Maitiro Azvo Anoshandiswa uye Nemhaka Yekuti Havana Kuzvipikisa
Zvirwere zvinokurudzira muviri wako kuti uite hutachiona hunorwisana nechirwere. Vamwe vanoshandisa mavairusi aripo asi vamwe vanoshandisa maitiro asina kumira kana kuurayiwa mavairasi kana mabhakitiriya. Kune dzimwe zvirwere, zvose zveshanduro zviripo uye imwe neimwe inokurudzirwa kune vanhu vakasiyana, vakadai seavo vasingazivikanwi. Iwe unogona kuva nemibvunzo yekuti iwe ungapararira kune chirwere ichi mushure mokuwana chirwere chinorarama nekuda kwekuderera kwemhepo.
Urarame mishonga yakachengeteka, ine zvimwe zvingwarira, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nedambudziko rekuwana chirwere ichi pachako nekuchipararira icho kune vamwe.
Urarame neChirwere chisina kuvharwa
Urarame mishonga ine utachiona kana hwetachiona hwehutachiona kana mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinopesana, "kuurayiwa" kana kusachengetedzwa kwemishonga. Izvozvo zvinogona kutinhira zvinotyisa pakutanga kuti zione kuti chirwere chine utachiona husina simba kana mabhakitiriya, asi izvi zvinoshandurwa kuitira kuti zvirege kukonzera zvirwere-zvichida kune vanhu vane utachiona hwakasimba hwezvirwere, uye vazhinji vevanhu vasina utachiona hwehutano hwakanaka pamwe chete .
Kana mwana (kana munhu mukuru) ane simba rekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri, zvirwere zvirwere hazvipi. Ikoko izvi zvingangodaro zvine dambudziko ndekuteura. Mushure mokunge mawana chirwere, mamwe mavirusi asina simba achafamba nomumumuviri uye anogona kuvapo mumakadziro emumuviri akadai semarara.
Imwe mhando yakakosha yemushonga inogadzirwa nehutachiona husina kumira kana mabhakitiriya (chirwere chakazara) kana zvikamu zvehutachiona kana mabhakitiriya (chikamu chinoputika).
Makomborero neZvibatsiro zveVhidhiyo Vhupenyu
Urarame zvirwere zvinofungidzirwa kuti zviri nani kuenzanisa zvirwere zvepanyama uye zvinowanzopa kudzivirirwa kwoupenyu hwose nechiyero chimwe chete kana zviviri. Mishonga yakawanda inactivated, zvakasiyana, inoda mazana emitambo yepamusoro uye zvinokurudzira (makore gare gare) kuti uwane rudzi rwakadaro rwekuzvidzivirira. Mune dzimwe mhando dzezvirwere zvinorarama, chirwere chechipiri chinopiwa nokuti vamwe vanhu havatauri pamushonga wekutanga, asi izvo hazvitorerwi sehupi.
Urarame Zvirwere
Vana vave vachiwana zvirwere zvemararamiro kwemakore akawanda, uye aya majekiseni anoonekwa kunge akachengeteka kune avo vane utano hwakanaka. Chaizvoizvo, chimwe chezvirwere zvokutanga, chirwere chechibhokisi, chaive chirwere chetachiona. Nokuda kwekupararira kwehutachiona, chiitiko chekupedzisira chechibhokisi chakaitika muna 1977 (pakanga pane nyaya nemhaka yebasa re laboratori muna 1978) uye chirwere chacho chakaziviswa kuti chichaparadzwa panyika yose muna 1979.
