Vabereki nevana, kunyanya gumi nevaviri nevechiri kuyaruka, vanowanzozvidya mwoyo pavanoona kuti vakaderera kupfuura vakawanda vezera ravo uye vaunodzidza navo vezera rimwe chete.
Kunyange zvazvo kune hutano hwakawanda hunoita kuti vana vave nefupi kwenguva refu, vana vakawanda avo vfupi vashoma.
Iyi inguva imwechete apo vana vanogona kupa mhosva vabereki vavo, kana zvimwe mazamu avo, pane chimwe chinhu.
Vazhinji vana vaduku nokuti vane vabereki vashoma. Genetics inobata basa rakakura mumunhu akareba sei.
Height Predictors
Vabereki vanowanzobvunza kana chiremba wavo anogona kuziva kuti kureba kwevana vavo kuchave kupi. Kunyange zvazvo chiremba wevana vako asina kristin bhora kuti aone kuti vana vako vachareba zvakadini pavanokura, kune fomu iri nyore inoshandisa nzvimbo dzakakura dzevabereki kuti dzivabatsire kuenzanisa chinangwa chevana kana urefu hwemagetsi ekukura. Pakati pese, iwe unoshambadza zvikomo zvemubereki wekuberekwa pamwe chete uye wobva wawedzera 2 1/2 inches kana mwana ari mukomana, kana kubvisa 2 1/2 inches kumusikana. Iwe unogonawo kushandisa shanduro yepamusoro yekugadzirira kuita zviyero kwauri.
Kuenzanisira kuti chinangwa chemwana chakakosha zvakakosha sei, nokuti kana mwana ari kure pasi pemaitiro ake ekuberekwa, izvo zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chechinetso.
Normal Growth
Vana vanokura nokukurumidza mumakore mana ekutanga ehupenyu (kunyanya mumakore maviri okutanga), pamitengo yakakwirira semasendimita mana pagore paavhareji.
Mushure mezera remakore mana, vana vanowanzokura pamwero wekuderera unoramba uchidzika kusvika 2 kusvika 2 1/2 masentimita pagore-kusvika vasati vatanga kuyaruka. Zvino pavanenge vachirova kukura kwavo pakukura, vasikana vanokura kusvika 3 kusvika ku3 1/2 masendimita pagore, uye vakomana vanokura anenge masendimita mana pagore. Mushure mokunge vechidiki vakunda kukura kwekukura kwavo, kukura kwavo kunonoka zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira vasvika pakureba kwavo kwakakwana, anenge makore mana kusvika mashanu mushure mekuwedzera kwekukura kwavo.
Vakomana nemusikana vanowanzokura vachikura kusvikira vava nemakore gumi nemana nemakore makumi mana, asi izvi zvinoenderana nekutanga kwekuyaruka, izvo zvingatangira chero pakati pe8 ne13 nekuda kwevasikana ne9 ne14 kuvakomana. Semuenzaniso, kana musikana atanga kuyaruka pazera remakore masere, ipapo angamubata kukura kwake pazera remakore mapfumbamwe uye kuitwa kukura neanenge ava nemakore gumi nemaviri. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana mumwe musikana asingatange kuyaruka kusvikira ava nemakore gumi nemaviri, zvino angaramba achikura kusvikira ava namakore gumi nemashanu.
Uyewo, yeuka kuti vasikana vanosvika pakuwedzera kwavo kuwedzera kwemaviri maviri mberi kwevakomana, naizvozvo pakutanga kwevechiri kuyaruka, vasikana vakawanda vane kureba kupfuura vakomana.
Mukuwedzera kune kukwirira kwevabereki vavo, kusiyana uku munguva yekutanga kwehutano hwekuyaruka kwehuwandu hwekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzevana vari pakati nepakati pemakore ekuyaruka.
Kuongorora Mucheche Mwana
Pakuongorora vana vaduku, zvinonyanya kukosha kudarika kwavari kuwedzera pakurati ndeyekuti vari kukura sei. Kutarisa muenzaniso uyu wekukura, kana kukwirira kwemwana kwemazuva, iwe kazhinji unofanira kutarisa makore akawanda ekukura.
Vana vari kukura zvakajairika vanofanira kutevera kukura kwavo kwemafuro zvakanyatsowirirana, saka kunyange kana vari pa5 kana 3 pecentile, kana iyo ndiyo yavakagara varipo, zvino ivo vari kukura zvakanyanya.
Kana mwana wako achiyambuka mamiriyoni kana mitsara pahanzvadzi yekukura, zvino pangava nechinetso chekurapa chinoita kuti ave mupfupi. Ramba uchiyeuka kuti vana vanogona kuyambuka percentiles mumakore mashomanana okutanga ehupenyu, uye izvi chaizvoizvo kuwanikwa kunowanikwa kune vana vane vabereki vepfupi kana kuti kubatana kwekutanga kwebumbiro (dzimwe nguva kunonzi "late bloomers").
