Toddler Development
Munguva yemakore vaduku, mwana wako achakurumidza kuchinja nekukura, kudzidza unyanzvi, uye kukwanisa kuyanana nenyika munyika itsva uye nenzira dzakasiyana. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa sekusimudzirwa, uye inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kukura kwekuziva, kufambira mberi kwemuviri, unyanzvi hwemutauro, nekusimudzira hutano.
Kukurukurirana kwepfungwa kunoreva mano ekuchenjera, sekufunga nekufunga, pamwe nekuwana ruzivo uye kukwanisa kugadzira ruzivo.
Munguva yevana vaduku, vabereki vachaona zvikwiriso zvakakura munzvimbo ino.
Kukura kwepanyama kunosanganisira kukura kwevana vaduku pamwe chete nehutano hwavo hwakakosha uye hwakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo kuchinja munharaunda iyi hakuzove kwakanzwika kana kukurumidza sezvazviri muzera remucheche, uchaona mijenya yakawanda uye mitsara (chaizvoizvo) kubva kumakore 1 kusvika ku3.
- Gross motor development inoreva unyanzvi hunodiwa kushandiswa kwemasumbu makuru ediki, semakumbo ake nemaoko.
- Chine motokari inobudirira inosanganisira unyanzvi hunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemashure maduku, seminwe nemaoko.
Unyanzvi hwemutauro ndechimwe chinhu chinokosha chekukura kwechidiki. Kubva pamwedzi 12 kusvika ku 36, vana vaduku vanowanzoshandisa mazwi mashomanana kuti vaone mifananidzo uye zvinhu nemashoko ekutaura mumitsara yakazara uye kutaura mazano akaoma uye pfungwa.
Kufambira mberi kwehupfumi kunosanganisira kukwanisa kwako kumwana kuti adzidze uye agadzirise kune tsika dzevanhu, sekuratidza zvido, kubvunza rubatsiro, uye kubatana zvakakodzera uye kutamba nevezera rake, uyewo kuwana rusununguko uye pfungwa yega.
Zvose izvi kukura uye kubudirira zvinogona kuonekwa semutambo wakareba wemwana muduku akadaro, asi vabereki vachashamiswa nekuchinja kwavanoona mudiki wavo mumakore maviri anotevera. Uye nepo pane zviitiko zvekuvandudza zvakasununguka izvo vana vaduku vanowanzosvika pamakore akafanana akafanana, vana vose vakasiyana uye vanodzidza uye vanobudirira ivo pachavo.
Mukuwedzera, hazvishamisi kuwana kuti mwana muduku anofarira rumwe rudzi rwekufambira kune rumwe. Semuenzaniso, mwana wechidiki uyo anotaura zvakajeka angangoita seanokura shure kwevezera rake mune huwandu hwemotokari inobudirira kubudirira uye zvakasiyana. Asi vabereki vanogona kugutsikana-nguva zhinji, nguva idzi dzakasiyana mukuvandudza nguva dzedzidzo kunyange kunze kwemakore mashomanene uye haisi kureva chiratidzo chekurumidza kunonoka.
Somubereki, ungakurudzira sei kukura kwevana vako? Panguva yechidiki chakadaro, zvizhinji zvehupenyu hwehutano hunogona kukanganisa kubudirira zvose zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka. Pano tarisa zvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zvinogona kukanganisa zvose zvekufambira mberi:
Zvokudya uye Chikafu
Vana vaduku vane mukurumbira wekuve vadyi vanodya, asi zvakakosha kuti vabereki vaone kuti mwana muduku ari kudya kudya kunovaka muviri uye kunodya. Maererano neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, mwana muduku anofanirwa kudya zvikafu zvitatu uye rimwe kana maviri zvinopisa zuva rimwe nerimwe rine mapuroteni, makhahydrates, nemafuta kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya, kusanganisira michero, miriwo , nyama, uye mbeu yose. Kusagadzikana kwezvokudya kubva pakusika kwekudya kwakakwana, kudya kunoshayiwa muzvibereko zvakakwana uye zvicherwa, kana kudya kunosanganisira shuga yakawanda kunogona kudzivisa huropi hunobudirira uye kukura mumuviri, kukonzera kuora mazino, kana kuisa mwana mudiki kune zvinetso nekuwedzerwa . Vabereki vanofanira kuve nechokwadi chokuti zvinodiwa zvekudya zvinodiwa zvediki zvinosangana.
Inzvimbo Yakachengeteka
Kurarama munharaunda yakachengeteka uye kumba kunonyanya kukoshesa kutsigira kwepfungwa nemagariro evanhu uye hutano. Zvimwe zvinowanzoisa pangozi izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukukurumidza kunonoka kunosanganisira amai vanotambura nekuora mwoyo, dzimwe nharo dzehutano hwepfungwa dzemhuri, chisimba mumusha, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka / kushungurudzwa, uye / kana urombo.