Mienzaniso yeVhidhiyo Kurarama
Urarame mishonga inosanganisira:
- MMR: Mishonga yakasanganiswa, masumbu, uye rubella vaccine
- Vavivax: Varicella kana chicken pox vaccine
- Proquad : Kubatanidzwa kweMMR uye Varivax
- RotaTeq uye Rotarix: Rotavirus vachivi
- Flumist: Chirwere chinoputira chirwere (chirwere chinopfungidzirwa chirwere chisina kuvharwa)
- Chirwere chemafivha: Chirwere chetachiona chakachengetedzwa, chinorayirwa kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine ngozi
- Adenovirus vaccine: Mushonga unorarama nehutachiona hunodzivirira kurudzi rwechina uye uwandu 7 adenovirus, unogamuchirwa chete nevashandi vehondo
- Chirwere cheTypidid: Mushonga weTypidid muromo unogadzirwa nehupenyu hunotaridzika hweSalmonella typhi , bhakitiriya inokonzera dhiyabhori fever. Chimwe chisingaitiki, chinokonzerwa nejecha chechirwere chinowanikwawo. Zvimwe chirwere che typhoid chinongopiwa chete kune vanofambira kune nzvimbo dzakakwirira.
- BCG: Mbeu yeCalmette-Guerin chirwere chetachiona hachiwanzoshandiswa muUnited States nokuti inonyanya kudzivirira TB yakawanda, chirwere chisingawanzoitiki muUnited States.
- Chirwere chechibhokisi: Haisi kushandiswa nguva dzose kubvira muna 1972, asi inowanika kubva mumapepa kana ichidiwa
- Chirwere cheporiyo (OPV): Mushonga wokutanga weVV (Sabin vachengeti) waiva mushonga wokurarama uye wakatsiviwa muUnited States nemishonga isina kujekeswa yeporiyo (Salk vaccine.) Tisati tashandisa chirwere chinokonzera chirwere cheporiyo, polio gore roga rega muUnited States ainzwa kunge ari nokuda kwechirwere.
Zvirwere zvehutachiona chete zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa nguva dzose zvinosanganisira MMR, Varivax, Rotavirus, uye Flumist (injectable flu inopfurwa inosarudzwa kune avo vari pangozi yakanyanya).
Urarame Muchizoro Kuchengetedzwa
Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvinorarama zvisingaiti zvirwere kune vanhu vanozviwana nokuti zvakagadzirwa nehutachiona husina simba uye mabhakitiriya, kune nguva dzose kunetseka kuti mumwe munhu ane simba rakaoma romuviri romuviri anogona kurwara pashure pokuwana chirwere chepenyu. Ndosaka zvirwere zvinorarama zvisina kupiwa kuvanhu vari kuwana chemotherapy kana vane HIV yakaoma, pakati pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Kana iwe uchipa kana kuti kwete iwe kupa chirwere chinorarama kune mumwe munhu ane dambudziko nemajoni ezvirwere zvayo anonyanya kunyatsoenderana nemamiriro avo ezvinhu uye chiyero chekudzivirira kwavo muviri. Somuenzaniso, ikozvino yakakurudzirwa kuti vana vane HIV vape zvirwere zveM MMR, Varivax, uye rotavirus, zvichienderana nehuwandu hweCD4 + T-lymphocyte.
Vaccine Shedding uye Live Live Vaccines
Vabereki dzimwe nguva vane hanya pamusoro pekuti vana vavo vane utano vanofanira kuwana zvirwere zvinorarama kana vachizoonekwa kune mumwe munhu ane dambudziko nemasimba avo epamusoro, kunyanya kana vari pedyo nemumwe munhu akanganisa kuvhara muviri.
Nenzira yakanaka, kunze kweVVV nehovepuru, izvo zvisingawanzoshandiswa zvakare, vana vanogara nemumwe munhu ane chirwere chekudzivirira immunologic vanogona uye vanofanirwa kuwana mishonga yakawanda muzvirongwa zvehutachiona hwemwana, zvakadai seMMR, Varivax, nemishonga ye rotavirus. Zvinenge zvisingawanzoitiki kuti mumwe munhu atore chimwe chezvirwere izvi kune mumwe munhu ane chirwere. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mwana asina kusununguka angatora chirwere chepachiviri nemasopi kana chizi chepfu uye kupfuudza kuti kune munhu ane utachiona hwehutano.
