Pane Chinhu Chimwe Chete "Mutezo weMozambique?"
Vabereki vakawanda vakanzwa izwi rokuti "Mozart Effect." Inoreva pfungwa yokuti kungoteerera mimhanzi yekare kunogona kusimbisa huchenjeri, kunyanya mucheche. Kutenda kwakaparidzirwa nekudzidza muna 1993 kwakatungamirirwa naFrances Rauscher, Ph.D., umo vatsvakurudzi vakaidza mwanakomana weMozora piano kuboka duku revadzidzi vekukoloni ndokubva avabvunza kuti vapedzise kuongorora kwepakati.
Vakabva vafananidza mitsara iyi nematambudziko akawanda ekufungidzira akatorwa mushure mokuteerera maminitsi gumi ehurukuro yekuzorodza kana kunyarara uye akawana kuti boka rakaratidzwa kuna Mozart rakagadziriswa zvakakosha, kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kwekunzwisisa kwacho kwakapedza anenge gumi nemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.
Kubva pakutsvaga kwakanyanyisa, vhidhiyo, vabereki, uye kunyange veparamende vakaita kuti kusvetuka kunongomhanya mimhanzi kuvana nevana uye vanhu vakuru vakaita kuti vave vakangwara (chimwe chinhu icho Dr Rauscher neshamwari dzake dzisina kumbotaura). Mabhuku, maCD, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemwana nemwana zvinokonzera zvinonzi "Mozart effect" zvakave zvakakurumbira. Kubva panguva iyo, zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaongorora pfungwa yokuti kungoita mitambo yechikoro kuvana kunogona kuita kuti vave vakachenjera uye vakawana dzidziso iyi isingabviri uye isingabatsirwi nehupi humwe uchapupu huripo. Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira mapepa aDecember 2013 nevatsvakurudzi veHarvard University, vakaona kuti mimhanzi haisimudzi mano ekuziva kwevana.
Nyaya chaiye yekusangana pakati pemimhanzi nekudzidza yakanyanyisa kudarika "Mozart inokuita kuti uve wakachenjera": Nepo pane zvisingaoneki sehukama hwakananga pakati pekuteerera kana kudzidza chidzidzo chechikoro uye kuwedzera kwehuchenjeri, tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti kune huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvakajeka pakudzidza kutamba mimhanzi.
Mimhanzi nekudzidza: Real Story
Zviri nyore kuona kuti sei vabereki vakawanda vachida kubhadhara iwo ose emimhanzi maCD, mabhuku, uye mavhidhiyo ari kutsigira zvakanakira "Mozart Effect" - chaive chivimbiso chekuziva nezvekubatsira kwevana vavo vasingashandisi uye pasina dambudziko. Asi iye zvino zvatinoziva kuti haisi kuenzanisa kwakadaro seku "kuteerera Mozart = kuwedzera huchenjeri," zvakakosha kuziva kuti kutsvakurudza kwakasimba kuri kuratidza kuti pane kuwirirana pakati pemimhanzi nekudzidza - hazvisi izvo zvataifunga. Kuisa parutivi kwechinguva chokwadi chokuti hakuna umwechete "njere" mumunhu anogona kuyerwa neyekutanga IQ test (Ikozvino yava kuzivikanwa kuti tine "mazano mazhinji," kusanganisira mamhanzi ekuchenjera), zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti hazvisi kuti passively kuteerera mitambo yechikoro inokuita kuti uve nemhare; ndiko kuti mimhanzi inodzidza inozarura masuo kune dzimwe dzidzo uye inosimbisa unyanzvi vana vachashandisa hupenyu hwavo hwose kuchikoro uye mberi. Imwe nzira dzakawanda mimhanzi inogona kuita kuti vana vave nekudzidza uye kubudirira kwehuwandu:
- Inokurudzira chirango (Vanoita nezviridzwa zvavo, dzidza kugadzirira zvidzidzo uye maitiro, uye tevera zvirongwa.)
- Anovaka kuzvidzora
- Inokurudzira kunyanya
- Inovandudza kubatana
- Inowedzera chiyeuchidzo
- Inobatsira vana 'brain' shanduro mutauro
- Inovandudza unyanzvi hwokuverenga
- Inowedzera mazwi
- Inoparadzanisa kufara (Kuita nekuteerera mimhanzi kunogona kunakidza.)
- Inokurudzira rudo rwekudzidza
- Anopa vana nzira yekuratidza zvisikwa
- Inopa vana hurumende inobatsira (Ndiyo nzira yakanaka yekubatana nevamwe vaimbi uye kutamba pamwechete uye kunakidzwa nemimhanzi pamwechete.)
