AAP Recommendations
Pasiatric Advice
Maererano neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), "Kudzivirira ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvekuita kwevana uye zvinosanganisira mabasa akasiyana-siyana sekuonekwa kwechitsva, majekiseni, nekusimudzirwa kwezvigaro zvekuchengetedza motokari uye helmets bhasikoro."
Izvi zvinyorwa mumashoko ekutaura pamusoro pokudzivirira kwehutano hwehuduku nekurudziro kuverenga muviri wemwana mazita index (BMI) gore negore.
Izvi zvingabatsira kuziva nekudzivirira dambudziko riri kukura rehutano hwehuduku.
Dambudziko guru nemarudzi ose aya mazano ekurapa ndeokuti anongoshanda chete kana akaitwa nguva dzose, izvo zvinosuruvarisa kuti hazvisi izvo chete sevana vevana vana dzimwe nguva vasingazivi mashandiro matsva, havabvumi nemamwe mazano, kana kungoita kuita zvinhu nenzira yavo zviri nani.
Vanachiremba Checkups
IAAP inokurudzira kuti vana vaongorore apo vari:
- mazuva matatu kusvika mashanu ( ekakutanga kuenda kune chiremba )
- kwakapoteredza mwedzi mumwe chete
- mwedzi miviri yekare
- mwedzi mina yekare
- mwedzi mitanhatu
- mwedzi mapfumbamwe
- mwedzi gumi nemiviri
- mwedzi gumi namashanu
- mwedzi gumi nemasere
- makore maviri
- makore matatu
- makore mana
- makore mashanu
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vana vechechi yechikoro uye vechidiki vanowana chengetedza vana zvakanaka gore negore zvakare.
Mishonga Yakanakisisa Miitiro
Kuziva nezvemakirini aya emhando dzakanakisisa kunogona kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chokuti mwana wako anotarisirwa kutevera mazano azvino kubva kuAmerican Academy of Pediatrics.
- Autism Screening : Vanachiremba vanofanirwa kutsvaga vhudzi dzisingabatsiri vhizha dzvuku (kusaona masikati, kusapindura nezita zita rinoshevedzwa, uye kunonoka kunyorera uye kutaura kwevana, nezvimwewo) izvo zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chevhisi pamusana wega wega anoshanyira uye anofanira kushandisa sangano autism screen tool, yakadai seM-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers), pamwedzi 18 ne24 kana pose apo mubereki anomutsa zvinetso zvekuti mwana wavo angava autism.
- Dambudziko reRopa : vana vanofanira kuve neropa ravo rinowanzotariswa pamwana mumwe nomumwe anoshanyira kutanga pazera remakore matatu.
- BMI : vana nevechidiki vanofanirwa kuve neBMI yavo yakaverengwa uye vakaronga paBBI kukura chati gore negore kuti vabatsire kuziva kuderedza kuwanda kwehutano uye pangozi yekukura kwehutano hwevana. Unoziva BMI yemwana wako here?
- Kuyamwisa : Vanachiremba vanofanirwa kukurudzira kunwisa vana chete, pasina mvura yekuwedzera, juice, kana zvimwe zvokudya, kwemwedzi mitanhatu yeupenyu hwemucheche, uye kunyange mushure mekudya uye zvokudya zvevana zvinotanga kumwedzi mitanhatu, "Kuyamwisa kunofanira kuramba kuchiitwa gore rokutanga rehupenyu uye kupfuura kunze kwenguva yakareba sezvinodiwa nemamai nemwana. "
- Cholesterol Kuongorora : Vose vana vanofanira kunge vasina chealestolin test test kana vava nemakore 9 kusvika ku11. Vaya vane nhoroondo yakanaka yemhuri ye dyslipidemia (high blood cholesterol and / or triglycerides) kana kuti nguva isati yasvika yemwoyo inokonzerwa nehutano hwepamusoro (kuwedzerwa kweropa, kushungurudza mwoyo, kurwadziwa, kana kushungurudzika kwemwoyo, nezvimwewo, pamakore 65 (varume) kana makore 55 (vakadzi) uye vaduku), kana nhoroondo yemhuri yavo isingazivikanwi, kana kuti ivo vakanyanya kuwandisa, vane kuwedzera kweropa, chirwere cheshuga mellitus, kana kusvuta fodya, nezvimwewo, vanofanira kuva nekutsanya kwepombi kana vane makore maviri kusvika gumi.
