Kusiyana pakati pemucheche nevakuru GI Tract
Zvishoma zvezvizhinji zvakakosha pakuyamwisa ndezvokugadzikana kwekudya nekubatana kunoitika. Asi chii chinoitika kana mwana akabatanidzwa uye achidya zvakanaka? Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chechikamu chekudya chinokwana mabasa anoshanda munotakura uye kudyiwa kwezvokudya zvinokosha kuti mwana wako akure. Kudya kwemukaka wemucheche muchecheche wako kunobata mabasa anokosha kubva pakunwa kwezvidzivirira zvinorwisa zvirwere zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya uye mavairasi pakugadzirisa utano hwakanaka hwebhakitiriya.
Chii chinonzi scientists shure kwekuchera mwana?
Anatomy uye Physiology yemutana Wechirwere Checheche
Ngatitangei tichitarisa kutaridzika kwechecheche yekucheka kubva panguva iyo zvokudya zvinopinda mumuromo kusvikira zvichisvika mumucheche wemwana wako, uye mabasa anoitika munzira. Nhengo dzekuwana nadzo dzinokosha zvakanyanya pakugadzirisa kudya kwakakodzera uye ichakurukurwa pasi apa.
- Mouth. Mucheche wako mwana anoita basa rekugamuchira zvokudya uyewo nzvimbo iyo kugadzika kwezvimwe zvinotanga kunotanga. Vamwe vana vangwana vanogona kuve nechinetso nekudzivirira kana matambudziko anowirirana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai semucheka kana kuti cleft palate.
- Esophagus. Ichi chinonzi tube inobatanidza muromo kusvika mudumbu uye ine mabasa maviri makuru-kusundira zvokudya kana mvura inobva mumuromo kusvika mudumbu uye kumira kudengenyeka, kana kumirazve, kwezviri mukati mudumbu.
- Dumbu. Iyi dumbu ine basa rekuchengetedza kudya kwakamedza, kubatanidza nekuparadzanisa kudya, uye kugadzirisa kudarika kwemukati mukati memudumbu mu duodenum, chikamu chokutanga chemukati mudumbu. Kuchengetedza kunoitika muzvikamu zvitatu-cephalic (yakatangwa ne vagus nerve kana munhu achiona uye anonhuwira zvokudya), gastric (inokonzerwa nekudyiwa kwezvokudya uye kutungamirirwa ne gastrin) uye mumatumbo (anorongedzwa nemahomoni akabudiswa mudumbu duku).
- Small intestine. Uyu mudumbu mutsva ipfundo-sechigunwe chakaparadzaniswa muzvikamu zvitatu-duodenum, jejunum, uye ileum. Iine basa guru rekuita sezvarinenge riri mutariri wekudya uye kudya kwezvibereko, mavitamini, kutsvaga zvinhu, mvura, uye electrolytes. Zvinonyanya kukosha, kudya kwechidimbu yakagadzirwa kubva mudumbu kunosanganiswa nemisungo yakadzika kubva pancreas, chiropa uye mumatumbo. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari anobva kune izvozvi zvinyorwa zvinotarisira zvakawanda zvekudya kwegumbo mumucheche muduku-zvinoputsa mapuroteni emukaka wemukaka kuva amino acids; mukaka wemakaka mahydrohydrates mu glucose nemamwe monosaccharides; uye mukaka wemukaka wemafuta mu glycerol nemafuta acids. Uturu hwomukati hunofanira kuva hwakasimba kwazvo kubata basa rauri kuita. Simba rayo rinouya kubva pakuti rine zvikamu zvina zvakasiyana-serosa, muscularis, submucosa uye muscosa. Pasi pemukumbo yakawedzerwa zvikuru nekuvapo kwevillion uye microvilli inoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwekupedzisira kwekudya.
- Utumbo hukuru kana koni. Iyo inotenderera ichikwira kumusoro zvichibva kumagumo emukati muduku, mhiri kumadziro uye pasi kusvika kune rectum. Inonyanya kutarisira kubatwa kwemvura uye electrolytes.
- Rectum. I "sphincter yeOeirene" inotungamirira kubuda kwemarara kubva mu sigimoid colon kusvika mune rectum, iyo inobata nzvimbo yezvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvekudya. Izvo mukati nekunze sophincters dzinodzora kutenderera kwenyaya yefecal kubva pamagetsi.