Mukuwedzera, kune vabereki vanoshanda kunze kwemusha, kusarudza nanny yakakodzera, mutarisiri, zuvacare , kana kuti yepachikoro inokosha kumuchechero wemwana wako nokuti mwana angangodaro ari kushandisa nguva yakawanda yekumuka kwake mumaawa ekurera. Zvakakosha kuwana nzvimbo yakachengeteka, ine utano, uye ine hanya kumwana wako muduku kuti atsigire kuziva kwavo, motokari yakaipisisa, motokari yakanaka, manzwiro, uye ruzivo rwemagariro sezvo mwana wenyu achifambira kuburikidza nechechikwereti.
Tamba uye Kutaurirana
Kuti vana vaduku vadzidze uye vakukure, zvakakosha kune vatarisi kuti vataurirane nevana mukuratidza, nekutarisira nzira uye kuvapa mikana yekuongorora, kuumba, uye kutamba. Kune vana mukuchengetedza zuva kana kuti zvidzidzo zvepakutanga, iwe unoda kuve nechokwadi chokuti mwana ane ruzivo rwekuita kutamba , sematayipi, mabhuku, uye zvigadzirwa zvemifananidzo , izvo zvinobatsira kukudziridza unyanzvi hwekuziva uye pamwe nehupamhi hwemotokari, uye anokurudzirwa kubatanidzwa kutamba kwakasimba, izvo zvinosimbisa misumbu uye zvinobatsira vana vaduku kukura ruzivo rwemagetsi.
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Kana Uri Kurambana, Izvi ndizvo Zvaunofanira Kuudza Vana Vako
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Nzira Yokutaura Nevana Nezvipfuva Kupfuura Mazera
Zvakakoshawo kuti vabereki nevamwe vakwegura vabatane nevana vaduku. Kutaura nevana vaduku, kutamba navo, nekuvakurudzira kunobatsira kuti vakudzirire mafungiro uye zvekunamata. Kutaurirana nevanhu vakuru ndeyekukosha kwekutaura mutauro.
Kurara
Tinoziva kusashaiwa kwehope kunogona kuita kuti vaduku vave vasingafadzi, vanowanzoita kuti vashandise, uye kazhinji kugunzva, asi kurara ndeimwe yezvinodiwa zvakakosha pakukura kwakanaka uye kubudirira muvana vaduku. Kurara kunobatanidzwa zvakananga kuburikidza nehuropi-uye vana vaduku vanoramba vachida maawa 11 kusvika ku14 ekurara zuva rega rega, kusanganisira imwe kusvika maviri naps, zvichienderana nezera remuduku. Zvisinei, hazvishamisi kuti mwana muduku awane dambudziko rokurara, kunyange apo akarara zvakanaka sechecheche. Sezvo mwana achiva akawedzera kuziva nezvemamiriro ake ezvinhu, kutya kweusiku, kurohwa, kuparadzana kunetseka, motokari yekuve yakanyanya kuzvimirira, uye kukwanisa kubuda pamubhedha pasina rubatsiro rwemubereki vanogona kuita zvose kuti varare mumatambudziko, asi zvakakosha kushanda pamwe nevana venyu kuti vaone kuti ari kuwana huro hwakakwana .
Kunyanya Kunetseka
Kugara kwemazuva ose kunogona kukonzerwa nezvinetso zveutano, kusanganisira zvisingagumi kana zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba zvinokanganisa kukura mumuviri; zvipatara zvakawanda zvekugara zvipatara zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu; uye kunzwa kana kuona zvisizvo zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu.
Zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti vana vanoberekwa vasati vasvika vakagadzirisa matanho ekufambira mberi uye matanho makuru kuburikidza nechecheche uye mavambo ekutanga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mwana wako akazvarwa kanopfuura masvondo matatu asati asvika zuva rakakodzera, chiitiko chikuru chinosimudzira mwana wako chichagadziriswa kana akazvarwa musi wake wakakodzera. Kuwanda kwevana vanoberekwa nguva isati yasvika, kufambira mberi kwekufambira mberi kunosvika pakurongeka kwakakwana nezera rechipiri 2. Kana mwana wako asina, angada rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa uye mazano, ayo chiremba wevana vako achakukurudzira.
Kubudirira Kwakaitwa Sei?
