Vana vakaberekwa vasati vambo vana vanoberekwa vasati vhiki ye37 yekuberekwa kwomukadzi. Zvisinei, kana iwe wakambotora nguva mukati meNICU, unoziva kuti vavengi vanowanikwa pamatanho akasiyana ekudzivirira vakasiyana zvikuru kune mumwe.
Vose vana vasati vasvika vashoma, vanoda kutarisirwa kwehutano hwakaoma, uye vanotarisana nezvinetso zvakakomba zvose muNICU uye kumba. Mwana anozvarwa mwedzi mitatu kusvika kumana mangwanani, kunyange zvakadaro, achasangana nezvinetso zvakasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kumwana akaberekwa mwedzi miviri kusvika kumwedzi.
Ngatinyatsoongororai kuti vana vasati vasvika vanosiyana sei vhiki nevhiki.
23-24 Mavhiki
Inopfuura hafu yevana vasati vasvika vanoberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri nemaviri ekuberekwa vachararama vachiendeswa uye vanorarama kuona upenyu kunze kweNICU. Vacheche vakaberekwa vasati vhiki makumi maviri nemaviri vangave vapenyu - mudiki wekutanga wekupona aive mupenyu Amillia Taylor , akaberekwa pavhiki makumi maviri nemasere uye nemazuva matanhatu gestation. Asi, masvondo 23 kusvika ku24 inowanzoonekwa sezera rekugonekana kwevana vasati vasvika.
Vana vakaberekwa vasati vazvarwa vhiki 23 kusvika ku24 vanonzi micro preemies . Vanorema kungopfuura pondo uye vanoyera anenge masendimita masere kubva kure kubva kumusoro wavo kusvika kumabhota. Vacheche vanoberekwa panguva ino vachafukidzwa nevhudzi rakanaka rinonzi calledgogo, kuitira kuti vaite kuti vadziyirwe, sezvo vasati vasvika mafuta ane mafuta. Ganda ravo rinopfava uye rakaoma. Kunyange zvazvo maziso avo angangodaro akabatanidzwa akapfigwa, ivo vachave vakazara eyelashes uye brows. Vachange vaine zvigunwe zviduku!
Izvozvo zvichiti, maitiro akawanda emuviri haana kusimbiswa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri nemana. Nzira dzezasi dzakadzika dzinotanga kukura, saka vhiki 23 uye vhiki makumi maviri nemasere vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere vanofanira kubatsirwa nekufemerwa kwenguva refu.
Iwe unogona kushamiswa kuziva kuti mwana muzera rino ane kunyatsoteerera kunzwa manzwiro, saka anogona kunzwa izwi rako, kunyange zvazvo ruzha rukuru rungave ruchiwedzeredza uye runopisa kune hurongwa hwavo hwenyika husati hwavapo.
25-26 Mavhiki
Pamasvondo makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri, vana vasati vasvika vanorema kusvika 1 1/2 kusvika pa2 mapaundi uye anenge anenge 9 masendimita yakareba paanoyera kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi. Vacheche vakaberekwa panguva ino vanonzi micro preemy, uye vanotarisana neNICU kwenguva refu uye vane hutano hwakawanda hunoenderana nehutano hwakanaka .
Pamasvondo makumi maviri nemakumi matanhatu ekuberekwa, vana vacheche vasati vasvika vanotanga kukudziridza alveoli, mabhazi emhepo anobvumira kushandiswa kwemhepo. Kunyange zvazvo vachiri vaduku zvikuru kuti vafeme vasina rubatsiro, ichi ndicho chinhu chinokosha zvikuru. Zvimwe zviitiko zvekuvandudza zvemavhisi makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri zvinosanganisira kukurudzirwa kwekutanga kutanga-mwana anozvarwa panguva ino achatanga kushevedzera nenzwi guru, uye izvi zvinowanzoitika musangano ravo remagetsi. Zvinyorwa uye zvigunwe zveminwe zviri kuwedzerawo.
27-28 Mavhiki
Pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri, vana vasati vasvika havasati vambofungidzirwa kuti vasati vadzivirirwa. Iye zvino anonzi " vana vasati vasvika nguva refu ," ava vana vanopfuura 95 muzana yehupenyu hwekuzvarwa kwekare uye NICU kubuda. Zvisinei, vhiki makumi maviri nemakumi maviri namana makumi maviri nemana makumi maviri nemakumi mana (28) vemazuva ano zvinoda kurapwa kwakanyanya uye zvinogona kutarisirwa kugara muNICU kwenguva refu.
