Maternal Mortality Rate, Zvinokonzera, uye Kudzivirira

Mukana wekufa pakuberekwa uye kuberekwa muAmerica uye pasi

Paunenge uine mwana wako wokutanga, zvinonakidza kufunga nezvekubata mwana wako kwekutanga uye nguva dzose dzakanaka dzamuchazoshandisa pamwe chete. Asi, zvinogonawo kutyisa kana iwe usingazivi kuti chii chaunotarisira. Vakawanda-va-va-amai vanozvidya mwoyo pamusoro pokubereka mwana , anesthesia , uye zvinetso . Izvo zvinowanzoshamisika kushamisika pamusoro pemikana yekufa.

Asi, kana uchigara munyika yakafanana neUnited States, unogona kufema kugomera.

Munyika dzakabudirira, kufa panguva yekuberekwa kana nekuda kwekuita pamuviri hakuwanzoitiki, kunyange kana uchinge uine pamuviri kune ngozi yakawanda. Hezvino izvo zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pemutengo, zvinokonzera, nekudzivirira kwekufa kwevabereki.

Chii Chinonzi Kufa Kwemadzimai?

Kana mukadzi akafa kubva pane chimwe chinhu chine chokuita nekuzvitakura , inonzi vanaamai vanofa kana kufa kwevabereki. Rufu rwemadzimai runogona kuitika apo mukadzi ari nepamuviri, munguva yekubata uye kuberekwa, kana mumazuva makumi mana mushure mokuberekwa kana kuti kubviswa kwepamuviri. Kana mukadzi achibva pangozi kana noutano husina zvaanoita nehutachiwana, zvino hazvifananidzwi rufu rwekuita pamuviri.

Mikana yekufa panguva yekudzivirira uye kuberekwa muUnited States

Munyika dzine hupfumi hwakanaka, teknolojia yezuva ranhasi, nekuwana kuhutano hwehutano, mikana yekufa panguva yekuzvitakura, pakuberekwa, kana mumazuva uye masvondo mushure mekusununguka zvakanyanya.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai seUnited States, United Kingdom, uye Canada, vazhinji vakadzi vanozvitakura zvakanaka uye vanoberekwa. Zvechokwadi, kuchine dambudziko duku rekufa kwevabereki, kunyange munyika dzakabudirira.

Maererano neCenters for Disease Control (CDC), vanenge 700 vakadzi pagore vanorasikirwa noupenyu hwavo kubva kune zvinetso zvine chokuita nekuzvitakura muUnited States.

Utano hwezvehutano hunotaura huwandu hwehutachiwana hwekufa sehuwandu hwevakadzi vanofa nokuda kwevamwe vanenge 100 000 vakaberekwa varipo. Kune mamiriyoni emamiriyoni emakore ekuberekwa muUnited States gore roga rega, uye mumakore achangobva kuve ave ave nekufa kwema17 kusvika ku28 kune vose vane zana vanozvarwa vana mazana mashanu. Saka, muUnited States, mikana yekufa nekuda kwekuita pamuviri inowanikwa ne 0.00028 muzana kana anenge 1 muna 3500.

Kufa Kwemadzimai Munyika Yose

Dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzakafanana uye dzinotapudza matanho ekufa kwevanhukadzi kana zvichienzaniswa neUnited States. Zvisinei, iyo haisi iyo mhiri kwose. Munyika yose, vakadzi vanopfuura 300 000 vanofa gore roga roga kubva kune zvinetso zvinomuka panguva yekuzvimba nekuberekwa. Apo vanenge 700 vakadzi vanofa gore negore muUnited States, World Health Organization (WHO) inoshuma kuti vanenge 830 vakadzi vanofa zuva roga roga pasi rose. Vazhinji vevakadzi ava (99 muzana) vanogara munyika dzine urombo, dzichiri kusimukira. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvipingamupinyi zvekufa nekuda kwekuita pamuviri zvinokwirira kupfuura 1 mu15. Uye, zvinosuruvarisa ndezvokuti zvizhinji zvezvi rufu zvinodzivirirwa.

