
Wolf L uye Glass R. Kudya nekugadzirisa matambudziko mucheche: Kuongorora uye kutungamira. Tucson, AZ: Kurapa Skill Builders. 1992.