Pamasvondo makumi maviri nemana, vana vasati vasvika vanorema anenge 2 1/2 pounds uye anenge anenge masendimita gumi kubva kure kubva kumusoro kuenda kune rumwe. Kukurumidza kukura kwemaziso kuri kuitika, uye vana vasati vasvika vanoberekwa mushure memavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri vanogona kuvhenekera uye havasati vashandura maofidi. Matiniti avo achiri kuwedzera (achiita kuti varambe vari panjodzi yekudzivirirwa kwepakutanga, kana ROP), asi maziso avo anogona kugadzira zvidhori.
Pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri nemakumi mana, vana vasati vasvika vari kutangawo kukura zvakanyanya kurongeka kwekurara / kwaro. Vari kutanga kuva nenguva dzekurara REM, uye vabereki vachiona vana vavo vavete vanogona kushamisika kuti vari kurota pamusoro pei.
29-30 Mavhiki
Pakati pevhiki makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemana, mwana anokura akakura zvakanyanya. Vana vepakutanga vakaberekwa pakati pemavhiki makumi maviri negfumbamwe nemakumi matatu vacharamba vachida kuti NICU refu igare , asi nhengo dzavo dzinokosha dzakanyanya kukura kupfuura dzecheche dzakaberekerwa kare.
Pamasvondo 29 kusvika ku30, vana vasati vasvika vanorema anenge mapaundi matatu uye vane anenge masendimita gumi nemazana masere. Kunyange zvazvo vachiri vaduku zvikuru, vhiki 29 uye vhiki 30 vane mafuta akawanda akachengetwa pasi peganda ravo , saka vanotarisa se "vana chaivo" vacheche. Vari kutanga kudura yavo yakogo, bvudzi rakanaka rinofukidza muviri we preemie. Uyewo, maziso avo anogona kugona zvino, asi zviedza zvinopenya uye mhere-mhere zvinowanzoramba zvisinganzwisisiki.
Mukuwedzera kune zvose izvi kunze kwekukura, uropi hunopinda munguva yekukura nokukurumidza zvakare. Uhu hwemakore makumi maviri nemaviri nemakumi matatu ekuberekwa kwevana vasati vakura, vanotanga kutarisa kugadzika uye kubwinya, uye vakakura zvakakwana kuti vatange kudzora kutonhora kwemuviri.
Pazera iri, mwana asati asvika anonzwa akachengetedzeka uye akanyatsogadzikana ne swaddling uye nesting. Uyezve, panguva ino, dumbu ravo uye matumbu zviri kukura uye kugadzirira kugadzira mukaka. Ivo vasati vagara vakagadzirira kunya mbesa asi vanogona kutanga kunwisa pa pacifier kuti vabatsire kukura maronda avo. Mukuwedzera pakushandisa pacifier, kangaroo kuchengetwa paunenge uchidywa kuchabatsira mwana wako kuti abudirire, uye akubatsire iwe nevana vako musungo.
31-32 Mavhiki
Pamasvondo makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemaviri, vana vasati vasvika vanoyera pakati pe 3 1/2 uye 4 pounds uye vari pakati pe18 ne19 inches long. Izvozvo zvinenge nguva yakareba sechecheche akazvarwa panguva. Vana vakaberekwa vasati vaberekwa vakaberekwa pamasvondo makumi matatu nemasere nemasere anonzi vana vanofanirwa kutangira vana . Kunyange zvazvo vachiri vasati vasununguka pakuzvarwa uye vachada vhiki dzinoverengeka dzekuchengetedza kweNICU, makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi maviri nemaviri vhiki vhiki vanokurumidza kusvika kune vezera ravo uye vane zvishoma zvenguva refu zvinokonzera kusarura.
Pakati pemasvondo makumi matatu namasere nemaviri, vana vanowana muviri wakawandisa. Vana vakaberekwa vasati vaberekwa panguva ino vari kutanga kutarisa uye vanogona kuchengetedza utano hwakanaka hwemuviri pasina rubatsiro rwekudzivirira.
Vanoshandisa mazwi ose 5 kuti vadzidze nezvemamiriro avo ezvinhu asi vachiri kunogona kuwedzererwa nemasikati akajeka uye mhere-mhere. Kudzokororwa nemamiriro avo ezvinhu kunogona kuratidzwa kuburikidza nehuccup, sneeze, kana kuchema. Izvozvo zvichiti, panguva ino, mwana wako angangonakidzwa kuona chiso chako kumusoro.
Vabereki vanowanzoda kuziva kana vana vavo vanogona kudzoka kumba kubva kuNICU . Kunyangwe muzera rino, mwana wako anotaridzika shanduro yemhando yemwana wenguva yakazara, mwana wako achiri kutarisira kutarisirwa kwakanyanya, kunyanya sezvo utano hwavo hwemusununguko hunoramba huchikura, uye vanokudziridza mukuyamwisa kwavo kudyisa. Apo mwana wako achamukazve, kurara kwavo kunoda kuchengetedzwa, saka vanogona kuramba vachikura nekukura.