Zviitiko Zvinobatsira Kufa Kwemadzimai

Sezvaunogona kuona, kwaunogara unobatsira zvikuru pane hutano hwako uye hukama hwakanaka semukadzi ane pamuviri. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi dzinobatanidzwa pakuve nepamuviri ndezvi:

1. Zera: Vakadzi mumakore avo makumi maviri vanowanzova nematambudziko mashomanana panguva yekuzvitakura kupfuura vakadzi vaduku kana vakadzi vakuru. Vasikana vaduku vari pasi pezera remakore gumi nemashanu vane mukana mukuru kwazvo wezvinetso zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu. Njodzi dzinokwirawo nezera rakakura rekuberekwa uye rinowedzera sezvo vakadzi vanozvitora mumakore ekupedzisira makumi matatu, kana mumakore avo makumi mana nemakumi mashanu.
2. Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika: Vakadzi varombo mune rimwe boka rezvematongerwe enyika vanogona kunge vane dzidzo shoma, kudya kwakashata, uye zvipingamupinyi zvehutano hwehutano. Dzidzo shoma inobatsira pakuberekwa kana kuti kutora pamuviri usina kurongwa. Kusakwana kwekudya kunogona kutungamirira kuhutano hwehutano uye kubata pamuviri kusina kunaka. Uye, kutora kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka kunogona kuisa vakadzi pangozi yehutachiwana kana zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kutarisirwa nekurapwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetwa kweutano kana nemunhu ane unyanzvi hwekuchengetedza utano.

1. Kusiyana kwevakadzi: Kune dzimwe nyika, vasikana nevakadzi vane mukana muduku wekuwana dzidzo. Ivo vanowanzorambwa mari uye havave nekutaura muhupenyu hwavo uye kusarudzwa kwemhuri.
2. Inowanikwa zviripo: Kune vakadzi vakawanda, kurapwa kwezvipatara kuri kure uye zvakaoma kusvika. Kushayikwa kwekutarisirwa kusununguka, kupa mwana asina mumwe munhu ane unyanzvi hwekuuya sachiremba, chiremba, kana mukoti, uye kusakwanisa kuwana zvirwere zvakadai semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemabasa ekukurumidzira zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yeupenyu.
3. Parity: Parity ndiyo nhamba yenguva iyo mukadzi ave nepamuviri. Mukana wekuve nehutano nehupamuviri kana matambudziko panguva yekuberekwa kunowedzera zvishoma mukuzvitakura kwekutanga. Izvozvo zvinetso zvishoma kudarika pamuviri pamuviri. Asi, mushure memashanu kana kupfuura pamuviri, njodzi inokura zvakare.

Zvinokonzera Kufa Kwemadzimai

MuUnited States, zvinetso zvakakomba zvepamuviri uye kufa kwekuberekwa hazviwanzoitiki. Nekurapa kwakakodzera kwehutano, zvizhinji zvezvinetso zvinouya panguva yepamuviri, kuberekwa, uye nguva yekuenda shure kunogona kurapwa kana kudzivirirwa. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, aya mamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi. Hezvino izvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa vanaamai.

Postpartum Hemorrhage
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) inopa ropa nekuwedzerwa uye kurasikirwa kweropa mushure mokuberekwa. Mumwe unyanzvi hwekuchengeta utano anogona kumisa kubuda ropa. Asi, kana mupi wehutano ane ruzivo rwakanaka uye unyanzvi huripo, amai vanogona kufa nekurasikirwa neropa rakawandisa. PPH inokonzera inenge 27 muzana yevakafa vose vanozvarwa.

Kudzvinyirira Kwemusoro uye Eclampsia
Kuchengetwa kwepabonde uye kuongororwa kunowanzotora nyaya dzakadai sokukwirira kweropa uye mapuroteni mumuguta. Nekurapa kwakanaka, vanachiremba vanogona kubata uye kutarisa pre-eclampsia . Asi, pasina hanya, inogona kuva yengozi uye inotungamirira kurufu. Zvinetso zvehupenzi zvinokonzera 14 muzana yehutano hwehutano hwakabatana.