Mirayiridzo kubva kuImune Immune Defence Foundation:
Svetedza shamwari dzevarwere vane hutachiona husingagadziriswi havafaniri kugamuchira muromo wemuromo wepillio poliovirus nokuti vanogona kukonzera hutachiona uye vanoporesa murwere ane hutachiona hwakakonzerwa. Vachivharidzirana vanogona kuwana mamwe majekiseni akachengetedzwa nokuti kurasikirwa kwemagetsi hakusviki uye izvi hazviiti kengozi yehutachiona kune imwe nyaya ine kuvhara muviri.
Kunze kwekuti mwana achangosangana nemumwe munhu asingazivikanwi, zvakadai sekuwana shina rekushandiswa kwepini uye kuva munharaunda yakachengetedza, mwana anogona kutowana mhuka inoratidzika yepirus spray vaccine.
Kunetseka mune chimwe chezviitiko izvi ndiko kukonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona, umo mumwe munhu anotapukirwa uye anogona kupedza hutachiwana kune mumwe munhu. Kana iwe uchirwara nehutano, chirwere, chirwere chinotonhora, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvinopararira, hazvisi zvisizvo kuti iwe uzviparidzire kune vamwe vanhu nekuderedza hutachiona kana mabhakitiriya ari kukuita iwe kurwara.
Nechirwere chechokwadi chekudzivirira, sezvinoitwa chirwere cheporiyo chiromo, chirwere chepachivha chinogona kudururwa mushure mekupemerwa kunyange iwe usina kurwara nehutachiona. Nenzira inofadza, apo vamwe vazhinji vanorwara nehutachiona hwehutachiona, havaendi kurwara, sezvavanenge vachirwisana nehutachiona husina simba hwehutachiona. Izvi chaizvoizvo zvaifungidzirwa kuti zvakakosha zvekudzivirira chirwere cheporiyo, zvikuru munharaunda dzine utsvina hwakasvibiswa uye hutsanana sezvazvaizopa hutachiona hwevamwe pachena. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuvhara chirwere kunogona kuva dambudziko kana munhu akazarurirwa ane chirwere chakakomba chemuviri.
Nenzira yakanaka, kuvhara ropa kunowanzova dambudziko nokuti:
- Zvizhinji zvezvirwere hazvisi kurarama uye hazvirevi, kusanganisira DTaP, Tdap, flu shots, Hib, hepatitis A uye B, Prevnar, IPV, uye HPV uye meningococcal vaccines.
- Ikoko chirwere cheporiyo hachina kushandiswa muUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda apo chirwere cheporiya chakaiswa pasi pesimba.
- Mushonga weMMR hauiti kukonzera, kunze kwekuti rubella chikamu chechirwere chingasawanzochera muchipfuva. Sezvo rubella inowanzova utachiona hudiki muvana, unogona kupemerwa kana iwe uchiyamwisa. Izvo zvisingawanzoitiki kuti munhu apiwe chirwere chekudzivirira kune mumwe munhu mushure mekukura masheya nenzira iyi. Kuongorororwa kwakarongeka kwezvokudya zveMMR muna 2016 "zvakasarudza kuti pakanga pasina kumbosimbiswa zviitiko zvevanhu-ku-vanhu kutapurirwa kwechirwere chekuvhara ropa."
- Ikoko chikafu chekudzivirira chirwere hachisi kukonzera kupera kunze kwekuti mwana wako atange kupisa mushure mushure mekunge apora. Zvisinei, njodzi, zvisinei, inofungidzirwa kuti haina kuwanda uye CDC inongoratidzira mishanu maitiro ekutumira varicella vaccine HIV mushure mekudzivirira kunosanganisira kuwedzera mamiriyoni mashanu emitambo yejozi.