Zvimwe zvipembenene zvitsvuku zvinogona kuratidza kuti chinetso chekukura chinosanganisira kuva nechirwere chisingaperi kana zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi, zvakadai sekurutsa, kurarisa, fivha, kuora muviri, kusava nenzara, kusava nekudya kwakanyanya, misoro, uye kunonoka kuberekwa. Kuva nemafungiro asinganzwisisiki kwenguva pfupi kunogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere che chromosomal , chakadai sechondondroplastic dwarfism, uye kuva pfupi uye kuwedzeresa kunogona kuratidza dambudziko rekupedzisira kana hormonal.
Chikamu chakakosha zvikuru chekuongorora mwana nefupfupi chimiro ndechekuongorora kuwedzera kwezvinyorwa kana kukura chati. Kana mwana pfupi ave ane vana vanodarika vana, ipapo pfungwa yakanaka yekuwana zvinyorwa zvose zvekare zvevana zvekuti vana vavo vemazuva ano vadzokorore. Kana ichangopfupi asi ichikura zvakanaka, saka hapana kuongororwa kunogona kudiwa. Chiremba wako angasarudza kungoona kukura kwevana vako pamusoro pemwedzi 3 kusvika ku6 inotevera kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoramba achikura zvakanaka.
Kuedza Vana Pfupi
Kuedza vana vaduku dzimwe nguva kunodiwa, kunyange zvakadaro, kana kuti kutonga kunze kwehutano hunove huchikonzera chimiro chiduku kana kuti kusimbisa mwana mudiki kana mubereki kuti ari kukura kazhinji.
Chimwe chezvinyanya kukosha ndeyezera remapfupa. Kuti uone nguva yemwana wepfupa rako, chiremba wako anorayira x-ray yemwana wako. I-x-ray inofananidzwa nehutatu rwemaoko akadai x-mahara kubva kuvakadzi vana vemakore akasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kana ruoko rwomwana wenyu x-ray rwuri rwakafanana nehukuru hwemakore gumi nemasere x-ray mwana wako anonzi ane pfupa remakore gumi nemana.
Kana mwana wezera rako rezvesa riri zvishoma kudarika nguva yake yemazuva kana zera chaiyo, ipapo pane imwe nguva nzvimbo yemapfupa ake okukura mushure mezera raunowanzogara wakatarisira kuti atomira kukura. Vasikana vanowanzoramba vachikura kusvika pfupa remakore anoda kusvika gumi nemana, uye vakomana vanoramba vachikura mushure mezera remakore gumi nematanhatu (vane huwandu hwekukura mumapfupa emakore gumi nemana). Kuva nekunonoka kana yakakura yezera remapfupa kunogonawo kuva chiratidzo chechinetso chinoda kuwedzerwa kuongorora.
Mimwe miedzo inogona kusanganisira kuongororwa kweropa kutarisa hypothyroidism (T4 uye TSH), kukura kwehomoni (zvichiwanzo nokuongorora IGF-1 neGG BP3), kukwana kweropa rakazara (kutarisa kushaya ropa), ropa chemistries (iyo inogona kusanganisira SMA 20 kutarisa hove uye chiropa chechiropa), urinalysis, uye dzimwe nguva karyotype kutarisa chromosomal zvisiri izvo (zvikurukuru kuvasikana vanofungidzirwa kuti vane Turner syndrome).
Zvinokonzera Pfupi Chimiro
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakajairika zvekuti mwana wako ave mupfupi kuva nehukama hwemhuri shoma, izvo zvinoreva kuti vabereki vemwana uye dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dziri pfupi. Vana ava vanowanzokura pamwero wakakwana, kunyange zvazvo vari pfupi, uye vanotevera kuwedzera kwemafuro angave ari pasi asi akaenzana nehuwandu hwekukura kwemashure. Kuedzwa hakusi kunowanzodiwa, asi kana gore refupa rapera, chigumisiro chacho chichange chiri chimiro uye kwete kunonoka.
Chimwe chikonzero chinowanzoita kwenguva pfupi muvana vanowanzove nekugadzikana kwebumbiro rekukura. Vana vane izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukura ndezvishoma uye vari kukura kana pasi pe 3rd percentile nokuda kwehurefu hwavo. Nhamba yavo yekukura ichava yakasviba pa2 kusvika 2 1/2 inchesi pagore. Idzi vana vachave nechepera rechepa mapfupa, zvichiratidza kuti pane imwe nzvimbo yekuwedzera. Vanowanzova nekunonoka pakutanga kuyaruka. Kunyange zvazvo pfupi, vana vane hurongwa hwekugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo vachanyanya kuramba vachikura apo vamwe vana vakamira kukura uye vanofanira kusvika kumusana wekupedzisira wevanhu vakuru vari pedyo nevakatsvaga. Vana ava dzimwe nguva vanorondedzerwa se "nguva dzekupedzisira ", uye pane dzimwe nguva dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dzakagadzirirwa nguva uye dzakatevera muenzaniso wekukura.