Kurwara
Vakadzi vanogona kuwana utachiona kubva pamuviri usina kuchengeteka, kusununguka kusina kusununguka, kana kubata kwenguva refu . Kushaiwa kunzwisisa uye ruzivo rwehutano hwehupi uye kuti kutarisira muviri mushure mekuberekwa kunogona sei kuisa amai pangozi yehutachiona. Inenge 11 kubva muzana yekufa kwevabereki ndeyekuguma kwehutachiona.

Kuguma kweKuberekwa
Kubvisa pamuviri usina kuchengeteka ndicho chinokonzera kukonzera rufu pakati pevakadzi vane chizvaro chisingadiwi. Ndicho chikonzero chokuti vanenge 68 000 vakadzi vanofa gore roga roga. Kubviswa kwepamuviri kunokwana 8 muzana yekufa kwevana.

Pulmonary Embolism
A pulmonary embolism (PE) inopa ropa mumapapu. PE inogona kukura mushure mokuberekwa, uye ngozi yacho yakakwirira nechikamu chekusiya. Inenge 3 kubva muzana yekufa kwevabereki vanozvarwa nekuda kweplmm embolism.

Zvimwe Zvinetso Zvakananga
Inenge 10 kubva muzana yevakadzi vanofa kubva kune dzimwe nyaya dzine chokuita nekuzvitakura. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadai separcenta previa , uterine rupture, uye ectopic pamuviri kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko uye rufu pasina kutarisirwa zvakanaka uye kurapwa.

Zvimwe Zvisinganzwisisi Zvinokonzera
Chimwe chikonzero chisina kukonzera rufu muvakadzi vane pamuviri chinobva mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kuwirirana zvakananga nekudzivirira asi inowedzera kana kuwedzera kuipa panguva yekuzvitakura. Kuberekwa kunogona kukanganisa matambudziko ehutano akadai seHIV uye chirwere chemwoyo. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadai seshuga uye anemia anogona kukura kana kuwedzera. Nyaya idzi dzinoverengera vanenge 28 muzana yekufa kwevabereki.

Zvinokonzera Kufa Kwemadzimai

Cause of Death	Percent
Zvimwe zvinokonzera	27.5%
Hemorrhage	27.1%
Blood Pressure Disorder	14.0%
Kurwara	10.7%
Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinokonzera	9.6%
Kubvisa pamuviri	7.9%
Ropa rinovhara	3.2%

Nzira Yokuita Kuti Mimba Igare Yakachengeteka

Mumakore makumi matatu ekupedzisira, nhamba yevakadzi vanofa nekuda kwekudzivirira nekuberekwa kwakaburuka. Kuderera kunokonzerwa neku:

• Dzidzo yevakadzi
• Kuwedzerwa kwekushandisa kwekubata pamuviri
• Kunyanya kutarisirwa kusununguka
• Kuberekwa kwakawanda muzvipatara kana kune vane unyanzvi hwehutano hwevashandi varipo
• Kuwanda kwekuwanika kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kuwedzerwa ropa, uye kurapa kwezvinetso
• Kufambira mberi mukuchengetedza kwakanyanyisa kutakura pamuviri uye kutengeswa

Asi, munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, mamwe mabasa anofanira kuitwa. Kuderedza kufa kwevana vanoberekwa pavanenge vari ivo vanonyanya kuda vakadzi:

Dzidzo
Vasikana vechidiki (nevarume) vanoziva zvakawanda nezvekuberekwa, kubereka , kutakura pamuviri, uye migumisiro yepabonde isina kudzivirirwa inogona kuita sarudzo dzakanaka ivo pachavo. Ruzivo rwerongwa hwemhuri rinogona kudzivirira kubata pamuviri usina kurongwa uye kubvisa pamuviri usina kuchengeteka.

Kuwana hutano hwakanaka
Utano hwehutano, hutungamiri hwehutano hwakagara huripo, uye kuwanikwa kwehutano hwakachengetedza kunogona kudzivirira kufa panguva yekuzvitakura. Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye hutano hwehutano hunobatsira zvikuru kuvasikana nevasikana vaduku.

Utsanana
Ivo ruzivo rwehutano hwakanaka hwehutano uye kutarisira kwomuviri kunogona kuchengetedza hutachiona kure. Nguva dzose kushambadza maoko, nzvimbo yakachena yepineinal panguva yekuchechechecheka kwepabonde, uye nzvimbo yekuchenesa panguva yekuberekwa kunogonawo kubatsira kudzivirira utachiona.