- Kunzwa Miedzo : kuwedzera kune mucheche wavo wekunzwa mutsva, vana vanofanira kutanga kutarisana nemishumo yekuteerera pavanoshanyira gore negore kuvanacheche vevana pavanenge vava nemakore mana. Gore negore kuedza kunzwa kunoitwawo pazera remakore mashanu, matanhatu, masere uye gumi. Pashoma kuongororwa kwehutano hwemangwana kune matambudziko ekunzwa kunofanira kuitwa kune dzimwe nguva kuongororwa kwegore.
- Hematocrit : hemoglobin kana hematocrit ropa test inowanzoitwa mwedzi gumi nembiri kuti iongorore vana nokuda kwekushaya ropa, iyo inowanzokonzerwa nekushaya simba kwesimbi. Kuwedzera kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, hwakadai sekuyamwisa vana vasina kudya nyama yakasimbiswa nematare kana vana vaduku vanonwa mukaka wakawanda, nezvimwewo, zvinokurudzirwa mwedzi mina, mwedzi gumi nemana, uye ipapo pakubvunzisisa kwevana vako gore negore.
- HIV : CDC inokurudzira kugara muchirongwa cheHIV kune vechidiki vanotanga pavanenge vane makore gumi nemasere uye vanodzokorora gore negore kana vari pangozi yekutapukirwa kweHIV. IAAP inokurudzira kuti vose vari kuyaruka vane uongorori hweHIV kana vane makore 16 kusvika ku18, kana kukurumidza kana vari pangozi yakakwirira.
- Jaundice : Vose vanenge vachangobva kuberekwa vanofanira kugara vachiongororwa nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwe jaundice vasati vadzorerwa kumusha kubva kuchirairi uye ngozi yevana yekukura jaundice inofanira kuongororwa vasati vadzorerwa kumba. Vanofanira kuonekwa zvakare nevana vavo mukati memazuva mashomanana kuti vaone kuti havasi kukura jaundice. Vabereki vanofanira kuchengetedza mupfungwa kuti chiedza chezuva chinobatsira kurapa jaundice hachigoni kukurudzirwa neAAP.
- Kutungamirira Poisoning : Vana, kunyanya vacheche nevana vaduku, vanofanira kugara vachibvunzwa nezvekuisa mungozi yekutungamirira chepfu uye kuongororwa kana zvakakodzera, zvakadai sekugara mumusha wakavakwa kare muna 1978, kuva neshamwari kana nhengo dzemhuri dzine hutungamiri hwepamusoro, kana nekuda kwehurumende kana inharaunda inotungamirira chepfu yekuongorora hurongwa.
- Kuberekwa patsva : vana vanozvarwa patsva vanofanira kubvumirwa kugara muchipatara kwemaawa makumi maviri nemashanu mushure mekuberekwa kwevakadzi uye nemaawa anenge 96 mushure mekuregererwa kwevana, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vane utano hwakanaka, vacheche vacheche vasina zvipingamupinyi, avo vanosangana nezvinetso zvakasiyana vanogona kuenda kumba pfupi zvishoma kana vachizove vachitevera nevana vavo mukati maawa 48.
- Screen Time : IAAP inokurudzira kuti vacheche nevana vaduku vari pasi pemakore maviri havafananidzi nguva yekuvharidzira zvachose - vanofanira kunge vasina skrini. Vana vakwegura havafanire kuva neTV muimba yavo uye vanofanira kunge vasingakwanisi maawa maviri kana maviri zuva rekuvhara kwekeseti, kusanganisira kutarisa terevhizheni, mavhidhiyo, uye mafirimu, uye kutamba mitambo yemakombiyuta nemavhidhiyo, nezvimwewo.
- Zvepabonde Ed : kuremekedza hukama hwemhuri uye tsika, vanachiremba vanofanirwa kutaura nevabereki, vana, uye vechidiki pamusoro pedzidzo yepabonde nenzira yakakodzera.
- Mishonga yepabonde: vose vasikana vanoita zvepabonde vanofanira kuongororwa zvirwere zvepabonde (STD) gore rega rega, kusanganisira chlamydia uye gonorrhea, izvo zvavanogona kuva vasina zviratidzo.