- Irotavirus chirwere chinokonzera kukonzerwa muchitsiga uye chinogona kudziviswa nehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano, hwakadai sekugeza zvakanaka maoko. Munhu asingazivikanwi anofanirwa kunzvenga haafaniri kushandura mapepa kwevanenge vhiki imwe mushure mokunge mwana atora chirwere che rotavirus.
- Kudengenyeka kwehupenyu huri kurarama, hutachiona hwemaperembudzi hauna kuitika kana kuongororwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira vanhu vane utachiona hweHIV, vana vachiwana chemotherapy, uye vanhu vasingazivikanwi muzvirongwa zvehutano.
Uye zvechokwadi, vana vanoderedza mavairusi uye vanopararira chaizvo kana vasina kupemerwa uye nenzira chaiyo kukura chimwe chezvirwere izvi zvinodzivirirwa .
Zvamunoda Kuziva Nezvokurarama Muchibereko
Kune zvishoma zvingwarira zvokufungisisa nemishonga inorarama:
- Mishonga yakawanda inorarama-virusi inogona kupiwa panguva imwe chete, asi kana isiri iwe unofanira kumirira kwemavhiki masere usati wawana imwe chirwere chevirusi-hupenyu kuitira kuti irege kupindirana.
- Zvinowanzokurudzirwa kuti vana vangave vari kuwana chimiro chakasimba chekugadziriswa kunoruramiswa pamararamiro avo anorarama nehutachiona kwemavhiki masere vasati vatumirwa.
- Mukuwedzera kune vana kuwana chemotherapy, vana vari kuwana steroid zuva nezuva kwemazuva 14 kana kupfuura vanofanira kunonoka kuwana zvirwere zvehupenyu kwemwedzi mitatu. Panzvimbo pokuva pangozi yehutachiona, izvi zvinowanzoitwa nokuti chirwere hachizoshandi kana munhu ari pane steroid.
- Urarame zvirwere zvinonzi zvichishandiswa kukudzivirira kurwisana neWest Nile, kuporesa syncytial virus (RSV,) Parainfluenza virus, Herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV,) uye Dengue virus (breakbone fever.)
- ICDC inotaura kuti chirwere chinonzi yellow fever chinofanira kudziviswa kana iwe uchiyamwisa, asi "apo vana vanoyamwisa havagoni kudzivisa kana kudzoka kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine njodzi ye yellow fever iyo inowanikwa pangozi yepamusoro, vakadzi ava vanofanirwa kupirwe." Izvo zvinotevera zvinotevera zvitatu zve yellow fever vaccine-inosanganiswa neurologic zvirwere muvana vakaberekwa bedzi vevana vachirwere.
- Chirwere chekudzivirira hachikonzeri kuputika-kazhinji kacho kunopesana nemishonga inhema .
Pasi Payo Pamusoro Pemiviri Yezvirwere
Zvizhinji zvehutachiona hwehutachiona huripo hunoshandiswa nguva dzose hune chinetso chiduku kumwana uye pangozi shoma yekuderedza chirwere ichi chinogona kutungamirira kune zvirwere kune vamwe vanogona kunge vasina kugadziriswa. Vanhu vangangodaro vachinzwa nezvehutano husingawaniki hwekuita chirwere cheporiyo ( chirwere-chinokonzerwa nemuviri wepachirwere chirwere ) kubva mumuviri wemuromo weporiyo, asi chirwere chacho hachina kupiwa muUnited States. Kune zvishoma zvingwarira zvokufungisisa, zvakadai sekugadzika kwe stem cell cell transplant.
Chii chinokonzera njodzi yakawanda iyo nzira iyo yakapoteredza ndeye apo avo vasina kuponerwa vanovaka zvirwere izvi chaiye. Kana uchinetseka pamusoro pemwana wako kuwana chirwere chinorarama, kunyanya kana mwana wako kana mumwe munhu ari pamba ane dambudziko nemajoni ezvirwere, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nevana vako.
> Sources
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