Mukuwedzera, vasati vabuda, pane zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana izvo vana vasati vasvika vanofanira kusvika : vanoda kukwanisa kudya, kufema, uye kugara vasina ushamwari pasina rubatsiro kubva kuvashandi veNICU kana zvigadzirwa. Vavengi vanozvarwa pamasvondo makumi matatu nemasere nemasere makumi matatu nemaviri vanogona kukwanisa kuita chimwechete kana zviviri zvezvinhu izvi pakuberekwa, asi zvinotora nguva kusvika pazvinhu zvitatu zvinoshamisa.
33-34 Mavhiki
Vana vepakutanga vakaberekwa pakati pemasvondo makumi matatu nemaviri nemakumi mana vanonzi vana vanofanirwa kutangira vana . Kuyera pakati pemakirogiramu mana nemashanu pakuberekwa uye kuchiyera anenge masentimita makumi maviri kureba, ava vana vari kuwedzerwa pedyo nekukura kwecheche akaberekwa panguva. Kunyange zvazvo vari kukura, 33 uye 34 vhiki dzevhiki makumi matatu nemakumi matatu vachiri vapenyu uye vangada kugara muNICU kwevhiki dzinoverengeka.
Vana vacheche vasati vasvika vanenge vakanyatsogadzirwa nemavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri nemakumi mana nemana. Mapfupa avo akazara zvizere, zvigunwe zvavo zvinosvika kumagumo ezvinyorwa zvadzo, uye muvakomana, mapepa ari kuburukira muchirwere. Zvisinei, chirwere chekufema hachipedzi kukura kusvikira mavhiki ekupedzisira ekudzivirira, uye zvirwere zvinotanga kubuda kubva kumwana kuenda kumucheche - saka hutano hwavo hwemusununguko hunenge husina kumira.
Pamasvondo makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemana makumi matatu nemashanu, vana vakawanda vasati vasvika vangave vasina nguva shoma NICU inogara nechinguva chiduku. Vangada kubatsirwa kufema kwenguva pfupi, asi kudzidza kudya kungatora nguva refu. Iyo inomedza-inopisa-kufema reflex haina kunyatsorongedzwa, uye vana ava vangave vasina simba zvakakwana kuti vawane zvokudya zvakakwana kuti vakure uye vawane uremu.
Munguva ino, zvinokoshawo kutarisa zviratidzo zvekudarika zvakanyanya kubva mumhepo yakadai sa hiccuping, kunyunyuta, kuchema, kana kubvisa kure. Kudzivirira nguva yenguva yako yekurara kunokosha zvikuru panguva ino.
35-36 Mavhiki
Vana vepakutanga vakaberekwa pamasvondo makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemasere vanonzi vana vekutanga vacheche . Idzi idzi dzinenge masendimita makumi maviri nemarefu uye dzinowanzoyera pakati pe 5 1/2 uye 6 mapaundi. Kunyange zvazvo vhiki makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemana makumi matatu nemasere vachiona sevana venguva refu, ivo vasati vasvika uye vanogona kusangana nemamwe matambudziko ekutanga kwekuvandudza .
Pamavhiki ekupedzisira ekudzivirira, vana vakawanda vakashandura nzvimbo yepamusoro-pasi. Vakasvika pakukwirira kwavo, vari kuwana kuwanda nokukurumidza, vane mahwendefa anouya kumanwe eminwe yavo, uye akazara zvizere.
Kunyange zvazvo vachiita sevana venguva refu, vana makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemana makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri vasati vazvarwa. Mapapu avo haazogadziriswa kune mamwe mavhiki mashoma, uye vangave vasina mafuta akakwana kuti varambe vakatsva kana simba rakakwana kuti vaite mazamu kana kuti mabhodhoro kudya zvakanaka.
Kuramba vachidzivirira kurara kwavo uye nguva muNICU kusvikira vakagadzirira kuenda kumba kunokosha.
> Sources:
> Coughlin M, Gibbins S, Hoath S. Zviyero zvekuchengetedza zvakasimudzirwa mukuchengetedzwa kwevana neatalatal: mazano, > mberi > nekuita. J Adv Nurs . 2009 Oct; 65 (10): 2239-48.
> Curtis, Glade uye Schuler, Judith. Vhiki Yako Kuberekwa Nevhiki. 6th ed. Da Capo, 2008.
> Montirosso R et al. Nhamba yeNICU yehutano hwekufambira mberi uye neurobehavioral kubudirira muvana vasati vatanga. Pediatrics . 2012 May; 129 (5): e1129-37.
> Murkoff, Heidi naSharon Mazel. Zvaunotarisira Paunotarisira. 4th ed. Workman, New York, 2008.
> Peek a Boo ICU. Nhoroondo ye Preemie: Inofungisisa uye Mwana Wako Wekutanga.