- Chisikiti : Vanachiremba vanofanira kukuyeuchidza vabereki kuti vana vavo havafaniri kudzivirira zuva, suntanning, uye mamwe maitiro ekuderedza kusvikirwa kwezuva , kunze kwekurumbidza kuti kana vaine mwedzi mitanhatu, vanoshandisa shandi yezuva yakakura neSSPF yevashanu kana kupfuura 15 kusvika pamaminitsi makumi matatu vasati vabuda muzuva, uye kuti vanofanira kuidzorera zvakare kwemaawa maviri oga oga. Vana vacheche vasati vapera mwedzi mitanhatu vanofanira kuchengetedzwa kunze kwezuva, kunyange kana pazvinenge zvakakodzera, shisi yezuva inogona kushandiswa pane zvakajeka nzvimbo dzisina kufukidzwa nehomwe uye dzimwe mbatya dzinodzivirira.
- Kudzidzira Zvidzidzo : Mukuwedzera pakupa vabereki mazano pamusoro pekudzivirira vana padziva ravo uye kuchengetedza mvura , vanachiremba vanofanira kukuyeuchidza vabereki kuti vana vakawanda vane makore anopfuura mana vanofanira kutora zvidzidzo zvekushambi kusvikira vadzidza kushambira.
- Dambudziko reTB : Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) inowanzoitirwa vana vane hutachiwana hwehutachiwana hweHIV, kusanganisira vana vane utachiona hweHIV, vasungwa vari mujeri, vana vanobatana nemunhu ane TB, vane zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zveTB, vachangobva kubuda kubva, kusanganisira mhirizhonga yenyika, kana kuenda kunyika ine TB yakawanda.
- Zvose Zvisikwa Zvitsva Kuzvinzwa Kuongorora : dzose dzinobva kuzvarwa dzinofanira kunge dzakanzwisiswa uye dzinofanira kuongororwa nenguva iyo dziine mwedzi mitatu yakare kana dzikakundikana miedzo yekutanga yekunzwa kuitira kuti vagone kuwana rubatsiro rwekupindira musati vasvika mwedzi mitanhatu kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa zvachose.
- Chiratidzo Chiedzo : vana vanofanira kutanga kutora masvomhu ekuongorora maitiro ekudzokorora gore negore kuvanacheche vevana pavanenge vava nemakore matatu. Kana ivo vasingabatanidzi nekutanga yekuona kuongorora kuongorora, chiremba wevana vako angangodzokorora mukati memwedzi mitanhatu. Chiratidzo chegore negore chinoitwa kuburikidza nezera remakore matanhatu uye rinoshandura pamwe nekuongorora zvisingatongogadziriswa kwehuwandu kune zvinetso zvekuona gore rimwe nerimwe kusvika pazera gumi nemaviri. Vechidiki vanofanira kuve nekuongororwa kwemaziso pavanenge vane makore gumi nemashanu nemakore gumi nemana, uye maonero ekuona kutyisidzirwa kune dzimwe nguva kuongororwa kwegore.
- WHO Growth Charts : iyo CDC neAAP inokurudzira kuti vanachiremba vanoshandisa World Health Organization (WHO) maratiro ekukura kwevana vari pasi pemwedzi 24, panzvimbo yevakuru vakuru veCDC kukura. Iko CDC kukura mifananidzo inogona kuramba ichishandiswa kune vana uye vechidiki vane makore maviri nekure. Mifananidzo yakakura ye WHO inonyanya kubatsira pakuongorora kuyamwisa vacheche, avo dzimwe nguva vanoita sevanowedzera kuwandisa zvakanyanya pamatambo ekukura eCCD, kunyange pavanenge vachiyamwisa zvakanaka.
Zvimwe Zvirwere zveMwana
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvevana vanobvumirwa kana kuti zvakabudiswa neAmerican Academy yePediatrics zvinosanganisira zvirevo zvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pe:
- Zvimwe Kuzvidzivirira Purogiramu - yeAAP inotsigira zvakasimba zvepasi pose uye inotsigira zvirongwa zvekudzivirira kuchipinda chechikoro. IAAP haina kubvumira kana kukurudzira chero dzimwe nguva zvirongwa zvekudzivirira.
- Cough uye Cold Mishonga - vana vaduku vanopfuura makore matanhatu havafaniri kupiwa pamusoro-ku-kukonzerwa nekukanganiswa nemishonga inotonhora.