Mishonga
Kunyange zvazvo pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvakakonzera kuti mwana wako ave mupfupi, pane zvimwewo zvakakomba zvinoda kurapwa. Vana vane mamiriro ezvinhu aya mafupi asiwo havasati vachikura zvakanaka, havasi kutevera kuwedzera kwemafuro, uye kazhinji vanoyambuka percentiles pasi.
Chimwe chezvinhu izvi uye icho vabereki vanowanzonetseka pamusoro pekukura kwehomoni. Kukura kwehomoni kunotarisirwa kukura kwemazuva ose, uye vana vane kukura kwehomhoni yehomoni vashoma, kazhinji vanotarisa vaduku kudarika nguva yavo yezvakaitika, uye vanogona kunge vakawandisa. Kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzova nekunonoka muzera ravo refupa, sevana vane hurongwa hwekugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo, vana vane kukura kwehomoni yekukura vachave nekukwirira kwekukura kwekukura uye vachave nekukura kwekuvhara kunowira kubva pakukura kwekuvhara kwemazuva. Kukura kwehomoni kunogona kuva kuberekwa (mwana anoberekwa nawo), kana kuti inogona kuwanikwa gare gare muupenyu kubva mukukuvara kwepamusoro kana kuora kweuropi kana kuwanda.
kana chiremba wevana vako achifungira kuti mwana wako ane kukura kwehomoni, anogona kutarisa mazinga emwana wako eGG-1 uye IGF BP3, iyo ichave yakaderera mumwana ane urombo. Iko kukura kwehomoni inokurudzira kuedza kunogonawo kuitwa nechechi yemaprologistologist.
Kurapa kwekukura kwehomoni kunosanganisira kukura hormone replacement. Mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu ekukura kwehomhoni ino inoshandiswa zvinobudirira inosanganisira Turner syndrome , kusagadzikana kwechirwere chisina kukwana, uye Prader-Willi syndrome.
Kukura kwema hormone therapy zvakare kwakagamuchirwa kwenguva refu yekurapa kwevana vane idiopathic shoma shoma, iyo inonziwo isiri-kukura hormone yakashaya nguva shoma, kana iri kupfuura 2.25 kuperevedza kwakakwana pasi pezvinorehwa nezera uye zvepabonde, kana pakati pe inopfuvura 1.2 muzana yevana.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kukura hormone shots kunodhura, kunowanzopiwa vana vashoma kwemazuva masere kubva kwemazuva manomwe evhiki kusvika pavanopedzisira vachembera, uye kazhinji vanowanzowana mwana anowedzera 2 kusvika ku3 masendimita ekukura. Saka mwana mupfupi ane chirevo chakareba che 5'6 ", uye ndiani ane idiopathic shoma shoma, zvichida haazombovi mamita matanhatu kureba nokuti iye ari kuwana kukura kwehomoni shots.
Kukura kwehomoni kunogona kushandiswa zvakare kune vana vakaberekwa vashoma nokuda kwezera remakore uye havagoni kukura mukukura kwavo panguva iyo vari nemakore maviri.
Short Children
Kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvakanaka zvekukwirira kwemwana wako nekurema zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kwazvo kuongorora mwana ane nguva pfupi. Iva nechokwadi chekuenda kumwana wako anogara achidzoka nehanzvadzi yako, uye kunyange pavanenge vachirwara, vabvunze kuti vaone urefu hwemwana wenyu kana husati hwaitwa munguva ichangopfuura. Kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba vakawanda vanogona kutanga kutanga kuongororwa kwemwana muduku, kana kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa kunodiwa, kana iwe kana mwana wako unoda kuvimbiswa, zvino kushanya kune mwana wepodocrinologist vana vanogona kubatsira.
Sources:
American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) nhungamiro yekuita: Genetic kuongorora kwemufupi kwenguva. Genetics muMishonga: June 2009 - Bhuku 11 - Nyaya 6 - pp 465-470.
Gubitosi-Klug RA. Idiopathic short stature. Endocrinol Metab Clinic North Am, September 2005; 34 (3): 565-80.
Kronenberg: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 11th ed.
Leschek EW. Migumisiro yekukura kwehomoni inorwara pakureba kwevanhu vakuru mu peripubertal vana vane idiopathic shoma shoma: chirongwa chisinganzwisisiki, chinonzi double-blind, testbo-controlled controlled. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, July 2004; 89 (7): 3140-8
Quigley CA. Kuwedzera hormone kurapwa kwekusava nekukura kwehomoni-kusakwana kwekukura kwehutano. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, March 2007; 36 (1): 131-86