Muvana vaduku, mimhanzi inoita seinoita basa rinonyanya kukosha mukusimudza mutauro. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti mimhanzi inoratidzika kusimbisa vana 'masimba ezvakanaka kuti vatsanangurire inzwi nemashoko. Mimhanzi, zvikurukuru kudzidza kuverenga uye kutamba mimhanzi, inoratidzika kunge yakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwezvakanaka zvevana, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwekutaura mutauro nekuvandudza unyanzvi hwokuverenga .
Uye kuti mwana anofambisa sei chikamu chekurira-mhanya, nguva, uye timbre-inogona kunge yakanyatsogadzirisa kuti mwana uyu achaverenga zvakadini, maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa naNina Kraus, Ph.D., purofesa weeurobiology uye mutungamiri we Auditory Neuroscience Lab kuNorweswestern. Kubatana pakati pemimhanzi nekudzidza zvakajeka: Kukwanisa kusiyanisa pakati pemisasa yakafanana se "bhegi" uye "gag" inokosha pakutauridzira mutauro uye unyanzvi hwakafanana nekuchengeta rhyth kunobatanidzwa nekugona kuverenga.
Kraus akaratidzawo kuti kushandiswa kwezwi muuropi inzira yehutano uropi. Kusakwanisa kushandura manzwiro, akadai sekukwanisa kusiyanisa nekuteerera inzwi rehukama munzvimbo ine mavara mazhinji, sekudyira kukuru kana sangano, rinogona kuratidzira dambudziko, rakadai sevotism kana kuti kunonoka kwekudzidza. Tsvakurudzo inofananidzirawo kuti vana vanobva mumamiriro ekudzikama evanhu vari pasi vanogona kunge vasina kukanganisa; urombo uye dzidzo yemadzimai yakaratidzwa kuti yakabatanidzwa nekwaniso yemwana yekuita sarudzo.
Tsvakurudzo pa Auditory Neuroscience Lab yakaratidza kuti vanhu vanoita mimhanzi vanogona kunzwa zviri nani mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ruzha kunze kweavo vasina kutamba mimhanzi. Izvo zvinonzwika zvatinosangana nazvo kuti tishandure huro hwedu, maererano nekutsvakurudza nemaitiro chete ekugadzirira kunogona kubatsira muviri kuti uve wakakwana mumuviri, mimhanzi inogona kubatsira ubongo kuti huwane hutano hwakanaka, hunobatanidzwa kune zvakawanda zvidzidzo zvinobatsira. Vatsvakurudzi vanofananidza zvakajeka pakati pemimhanzi nekuita zvekuita: Sezvo kurovedza muviri kwakakosha pakurapa kwemuviri, mimhanzi inobatsira zvikuru mukudhonza huropi kuti uwane hutano hwakanaka. Kudzidzisa mumhanzi muvana kunogona kuita basa rinokosha mukudziridza unyanzvi hunokosha hwevana huchavabatsira kudzidza, zvakadai sokuteerera, kuteerera, kufunga, kuchengeta, nekuverenga.
Nzira Yokuwana Nayo Mimhanzi Muupenyu Hwomwana Wako
Mharidzo yekuyeuka nezvemimhanzi nekudzidza ndeiyi: Vana havafaniri kutarisirwa kuteerera mimhanzi kuti vaite zvakanaka, asi isu tinofanira kuisa pachena kwavari mumhanzi nokuti zvakakonzerwa nehuwandu hwavo hwose. Taurai mwana wenyu kumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemimhanzi, kubva kuMiles Davis kusvika kuna Yo-Yo Ma kuvakori saKopin, Beethoven, Bach, uye hongu, Mozart. Kurudzirai mwana wenyu kuti awane chiridzwa chaanoda uye kuedza kuzvipikisa kuti atambe nayo pamwe chete uye anogona kuburikidza nekuita uye zvidzidzo.
Zvinogona kutora zvishoma kutsvaga kuona izvo mwana wako achida (angave achida cello kana piano, kana kuti angaona kuti iye ari mukuru wehwamanda kana guitarist kana drummer). Kana kuti angasarudza kudzidza zvose pamusoro pekuti vanyori vanoita sei mimhanzi uye kuti nziyo nemitinhimira zvakagadzirwa sei. Tsvaga chimwe chinhu icho mwana wako achida uye anotarisa mudzidzisi. (Kana chikoro chako chisiri kupa zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi, edza kutsvaga mapurogiramu emunharaunda kana kutora mazana emapoka emitambo yemunharaunda.) Edza kuwana mutevedzeri wemimhanzi kana purogiramu inogona kubatsira mwana wako kudzidza nezvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emitambo uye mhando dzemimhanzi kuti aone izvo zvaanogona kufarira nazvo. Uye kupfuura zvose, rega mwana wako afarire mimhanzi nekuda kwekunakidzwa nayo, kwete kukurudzira kudzidza kune chimwe chinangwa.