- Kutanga kushanyira Dentist dentist - inogona kunge inenge mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika ku12 yemakore, kunyanya kune vana vari pangozi yakawanda yezvikwata, kusanganisira avo vane ruzivo rwakanyanya rwekuchengetwa kwehutano, vanaamai vane mitsetse yakawanda, . Vana vanovata nehombodo kana kunwisa pausiku, vane vana vakwegura, kana mumhuri dzine hutsika hwehupfumi hwevanhu, vanofanirawo kuona chiremba wemazino achiri vaduku. IAAP ikozvino inotaura kuti vose vana vanofanira kuona chiremba wamazino nekutanga kwekuzvarwa kwavo.
- Kutanga kushanyira Gynecologist - kunze kwekuti pane chimwe chiratidzo chese speculum kana kuongorora bimanual, vasikana vechidiki vanogona kukamirira kutanga kushanyira gynecologist kusvika vava nemakore makumi maviri nerimwe chete, nguva iyo puro yekutanga yepamu ikozvino yakakurudzirwa. Kunyange kana kuongororwa kwepachevic kuchidiwa panguva yakatarwa, yakadai sekugara kwechikadzi, kusingawanzi kubuda ropa, kana zviratidzo zveTI mumusikana ane zvepabonde, nezvimwewo, kuongorora gynecologic chimwe chinhu chinogona kuitwa nevana vako vechidiki. IAmerican College yezvipfeko uye Gynecologists inorayira kuti "vasikana vanofanira kuva nehanzvadzi yavo yokutanga yekushanyira gynecologic pakati pemakore gumi nemakore nemakore gumi nemashanu.
- Fluoride - vacheche vanoda rubatsiro rwekuwedzera fluoride, kazhinji kubva ku fluoridated water tap, kutanga apo pave nemwedzi mitanhatu.
- Muchero Muchero - vana pakati pemakore ekuberekwa nemakore matanhatu vanofanira kunge vasingapfuuri maawa mana kana matanhatu emuti wejisi wezvibereko zvezuva rimwe nerimwe, nepo vana vakwegura havafaniri kuva neanopfuura 8 kusvika ku12 oz kana 2 servings pazuva. Vacheche vari pasi pemakore matanhatu mwedzi havafaniri kuva nejisi nevana vemakore ose vanofanira kukurudzirwa kudya chibereko chose pane kunwa mvura.
- Misi - vana vanofanira kuchinjira mukaka wakaora-mafuta pavanenge vava nemakore maviri, kunyange zvazvo vanogona kuita kuti kuchinja kune mukaka wakaora-mafuta mwedzi gumi nemaviri (kana musingapfuuri kunwisa) kana kuneta kunenge kuchida kana kuti kune nhoroondo yemhuri yekuneta, dyslipidemia, kana chirwere chemwoyo.
- Pacifiers - sezvo inogona kuderedza ngozi yemwana weSIDS, mwana angapiwa pacifier paanozovata, kunyange iwe unofanirwa kunonoka kupa pacifier kumwana wako kusvikira ava nemwedzi umwe uye achiyamwisa zvakanaka. Uyewo, haufaniri kumanikidzira mwana wako kuti atore pacifier, uye haufaniri kudzorera pacifier mumuromo wemwana wako kamwe chete paanorara.
- SIDS - Vana vanofanirwa kuiswa kurara pamusana yavo kuti vabatsire kuderedza kuderedza dambudziko ravo reSIDS .
- Basa rePanyama - vana vanofanirwa kushanda nesimba kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu zuva rega rega, kusanganisira mitambo yakasununguka yekutamba kusununguka (pasi pemakore matanhatu), mitambo yakarongeka (makore matanhatu kusvika kune mapfumbamwe), uye mitambo yakaoma zvikuru uye kudzidzisa kuyerwa (tweens uye teens ) sezvavanokura.
- Vitamini D - vabereki havafaniri kuvimba nechiedza chezuva kuti vana vavo vawane vitamin D. Vana vasina kuwana mavitamini D akakwana kubva muzvokudya zvevhitamini D-yakasimbiswa, kusanganisira kunyanya kuyamwisa vana vacheche uye vacheche, vanofanira kuwana vitamini D kuwedzera .
- Chimirira-uye-Ona - iAAP inoderedza vanachiremba kuti vasatarise kana vachiona nzira yekuongorora matambudziko evana ekubudirira, kunyanya apo vabereki vane hanya ne autism.
> Sources:
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