Nhengo dzeChipinda cheMucheche Wechidiki Mudumbu
Mukuwedzera kune chirongwa chekudya, pachavo nhengo dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa nadzo dzinokosha mukugadzika kwezvokudya. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Salivary glands. Izvo zvinokambaira mumuromo zvinobereka micherechedzo yakaoma. Izwi rokuti submandibular, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye parotid zvinogadzira saliva ine amylase, iyo enzyme inotanga kutanga kugadzirwa kwemakhahydrates.
- Chiropa . Chiropa chaizvoizvo chikamu chikuru mumuviri. Icho chiri kutarisira mapuroteni nemakrohydrate metabolism uye kuchengetedza glycogen nemavhitamini. Iyo inobatsirawo mukugadzirwa, kuchengetedza uye kubviswa kwe bile uye inotora chikamu mumafuta emasabolism. Chiropa ndeyekuti inonzi inotorwa uye dzimwe nguva inochengetedzwa kuchengetedza muviri wose.
- Gallbladder. Iyo nduru ibladge ibhu duku duku rinogara pachigadziko chechiropa. Bhiri (iyo inosanganisira salir iyo inokosha pakugadzirisa uye kunwa kwemafuta) kubva pachiropa ichiunganidzwa pano. I "sphincter yeOdidi" inotungamirira kudengenyeka kwe bile mu duodenum. Zvakafanana nechiropa, iyo yakagadziriswa inobatsira muhutano, kuchengetedza uye kubviswa kwe bile uye inotora basa mune mafuta ekudya.
- Pancreas. Iyo panikreas inogadzira alkaline (kana kuti haina kwaakarerekera) zvinyorwa zvinobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kudya kwechidimbu chechidimbu (chinonziwo chyme) kubva mudumbu. Izvozvi zvinyorwa zvinoshandisa enzyme dzinokosha pakunwa kwemafuta, mapuroteni, uye mahydrohydrates. Kunyange zvazvo majekiseni aya emagetsi anogadzirwa mu "exocrine" pancreas, vanhu vazhinji vanozivikanwa nehomoni inonzi insulin inogadzirwa mu "endocrine" glands zvepancreas.
Mukaka wepabonde unewo enzymes inobatsira mukudya, zvakadai seamylase, lipase, uye protease. Izvi zvakakosha mumucheche semakemikari ekuzvidzivirira asingasviki pamazinga akawanikwa muvanhu vakuru kusvikira vacheche vasvika kumakore emwedzi mitanhatu.
Izvo zvose, zvikamu zvekudya zvekudya zvinoshanda pamwechete kuti zvidye zvokudya, zvichiendesa mberi kupinda muGI system, zvinogadzirisa uye zvimakemikari zvidzivhuna uye zvinyora mishonga, uye zvadaro kubvisa zvinhu zvakaderera semarara.
Kusiyanisa Pakati Pemimba Yevana Vacheche neVakuru
Iko kune maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana pakati pemakumbo echeche nevana vakuru.
- Musoro nemutsipa zvakasiyana. Mucheche, rurimi rwakakura kune rumwe rutivi rwemuromo uye mamwe mafuta ane pfupa aripo kumativi erurimi runobatsira pakuyamwisa. Mukuwedzera, maruva, kana izwi rebhokisi, rakakwirira mumucheche kune vakwegura uye epiglottis iri pamusoro pemvura yakadzika kuti ipe humwe huviri hwekudzivirira.
- Esophageal kusiyana. Mumwana achangoberekwa, sopu inenge inenge 4 1/2 inches yakareba (inopesana ne 9 1/2 inches yakareba muvanhu vakuru) uye pasi shoma esophageal sphincter inenge ye2 1/2 inch in diameter. Kazhinji paanenge aberekwa, tsvina inopfupa inotapira inopinda nepamuviri kuti ivimbise kuti iyi sphincter yakazaruka. Esophageal defect izvo zvisingawanzozivikanwa zvinosanganisira atresias (mamiriro ayo mazamu akavharwa zvachose) uye fistulas (mamiriro ezvinhu umo kune kuwirirana pakati peeophagus uye imwe nhengo, yakadai se trachea).