Havasi vana vose vanobudirira nehuwandu hwehumwechete, asi pane zviitiko zvakakosha izvo vanachiremba vanotarisira kuona mukati meimwe nguva, uye kupindira kwakadai sekutaura, muviri, kana kurapwa kwebasa kunogona kukurudzirwa kana mucheche asina kusvika pane imwe nhepfenyuro inokurudzira pane imwe pfungwa maruva. Vanachiremba vacharamba vachiona kufambira mberi kwomwana wenyu pakushanyira zvakanaka, zvakadai sekuongororwa kwachiremba wako kana mwana wako asina kurwara, kana kuti zvirwere panguva yekushanyira zvakanaka, izvo zvinowanzoitika mwedzi 12, mwedzi 18, mwedzi 24, nemwedzi 36.
Kuita kuti mwana wako akure, mwana wako achabvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pekuti mwana wako anotamba sei, anofamba, anobatana nevamwe, anotaura, anopindura mibvunzo kana mazano uyewo mibvunzo pamusoro pekuzvibata kuzvimiririra sekudya kana kuzvipfekedza. Vanachiremba vakawanda vanoshandisa Ages uye Stages Questionnaire, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwevana kubva pakuberekwa kusvika pazera remakore 6. Vabereki vanokumbirwa kuzadza mubvunzo uyu musati washanya, iyo inobvunza mibvunzo yemibvunzo inoyera kutaurirana kwevana vako, chinetso kugadzirisa, unhu hwevanhu, hwemagariro evanhu, uye hutano hwakakosha uye hwakanaka. Mubvunzo uyu wakagadzirirwa kubatsira kubatsira vana vari mungozi yekukurumidza kunonoka , uye vanokurudzira kubatana kwevabereki mukukura kwevana vavo.
Pasinei nokuti iwe unogadza mubvunzo wemibvunzo kana kungotaura nachiremba, chinangwa ndechekuona kuve kunonoka uye kupa maitiro akakodzera anogona kutsigira mwana muduku, anozivikanwa se "kupindira kwepakutanga." Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, "Muna United States, inenge 13 kubva muzana yevana 3 kusvika ku17 yemakore yemakore vane hutano hwekuvandudza kana mufambiro hwakadai sevotism, kuremara kwepfungwa, uye kutadza-kutadza / kusagadzikana kwehutano. Mukuwedzera, vana vazhinji vanonoka mumutauro kana zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisa chikoro chekuchikoro. "Zvokutanga kunonoka uku nekuremara zvinoonekwa, nekukurumidza mwana anogona kubatsirwe nehutano hwekutanga. Kupindira kwepakutanga kunobatsira vana nevana vaduku uye vanogona kubatsira mwana kuita shanduko huru mune unyanzvi hwokuvandudza. Izvi zvinosanganisira mazano anobatsira mwana kudzidza kuyanana nevamwe, kufamba, kutaura, kukudziridza mhinduro dzakakodzera kune zvinokanganisa pfungwa, nezvimwewo.
Kana iwe uchinetseka nekukura kwevana vako, ramba uchiyeuka kuti vana vanobudirira pazvikamu zvakasiyana, uye, sekunge vanhu vakuru, vana vaduku vane humwe unyanzvi hwakasimba kudarika vamwe. Zvisinei, zvinokosha zvakare kuti usateerere zviratidzo zvinonyevera. Chokutanga, taura nevana vako vevana vaduku kana iwe une zvinetso. Chiremba wemwana wako achabvunza mibvunzo uye inogona kukutaurira kune unyanzvi hwekupindira kwepakutanga nokuda kwekuwedzera kuongorora. Nyanzvi inonyatsocherechedza mwana wako muduku sezvaanomutora kuburikidza nemhando yemitambo kana mabasa. Kuburikidza nekubatana uku, uye kuburikidza kuburikidza nekubvunzurudza vabereki kana kuti mutarisiri, nyanzvi inogona kukurudzira mwana kuti atange kupindira kwekutanga kana kwete. Kana iwe mwana usingadi mamwe mabasa, unogona kuitevera nekumwe kuongorora mumwedzi mitatu kusvika kumatanhatu kuti udzoke zvakare.
> Sources:
> Vana uye Kurara. National Sleep Foundation. https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-topics/children-and-sleep.
> Dahl RE. Kurara uye Kuvandudza Ubongo. Kurara . 2007; 30 (9): 1079-1080.
> Developmental Monitoring and Screening. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/screening.html. Yakagadziridzwa: 2/23/2016
> Kudya uye Kudya Zvakakwana: Yako Yegore Rakaviri. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/Pages/Feeding-and-Nutrition-Your-Two-Year-Old.aspx. Yakagadziridzwa: 11/21/2015
> Preemie Zviitiko. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/Pages/Preemie-Milestones.aspx. Yakagadziridzwa: 11/21/2015