Kubata pamuviri
Unyanzvi hwekutarisira mberi uye munguva yekuberekwa kunogona kudzivirira matambudziko uye kutungamirira kuberekwa kwakachengeteka. Kana zvichibvira, vakadzi vanofanira kuva nevana vavo nzvimbo yekuchengetedza utano. Kana kuendeswa kuchipatara, kliniki, kana hofisi hazvibviri, saka mumwe munhu ane unyanzvi pakununura vana anofanira kunge ari kumba.

Postpartum monitoring
Mushure mekusununguka, vakadzi vanoramba vachida kubatsirwa. Postpartum checkups yekusava neropa kusina kuchena kana utachiona zvinogona kuita kuti musiyano uite. Kugara kure nemabasa kana kusakwanisa kuzvidzivirira kunogona kudzivirira mukadzi kubva pakuwana ruzivo rwaanoda kuzviriritira pashure pokunge aberekwa kana kuwana ma antibiotic anoponesa upenyu uye kutarisa kwemazuva ekupedzisira angada.

Mukana Wokufa Munguva yeCesarea

Munyika dzakabudirira, mukana wekufa kubva muchikamu chekuchengetedza chikafu chisina kuwanzana, asi chinopfuvura zvishoma pane kubereka kwevakadzi. Chidzidzo muAmerican Journal of Obstetrics uye Gynecology yakawana kuti kufa kwevana pamuviri kune 2.2 kubva pa100 000 kune c-zvikamu uye 0,2 pa100 000 zvekuberekwa kwevakadzi. Chikonzero chechikamu chekuchengetedza chikafu chinodarika zvakanyanya ndechekuti chirwere, uye kuvhiyiwa kune zvimwe njodzi. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kana c-chikamu chisarudzo uye ichiitwa kunze kwechirwere chekurapa, njodzi dzakakwirira kudarika kubereka kuburikidza nekuberekwa kwevakadzi.

Matambudziko kubva kune c-chikamu chinogona kutungamirira kurufu rwemwana dzinosanganisira:

• Kurwara
• Ropa rinovhara
• Anesthesia reactions
• Kurasikirwa neropa
• Kukuvadza kune dzimwe nhengo panguva yekuvhiyiwa

Asi, ramba uchifunga kuti c-zvikamu zvinoponesa upenyu, zvakare. Pane dzimwe nguva apo c-chikamu ndicho chakanakisisa. Pazvinenge zvakakodzera, munhu anokwanisa kuvhara mikana yekufa kwaamai kana kuti kufa kwevana vasati vafa uye kuunza zvakachengeteka zvakanyanya.

Shoko Rinobva Kunyanya

Munguva yakapfuura, pamuviri uye kubereka zvakanyanya kuipa. Asi, nhasi, zvakanyanya zvakachengeteka kuva nemwana. Kana iwe uchigara uchitarisirwa kutarisirwa, ita zvakanaka , ita mararamiro akanaka , uye uve nehutano hunyanzvi pakupa kwako, mikana yekuva nepamuviri hwakanaka uye kuberekwa zvakanakisisa.

Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika vakadzi vanoenderera mberi vachitarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma pamusoro pedumbu nekurera mwana. Kungofanana nevamwe vakadzi vakawanda, vane tariro imwechete uye kutya kwekuva nemwana. Zvinosuruvarisa, kutya kwavo kwakanyatsodzika. Asi, ndizvo zvazvo tariro yavo.

Masangano ezvehutano hwemadzimai uye evana akadai se WHO, USAID, UNICEF, UNFPA uye vamwe vakawanda vari kuunza ruzivo panyaya iyi. Varikudziridza mapurogiramu ekubatsira kurwisa kufa kwevakadzi uye kuita ramangwana zviri nani kune vose vakadzi. Kana iwe uchida kubatanidzwa, unogona kutsvaga mikana yekubatsira avo vasina ruzivo munharaunda yako kana kuita shanduko nekukweretesa kutsigira kumasangano akaita seaya ari kuedza kuunza dzidzo inoponesa upenyu, mishonga, uye kutarisira kune vakadzi nyika.

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