- Dumbu rakasiyana. Mucheche inoberekwa inogona kungobata pakati pe 1/4 ne22 mukombe yemvura (zvichienderana nemakiromita anenge 14 muvanhu vakuru!) Basa rekudya dumbu rinofanana kune vose vana nevakuru. Izvo zvipembenene zvepamukati zvemukati zvinosanganisira parietal masero, izvo zvinogadzira hydrochloric acid uye mukati. Iko masero mashoma mumatanda aya anovhara pepsinogen, iyo inoshandurwa kuva pepsin, kuputsa pasi mapuroteni mujusi romuviri. Zvinoshamisa kuti mheremhere inenge yatovepo imwe nguva awa mushure mokuberekwa uye masero emapetetal anotanga kushanda mushure mekuberekwa. Gastric pH iri pasi pemakumi mana ekutanga kwemazuva manomwe kusvika kune gumi eupenyu.
- Small intestine. Kune maitiro akasiyana-siyana mumatumbo maduku pamwe chete. Mucheche iyo inotarisa pakati pe100 ne 120 inches yakareba uye mumunhu mukuru, kubva pamasendimita 240 kusvika ku315.
- Makumbo makuru. Mukoko wemucheche hauna maturo pakutanga. Asi mukati maawa mashomanana E. Coli, Clostridium, uye Streptococcus zvakasimbiswa. Kuunganidza mabhakitiriya muGI tract kunokosha pakugadzirisa nekugadzirwa kweVitamin K, mavhitamini anokosha mukuvhara ropa. Sezvo zvinotora nguva kuti izvi zviitwe mushure mokuberekwa, vacheche vanowanzopirwa mavhitamini K pavanenge vaberekwa.
- Kubuda. Zvitamba zvekutanga zvakadanwa zvinonzi meconium. Meconium yakasviba, yakasimba uye yakagadzika. Iro tsvuku kana ruvara rwemavara rwakasvibiswa uye rwakagadzirwa nemucheka, vernix (yakachena cheesy inenge iripo paganda recheche), yakogo (mvere dzakanaka dziri paganda recheche, kunyanya mukutanga), mahomoni, uye makhahydrates. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti mwana achangoberekwa anopfuura chigaro mukati maawa makumi maviri nemaviri ekuberekwa.
Utano Hwakanaka Bhakitiriya
Mumakore achangopfuura tave tichiri kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekugadzira mabhakitiriya uye kukosha kwavo mune zvose kubva mumuviri wehutano kusvika mune hukama hwehupenyu. Kuberekwa kunowanzoita kuti kuve nekoloni yekoloni ine kukwana kwakakwana kwebhakitiriya ine utano. Panzvimbo pokuva basa rakasara kusvika kune enzymes chete mumugwagwa wezvokudya, tiri kudzidza kuti utano hwakanaka hutachiona mabhakitiriya hwakakosha zvikuru mukudya kwakakodzera kwezvokudya uye kuguma kwekudya kwezvinhu zvinodiwa pakukura nekukura. Sezvatinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwema microbiome emucheche mucheche nekuyamwisa, zvinenge zvichida kuti mazano anowanzonyorerwa ekuyamwisa achanyanya kusimba.
Izwi rinobva kuTewellwell pa Infant Digestion
Chirwere checheche checheche chinopesana nevanhu vakuru nenzira dzakasiyana siyana uye inzira inosanganisira nhengo dzakawanda dzakasiyana uye nhanho dzakawanda. Kubva pakupa utachiona hwemakemikari, kugadzirisa utano hwakanaka mumakiteriya, mukaka wemucheche unogona kuita kuti mwana wako atange kutangira kwakanaka.
> Sources:
> Kliegman, Robert M., Bonita Stanton, St Geme III Joseph W., Nina Felice. Schor, Richard E. Behrman, uye Waldo E. Nelson. Nelson Nhamba yeBhuku rePediatrics. 20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.
> Pannarai, P., Li, F., Cerini, C. et al. Kushamwaridzana pakati peBermic Milk Bacterial Communities uye Kubatanidzwa uye Kuvandudzwa kweMucheche Gut Microbiome. JAMA Pediatrics . 2017. 171 (7): 647-654.